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1st PUC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (North)

August 4, 2021

Students can Download 1st PUC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (North), Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Papers with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (North)

Time: 3.15 Hours
Max Marks: 100

Instructions to candidates:

Write the serial number of questions properly as given in the question paper while answering
Write the correct and complete answers.

Section – A

I. Answer any ten of following questions in a word or a sentence each. While answering Multiple Choice Questions, write the serial number/alphabet of the correct choice and write the answer corresponding to it. Each question carries one mark: ( 10 × 1 = 10 )

Question 1.
What is trade?
Answer:
Trade refers to buying and selling of goods. It is the means by which goods are exchanged between the producers and the consumers.

Question 2.
In a co-operative society, the principle followed is
(a) One share one vote
(b) One man one vote
(c) No vote
(d) Multiple votes
Answer:
(b) One man one vote

Question 3.
Give an example for a government company.
Answer:
One example of a departmental undertaking is Indian Railways.

Question 4.
Which one of these is not the function of warehousing.
(a) Break the bulk
(b) Consolidation
(c) Price stabilisation
(d) Advertising
Answer:
(d) Advertising

Question 5.
What is plastic money?
Answer:
Plastic money made out of plastic is a new and easier way of paying for goods and services. It includes credit cards, debit cards smart cards, etc.

Question 6.
How is land pollution caused?
Answer:
Excessive use of fertilizers, chemicals, and pesticides in cultivation are causes of land pollution.

Question 7.
Which is considered the birth certificate of the company?
Answer:
Incorporation Certificate.

Question 8.
Debenture represent
(a) Additional Capital of the company
(b) Permanent Capital of the company
(c) Fluctuating Capital of the company
(d) Loan Capital of the company
Answer:
(d) Loan Capital of the company

Question 9.
What is a tax holiday?
Answer:
A government incentive program that offers a tax reduction or elimination to businesses is called a tax holiday.

Question 10.
Expand ‘AVM’
Answer:
Automated Vending machines.

Question 11.
A receipt issued by the commanding officer of the ship when the cargo loaded on the ship is known as
(a) Shipping Receipt
(b) Mate’s Receipt
(c) Cargo Receipt
(d) Charter Receipt
Answer:
(b) Mate’s Receipt.

Question 12.
What is Export trade?
Answer:
Export trade refers to the sale of a home or domestic goods to other èountries.

Section – B

II. Answer any ten of the following questions in two or three sentences each. Each question carries 2 marks: ( 10 × 2 = 20 )

Question 13.
Mention any two causes of business risks.
Answer:
Causes of business risks are:
(a) Natural causes like floods, earthquakes, etc.
(b) Human causes like theft, forgery, lavish expenditure of top mañagement, embezzlement of cash, etc.

Question 14.
What is a partnership at will?
Answer:
Partnership at will is a type. of partnership exists at the will of the partners. It can continue as long as the partners want and is terminated when any partner gives notice of withdrawal from the partnership to the firm.

Question 15.
Write any two benefits of the joint venture.
Answer:
The benefits of the joint venture are:
(a) Increased Resources and Capacity.
(b) Access to Technology.

Question 16.
Give the meaning of business services.
Answer:
Business is an economic activity involving the production and sale of goods and services undertaken with the motive of earning profit by satisfying human needs in society.

Question 17.
Give the meaning of outsourcing.
Answer:
Outsourcing is the process by which a company contracts another company to provide particular services.

Question 18.
What are the Social Responsibilities of business?
Answer:
Various activities which provide for the welfare of the society along with the earning of profit for the firm are termed as bSocia1 Responsibility of Business”.

Question 19.
Name any two clauses of the Memorandum of Association.
Answer:
(a) Objects Clause.
(b) Name Clause.

Question 20.
State the financial services rendered by a Factor.
Answer:
(a) Discounting of bills.
(b) Providing information about the creditworthiness of clients.

Question 21.
Give the meaning of village industries.
Answer:
Village industry has been defined as any industry located in a rural area that produces any goods, renders any service with or without the use of power, and in which the fixed capital investment per head or artisan or worker does not exceed Rs. 50,000.

Question 22.
State any two features of wholesalers.
Answer:
(a) The wholesaler purchases goods in large quantities from different manufacturers and resells them to the retailers.
(b) Wholesalers serve as an important link between manufacturers and retailers.

Question 23.
What is pre-shipment finance?
Answer:
Pre-shipment finance is the finance that the exporter needs before shipment of the order for procuring raw materials and other components, processing and packing of goods, and transportation of goods to the port of shipment or we can say pre-shipment finance is the finance which is required to undertake export production.

Question 24.
Why ‘Certificate of Origin’ is necessary?
Answer:
(a) Certificate of Origin is one of the required documents for import customs clearance in most of the importing countries.
(b) Certificate of origin is the document, certifying the origin of the country wherein the export goods are procured and manufactured originally.

Section – C

III. Answer any seven of the following questions in 10-12 sentences. Each question carries 4 marks: ( 7 × 4 = 28 )

Question 25.
Explain briefly the different types of manufacturing industries.
Answer:
Manufacturing industries may be sub-divided into four types. They are:
(a) Analytical industries: Analytical industries refer to those manufacturing industries which produce many types of products by analyzing, i.e. separating, the same basic raw materials into different products. For example, oil-refining.

(b) Synthetic industries: Synthetic industries refer to all those manufacturing industries where various materials are combined together in the manufacturing process to manufacture a new product. For example, the cement industry.

(c) Processing industries: Processingindustries refer to those manufacturing industries where different components are processed through different processes into a finished product. Paper industry, textile industry, etc. are examples of processiñg industries.

(d) Assembling industries: Assembling industries refer to those manufacturing industries where different component parts already manufactured are assembled into final products. The automobile industry is an example of assembling industries.

Question 26.
Briefly explain any four merits of Departmental Undertakings.
Answer:
Departmental undertakings have certain advantages which are as follows:
(a) These undertakings facilitate the Parliament to exercise effective control over their operations.
(b) These ensure a high degree of public accountability.
(e) The revenue earned by the enterprise goes directly to the treasury and hence is a source of income for the government.
(d) Where national security is concerned, this form is most suitable since it is under the direct control and supervision of the concerned Ministry.

Question 27.
Briefly explain any four types of life insurances.
Answer:
(a) Whole Life Policy: In this kind of policy, the amount payable to the insured will not be paid before the death of the assured. The sum then becomes payable only to the beneficiaries or heir of the deceased

(b) Endowment Life Assurance Policy: The insurer undertakes to pay a specified sum when the insured attains a particular age or on his death whichever is earlier. The sum is payable to his legal heir/s or nominee named therein in cases of death of the assured.

(c) Joint Life Policy: This policy is taken up by two or more persons. The premium is paid jointly or by either of them in installments or lump sum. The assured sum or policy money is payable upon the death of anyone person to the other survivor or survivors.

(d) Annuity Policy: Under this policy, the assured sum or policy money is payable after the assured attains a certain age in monthly, quarterly, and half-yearly or annual installments. The premium is paid in installments over a certain period or a single premium may be paid by the assured. This is useful to those who prefer a regular income after a certain age.

Question 28.
Explain any four limitations of e-business.
Answer:
The limitation of e-business is:
(a) inability to Experience the Product before Purchase: There are many products that consumers want to touch, feel, hear, taste and smell before they buy. E-commerce takes away that luxury.

(b) Less Security: The biggest obstacle in the growth of e-commerce is the issue of security. Internet is not a secured medium of communication. There are tools or options available to hackers whereby they cannot only monitor but also control any data communicated over the internet.

(c) Dependent on Internet: E-business is dependent on the internet. Mechanical failures in the system can cause unpredictable effects on the total processes.

(d) E-commerce Delays Goods: E-business takes more time to deliver the goods into consumer’s hands when compared to traditional business.

Question 29.
Explain briefly any four arguments for social responsibility.
Answer:
The arguments for social responsibilities are:
(a) Public image: The activities of business towards the welfare of the society earn goodwill and reputation for the business. The earnings of a business also depend upon the public image of its activities.

(b) Government regulation: To avoid government regulations businessmen should discharge their duties voluntarily.

(c) Survival and growth: Every business is a part of society. So for its survival and growth, support from society is very much essential. The business utilizes the available resources like power, water, land, roads, etc. of the society. So it should be the responsibility of every business to spend a part of its profit for the welfare of society.

(d) Employee satisfaction: Besides getting a good salary and working in a healthy atmosphere, employees also expect other facilities like proper accommodation, transportation, education, and training. Employers should try to fulfill all the expectations of the employees because employee satisfaction is directly related to productivity.

Question 30.
Explain briefly any four functions performed by the promoter during the promotional stage in the formation of a company.
Answer:
(a) Identification of Business Idea or Opportunity: The first stage in the promotion of a company is the discovery of a new idea or prospection. It is the ‘promoter who conceives an idea of starting a business for making a profit. With his experience, the promoter discovers the field of gainful investment. His knowledge enables him to judge the soundness of a particular proposal.

(b) Feasibility Study or Detailed Investigation: The second stage in the promotion of a company is detailed investigation. This is done to find out whether the business which he likes to start will be profitable or not. For this purpose, he takes the help of experts Like engineers, accountants, cost accountants, market research specialists, etc. This will enable him to known the probable cost of production, the probable demand, and supply of the product. On the basis of reports submitted, the promoter takes his decision. 1f the reports are favorable, he proceeds further with his business idea.

(c) Company’s Name Approval: Having decided to form a company, the promoters have to select a name for it and submit, an application to the Registrar of Companies for the state in which the registered office of the company is to be situated, for its approval. The proposed name may be approved if it is not considered undesirable. Therefore, three names, in order of their priority are given in the application to the Registrar of Companies.

(d) Fixing up Signatories to the Memorandum of Association: Promoters have to decide about the members who will be signing the Memorandum of Association of the proposed company. Usually, the people signing Memorandum are also the first directors of the company.

(e) Appointment of Professional: Professionals such as mercantile bankers, auditors, legal advisors, etc. are appointed by the promoters to assist them in the preparation of necessary documents which are required to be filed with the Registrar of Companies.

(f) Preparation of Necessary Documents. The promoter takes up steps to get prepared certain legal documents, which have to be submitted under the law, to the Registrar of the Companies for getting the company registered. These documents are the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Associations.

Question 31.
Explain briefly the merits of retained earnings as a source of business finance.
Answer:
The company generally does not distribute all its earnings amongst the shareholders as dividends. A portion of the net earnings may be retained in the business for use in the future. This is known as retained earnings.

Merits:
(a) Retained earnings are a permanent source of funds available to an organization.
(b) It does not involve any explicit cost in the form of interest, dividend or floatation cost.
(c) As the funds are generated internally, there is a greater degree of operational freedom and flexibility.
(d) It enhances the capacity of the business to absorb unexpected losses.
(e) It may lead to an increase in the market price of the equity shares of a company.

Demerits:
(a) Excessive plowing back may cause dissatisfaction amongst the shareholders as they would get lower dividends.
(b) It is an uncertain source of funds as the profits of the business are fluctuating.
(c) The opportunity cost associated with these funds is not recognized by many firms. This may lead to sub-optimal use of the funds.

Question 32.
Write short notes on (a) Equity shares (b) Preference Shares
Answer:
(a) Equity Shares:
(a) Equity shares represent the ownership of a company and thus the capital raised by the issue of such shares is known as ownership capital or Owner’s funds.
(b) Equity shares are shares, which do not enjoy any preferential right in the matter of claim of dividend or repayment of capital.
(c) Equity shareholders are regarded as the owners of the company who exercise their authority through the voting rights they enjoy.

(b) Preference Shares:
(a) The capital raised by the issue of preference shares is called preference share capital.

(b) The preference shareholders enjoy a preferential position over equity shareholders in two ways:

Receiving a fixed rate of dividend, out of the net profits of the company, before any dividend is declared for equity shareholders.
Receiving their capital after the claims of the company’s creditors have been settled, at the time of liquidation.

(c) In other words, as compared to the equity shareholders, the preference shareholders have a preferential claim over dividend and repayment capital. Preference shares resemble debentures as they bear a fixed rate of return. ìl’so as the dividçnd is payable only at the discretion of the directors and only out of profit after tax, to that extent, these resemble equity shares.

(d) Thus, prefèrènceshares have some characteristics of both equity shares and debentures. Preference sÍaìeholders generally do not enjoy any voting rights.

Question 33.
Explain briefly any four features of cottage industries.
Answer:
The features of cottage industries are:
(a) Cottage industries are organized by individuals, with private resources.
(b) Cottage industries normally use family labor and locally available talent.
(c) The equipment used in cottage industries is simple.
(d) Capital investment in cottage industries is small.
(e) Cottage industries produce simple products, normally on their own premises.
(f) Cottage industries produce goods using indigenous technology.

Question 34.
Explain briefly the different types of itinerant retailers.
Answer:
The features of cottage industries are:
(a) Cottage industries are organized by individuals, with private resources.
(b) Cottage industries normally use family labor and locally available talent.
(c) The equipment used in cottage industries is simple.
(d) Capital investment in cottage industries is small.
(e) Cottage industries produce simple products, normally on their own premises.
(f) Cottage industries produce goods using indigenous technology.

Section – D

IV. Answer any four of the following questions in 20-25 sentences each. Each question carries 8 marks: ( 4 × 8 = 32 )

Question 35.
Explain the types of Cooperative societies.
Answer:
Types of Co-operative society:
1. Consumer’s cooperative societies:
(a) The consumer cooperative societies are formed to protect the interests of consumers.
(b) The members comprise consumers desirous of obtaining good quality products at reasonable prices.
(c) The society aims at eliminating middlemen to achieve economy in operations.
(d) It purchases goods in bulk directly from the wholesalers and sells goods to the members directly.
(e) Profits, if any, are distributed on the basis of either their, capital contributions to the society or purchases made by individual members.

2. Producer’s cooperative soclètles:
(a) These societies are set up to protect the interest of small producers.
(b) The members comprise òf producerš desirous of procuring inputs for production of goods to meet the demand of consumers.
(c) The society aims to fìghtagainst the big capitalists and enhance the bargaining power of the small producers.
(d) It supplies raw materials, equipment, and other inputs to the members and also buys their output for sale.
(e) Profits among the members are generally distributed on the basis of their contributions to the total pool of goods pro1uced or sold by the society.

3. Marketing cooperative societies:
(a) Such societies are established to help small producers in selling their products.
(b) The members consist of producers who wish to obtain reasonable prices for their output.
(c) The society aims to eliminate middlemen and improve the competitive position of its members by securing a favorable market for the products.
(d) It pools the output of individual members and performs marketing functions like transportation, warehousing, packaging, etc.
(e) Profits are distributed according to each member’s contribution to the pool of output.

4. Farmer’s cooperative societies:
(a) These societies are established to protect the interests of farmers by providing better inputs at a reasonable cost. :
(b) The members comprise farmers who wish to jointly take, up farming activities.
(c) The aim is ‘to gain the benefits of large scale fanning and increase the productivity.
(d) Such societies provide better quality seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and other modem techniques.

5. Credit cooperative societies:
(a) Credit cooperative societies are established for providing easy credit on reasonable terms to the members.
(b) The members comprise persons who seek financial help in the form of loans.
(c) The aim of such societies is to protect the members from the exploitation of lenders who charge high rates of interest on loans.
(d) Such societies provide loans to members out of the amounts collected as capital and deposits from the members and charge in rates of interest.

6. Cooperative housing societies:
(a) To help people with limited income to construct houses at reasonable costs.
(b) The members of these societies consišt proeurîng residential accommodation at lower costs.
(c) The aim is to solve the housing problem of the members by constructing houses and giving them the option of paying in installments.
(d) These societies construct flats or provide lots to members ‘on which the members themselves can construct the houses as per their choice.

Question 36.
Explain the features of a Joint Stock Company.
Answer:
(a) Artificial person: Just like an individual, who takes birth, grows, enters into relationships, and dies, a joint-stock company takes birth, grows, enters into relationships, and dies. However, it is called an artificial person as to its birth, existence, and death are regulated by law arid it does not possess phýsical attributes like that of a normal person.

(b) Legal formation: No single indìvidtial or a group of individuals can start a business and call it a joint-stock company. A joint-stock company comes into existence only when it has been registered after completioñ of all formalities required by the Indian Companies Act., 2013.

(c) Separate legal entity: Being an artificial person a company has its own legal entity separate from its members. It can own assets or property, enters into contracts, sue, or can be sued by anyone in the court of law. Its shareholders cannot be held liable for any conduct of the company.

(d) Perpetual existence: A joint-stock company continues to exist as long as it fulfills the requirements of law. It is not affected by the death, lunacy, insolvency, or retirement of any of its members.

(e) Common seal: A joint-stock company has a seal, which is used while dealing with others or entering into contracts with outsiders. It is called a common seal as it can be used by any officer at any level of the organization working on behalf of the company. Any document, on which the company’s seal ‘is put and is duly signed bý any official of the company, becomes binding on the company.

(f) Association of persons: A company is a voluntary association of persons established for-profit motive. A private company must have at least 2 persons and the public limited company must have at least 7 persons to get it registered. The maximum number of persons required for the registration in the case of a private company is 50 and in the case of a public company, there is no maximum limit.

(g) Limited liability: The liability of the shareholders is limited to the extent of the face value of the shares held by them. The shareholders are not liable personally for the paýment of the debt of the company.

(h) Transferability of shares: The shares of a public limited company are freely transferable and can be purchased and sold through the stock exchanges. A shareholder of a public limited company can transfer his shares without the consent of others except in the case of private companies.

(i) Large capital: A joint-stock company can raise a large amount of capital because the number of persons contributing towards capital is more in number when compared to sole proprietorship or partnership.

(j) Democratic management: Joint stock companies have democratic management and control. That is, even though the shareholders are owners of the company, all of them cannot participate in ‘the management of the company. Normally, the shareholders elect representatives from among themselves known as ‘Directors’ to manage the affairs of the company.

Question 37.
Give the meaning of warehousing and explain the different types of warehouses.
Answer:
The warehouse was initially viewed as a static unit for keeping and storing goods in a scìentifÌc and systematic manner so as to maintain their original quality, value, and usefulness.
(a) Private Warehouses: These are operated, owned, or leased by a company handling their own goods, such as retail chain stores or multi-brand, multi-product companies. As a general rule, an efficient warehouse is planned around a material handling system in order to encourage maximum efficiency of product movement.

(b) Public Warehouses: It can be used for storage of goods by traders, manufacturers, or any member of the public after the payment of a storage fee or charges. The government regulates the operation of these warehouses by issuing licenses for them to private parties.

(c) Bonded Warehouses: These are licensed by the government to accept imported goods prior to payment of tax and customs duty. These are goods which are imported from other countries. Importers are not permitted to remove goods from the docks or the airport till customs duty is paid.

(d) Government Warehouses: These warehouses are fully owned and managed by the government. The government manages them through organizations set up in the public sector.

Question 38.
Discuss the factors that affect while making the decision for the choice of an appropriate source of funds by a business organization.
Answer:
(a) Cost: There are two types of cost viz., the cost of procurement of funds and cost of utilizing the funds. Both these costs should be taken into account while deciding about the source of funds that will be used by an organization.

(b) Financial strength and stability of operations: The financial strength of a business is also a key determinant. In the choice of source of funds, the business should be in a sound financial position so as to be able to repay the principal amount and interest on the borrowed amount.

(c) Form of organization and legal status: The form of business organization and status influences the choice of a source for raising money.

(d) Purpose and time period: Business should plan according to the time period for which the funds are required. A short-term need for example can be met through borrowing funds at a low rate of interest through trade credit, commercial paper, etc. For long-term finance, sources such as the issue of shares and debentures are more appropriate.

(e) Risk profile: Businesses should evaluate each of the sources of finance in terms of the risk involved. For example, there is the least risk inequity as the share capital has to be repaid only at the time of winding up and dividends need not be paid if no profits are available.

(f) Control: A particular source of funds may affect the control and power of the owners on the management of a firm. Issue of equity shares may mean dilution of the control.

(g) Effect on creditworthiness: The dependence of a business on certain sources may affect its creditworthiness in the market.

(h) Flexibility and ease: Another aspect affecting the choice of a source of finance is the flexibility and ease of obtaining funds. Restrictive provisions, detailed investigation, and documentation in case of borrowings from banks and financial institutions.

(j) Tax benefits: Various sources may also be weighed in terms of their tax benefits. For example, while the dividend on preference shares is not tax-deductible, interest paid on debentures and loans is tax-deductible and may, therefore, be preferred by organizations seeking tax advantage.

Question 39.
Explain the four merits and four limitations of mail-order houses.
Answer:
Merits
(a) Limited capital requirement: Mail order business does not require heavy expenditure on building and other infrastructural facilities. Therefore, it can be started with a relatively low amount of capital.

(b) Elimination of middlemen: The biggest advantage of mail-order business from the point of view of consumers is that unnecessary middleman between the buyers and sellers are eliminated. This may result in a lot of savings both to the buyers as well as to the sellers.

(c) Wide reach: Under this system, the goods can be sent to all the places having postal services. This opens a wide scope for business as a large number of people throughout the country can be served through the mail.

(d) Convenience: Under this system goods are delivered to the doorstep of the customers. This results in great convenience to the customers in buying these products.

(e) Absence of bad debt: Since the mail-order houses do not extend credit facilities to the customers, there are no chances of any bad debt on account of non-payment of cash by the customers.

Limitations
(a) No credit: Supermarkets sell their products L a cash basis only. No credit facilities are made available to the buyers. This restricts the purchasing power of buyers from such markets.

(b) No personal attention: Supermarkets work on the principle of self-service. The customers, therefore, don’t get any personal attention. As a result, such commodities that require personal attention by salespeople cannot be handled effectively in supermarkets.

(c) Mishandling of goods: Some customers handle the goods kept on the shelf carelessly. This may raise costs in supermarkets.

(d) High overhead expenses: Supermarket incurs high overhead expenses. As a result, these have not been able to create low price appeal among the customers.

(e) Possibility of abuse: This type of business provides a greater possibility of abuse to dishonest traders to cheat the customers by making false claims about the products or not honoring the commitments made through handbills or advertisements.

(f) High dependence on postal services: The success of mail-order business depends heavily on the availability of efficient postal services at a place. But in a vast country like ours, where many places are still without postal facilities, this type of business has limited prospects.

Question 40.
Explain briefly the steps involved in the import procedure.
Answer:
(a) Trade inquiry: The importing firm approaches the export firms with the help of trade inquiry they collecting information about their export prices and terms of exports. After receiving a trade inquiry, the exporter will prepare a quotation called a proforma invoice.

(b) Procurement of import license: There are certain goods that can be imported freely, while others need licensing. The importer needs to consult the Export-Import (EXM) policy in force to know whether the goods that he or she wants to import are subject to import licensing.

(c) Obtaining foreign exchange: Since the supplier in the context of an import transaàtion resides in a foreign country, he/she demands payment in a foreign currency Payment in foreign currency involves the exchange of Indian currency into foreign currency.

(d) Placing order or indent: After obtaining the import license, the importer placeš an import order or indent with the exporter for the supply of the specified products. The import order contains information about the price, quantity size, grade, and quality of goods ordered and the instructions relating to packing, shipping, ports of shipment and destination, etc

(e) Arranging for finance: The importer should make arrangements in advance to pay to the exporter on the arrival of goods at the port. Advanced planning for financing imports is necessary so as to avoid huge demurrages (i.e., penalties) on the imported goods lying uncleared at the port for want of payments.

(f) Obtaining a letter of credit: If the payment terms agreed between the importer and the overseas supplier is a letter of credit, then the importer should obtain the letter of credit from its bank and forward it to the overseas supplier.

(g) Receipt of shipment advice: After loading the goods on the vessel, the overseas supplier dispatches the shipment advice to the importer. Shipment advice contains information about the shipment of goods.

(h) Retirement of import documents: Having shipped the goods, the overseas supplier prepares a set of necessary documents as per the terms of contract and letter of credit and hands it over to his or her banker for their onward transmission and negotiation to the importer in the manner as specified in the letter of credit.

(i) Arrival of goods: Goods are shipped by the overseas supplier as per the contract. The person in charge of the carrier (ship or airway) informs the officer in charge at the dock or the airport about the arrival of goods in the importing country. He provides the document called import general manifest. import general manifest is a document that contains the details of the imported goods.

(j) Customs clearance and release of goods: All the goods imported into India have to pass through customs clearance after they cross the Indian borders. Customs clearance is a somewhat tedious process and calls for completing a number of formalities. It is, therefore, advised that importers appoint C&F agents who are well versed with such formalities and play an important role in getting the good’s customs cleared.

Section – E (PRACTICAL ORIENTED QUESTIONS)

V. Answer any two of the following questions: ( 2 × 5 = 10 )

Question 41.
As a customer of a bank, list out any five e-banking services enjoyed by you.
Answer:
The five e-banking services are:
(a) Electronic fund transfer.
(b) Automated teller machines.
(c) Electronic data Interchange.
(d) Credit cards electronic or digital cash.
(e) Telebanking / Mobile banking.
(f) Anywhere banking (or) core banking.

Question 42.
As a businessman having concern for environmental protection, suggest any five steps measures to control environmental pollution.
Answer:
Five measures to control environmental pollution are:
(a) Definite commitment by top management of the enterprise to create, maintain and develop work culture for environmental protection and pollution prevention.
(b) Complying with laws and regulations enacted by the government for the prevention of pollution.
(c) Participation in government programs relating to the management of hazardous substances, plantation of trees, and checking deforestation.
(d) Ensuring that commitment to environmental protection is shared throughout the enterprise by all divisions and employees.
(e) Arranging educational workshops and training materials to share technical information and experience with suppliers, dealers, and customers to get them actively involved in pollution control programs.

Question 43.
Give a list of any five institutions which support small businesses in India.
Answer:
Five institutions that support small businesses in India are:
(a) National Bañk for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
(b) National Small Industrial Corporation (NSIC)
(c) Small Industrial Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
(d) Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development (RWED)
(e) District Industries Centres (DICs).

1st PUC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (South)

August 4, 2021

Students can Download 1st PUC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (South), Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Papers with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (South)

Time: 3.15 Hours
Max Marks: 100

Instructions to candidates:

Write the serial number of questions properly as given in the question paper while answering
Write the correct and complete answers.

Section – A

Question 1.
What is Hundi?
Answer:
Hundi is an instrument of exchange, which was prominent in the Indian subcontinent. It involved a contract which and warrant the payment of money, the promise or order which is unconditionally capable of change through transfer by valid negotiation.

Question 2.
Provision of residential accommodation to the members at reasonable rates is the objective of
(a) Producer’s co-operative
(b) Consumer co-operative
(c) Housing co-operative
(d) Credit co-operative
Answer:
(c) Housing co-operative

Question 3.
Give an example for a government company.
Answer:
Indian Telephone Industries Ltd; BSNL, BHEL.

Question 4.
Expand EFT.
Answer:
Electronic Fund Transfer.

Question 5.
The payment mechanism most typical to e-business is
(a) Cash on Delivery
(b) Cheques
(c) Credit and debit cards
(d) e-cash
Answer:
(d) e-cash

Question 6.
How is land pollution caused?
Answer:
Dumping of toxic waste.

Question 7.
Who are promoters?
Answer:
A person or group of persons who conceive the idea of setting up a new business, assess its feasibility and take necessary steps to arrange the basic requirements, and establish a business unit say, a Company and put into operation is known as a promoter.

Question 8.
What is the tenure (period) of commercial papers?
Answer:
90 days to 364 days.

Question 9.
In which year start-up India Scheme was implemented?
Answer:
16 January 2016

Question 10.
Which of the following does not come under the types of Itinerant retailers?
(a) Peddlers
(b) Market Traders
(c) Cheap Jacks
(d) Street Stall Holders
Answer:
(d) Street Stall Holders

Question 11.
How many commodity Boards are working in India?
Answer:
Seven.

Question 12.
Which one of the following modes of entry requires a higher level of greatest risks?
(a) Licensing
(b) Franchising
(c) Contract manufacturing
(d) Joint venture
Answer:
(d) Joint venture.

Section – B

II. Answer any ten of the following questions in two or three sentences each. Each question carries 2 marks: ( 10 × 2 = 20 )

Question 13.
What is Business?
Answer:
Business is an economic activity involving the production and sale of goods and services undertaken with the motive of earning profit by satisfying human needs in society.

Question 14.
Define Partnership.
Answer:
According to Section 4(2) Indian Partnership Act, 192 defines partnership as “the relation between persons who have agreed to share the profit of the business carried on by all or any one of them acting for all.”

Question 15.
State any two limitations of Departmental undertakings.
Answer:
The two limitations of the departmental undertaking are:
(a) Departmental undertakings fail to provide flexibility, which is essential for the smooth operation of the business.
(b) There is a lot of political interference through the ministry.

Question 16.
Mention any two types of Banks.
Answer:

Question 17.
Distinguish between e-business and e-commerce.
Answer:
1st PUC Business Studies Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (South) 1

Question 18.
What is the social responsibility of business?
Answer:
Various activities which provide for the welfare of the society along with the earning of profit for the firm are termed as “Social Responsibility of Business”.

Question 19.
Name any two stages in the formation of a company.
Answer:
(a) Promotion stage.
(b) Incorporation stage.

Question 20.
Write the meaning of retained earnings.
Answer:
A company generally doesn’t distribute all its earnings amongst the shareholder as dividends. A portion of the net earnings may be retained by the business for use in the future.

Question 21.
State any two institutions set up by the government for small and rural industries?
Answer:
(a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).
(b) National Small Industries Corporation (N SIC).

Question 22.
Give the meaning of vending machines?
Answer:
Automated vending machines are the newest revolution in marketing methods. Coin-operated vending machines are proving useful in selling several products such as hot beverages, platform tickets, milk, soft drinks, chocolates, newspaper, etc. in many countries.

Question 23.
What do you mean by Franchising?
Answer:
According to Charles W.L. Hill, “Franchising is basically a specialized form of licensing iñ which the franchisor not only sells the intangible property to the franchisee but also insists that the franchisee agrees to abide by strict rules ás to how it does business.”

Question 24.
State any two measures and schemes introduced by the government to promote international business?
Answer:
(a) Duty drawback scheme.
(b) Export manufacturing under the bond scheme.

Section – C

III. Answer any seven of the following questions in 10-12 sentences. Each question carries 4 marks: ( 7 × 4 = 28 )

Question 25.
Explain briefly the different types of manufacturing industries.
Answer:
The various types of industries are:
Primary industries: Primary industries refer to industries that are concerned with the production of goods mainly with the help of nature. Mining, agriculture, forestry, fishing, etc. are examples of primary industries. Primary industries can be classified as:

(a) Genetic industries: Genetic industries refer to those activities which are undertaken for reproducing or multiplying plants and animals with the object of making a profit from their sales. Example: Nurseries raising seedlings and plants, cattle breeding, poultry fanning, etc.

(b) Extractive industries: Extractive industries refer to those activities which are concerned with the extraction or production of wealth from the soil, air, water, or from beneath the surface of the earth. Example: Agriculture, mining, fishing, forestry, hunting, fruit gathering, etc.

Secondary industries: Secondary industries refer to industries where human labor plays a more important role than nature. Secondary industries can be classified into:
(a) Manufacturing industries: Manufacturing industries refer to activities concerned with the conversion of raw materials or semi-finished goods into finished goods.

Example: Conversion of raw cotton into cotton textiles; conversion of raw jute into jute products; production of sugar from sugarcane, etc. Manufacturing industries may be sub-divided into four types. They are:
1. Analytical industries: Analytical industries refer to those manufacturing industries which produce many types of products by analyzing, i.e. separating, the same basic raw materials into different products. Example: In oil refining, the same crude oil is analyzed or separated into different products like petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, lubricating oil, etc.

2. Synthetic industries: Synthetic industries refer to all those manufacturing industries where various materials are combined together in the manufacturing process to manufacture a new product. Example: The cement industry is a synthetic industry, in the sense that cement is produced by combining many materials, such as gypsum, coal, etc.

3. Processing industries: Processing industries refer to those manufacturing industries where different components are processed through different processes into a finished product. The Paper industry, textile industry, etc. are examples of processing industries.

4. Assembling industries: Assembling industries refer to those manufacturing industries where different component parts already manufactured are assembled into final products. The automobile industry is an example of assembling industries.

(b) Construction industries: Construction industries refer to those activities which are concerned with the creation of infrastructure necessary for economic development. In other words, they refer to those who are concerned with the construction of buildings, roads, bridges, railway lines, dams canals, etc.

Tertiary industries: Tertiary industries refer to industries that provide support services to primary and secondary industries and also to activities relating to trade. These days, services also are regarded as industries and are called tertiary industries. These industries are regarded as part of commerce, i.e. as auxiliaries to trade.

Question 26.
Briefly explain any four features of Global Enterprises.
Answer:
Features:
(a) huge capital resources: These enterprises are characterized by possessing huge financial resources and the ability to raise funds from different sources. Because of their financial strength, they are able to survive under all circumstances.

(b) Foreign collaboration: Global enterprises usually enter into agreements with Indian companies pertaining to the sale of technology, production of goods, use of brand names for the final products, etc.

(c) Advanced technology: These enterprises possess technological superiorities in their methods of production. They are able to conform to international standards and quality specifications. This leads to the industrial progress of the country.

(d) Product innovation:’These enterprises are characterized by having highly sophisticated research and development departments engaged in the task of developing new products and superior designs of existing products.

Question 27.
Briefly explain any four functions of warehousing.
Answer:
Usually, goods are not sold or consumed immediately after production. They are held in stock to be available as and when required. A special arrangement must be made for the storage of goods to prevent loss or damage. Warehousing helps business firms to overcome the problem of storage and facilitates the availability of goods when needed.

Functions of Warehousing
(a) Consolidation: The warehouse receives and consolidates materials/goods from different production plants and dispatches the same to a particular customer on a single transportation shipment.

(b) Break the Bulk: The warehouse divides the bulk quantity of goods received from the production plants into smaller quantities and then transported according to the requirements of clients to their places of business.

(c) Stock Piling Goods or Raw Materials which are not required immediately for sale or manufacturing are stored in warehouses to be made available to business depending on customers’ demand. This type of warehouse is also known as the storehouse of surplus goods.

(d) Value Added Services: Provision of value-added «services such as in transit mixing, packaging, and labeling is also a function of modern warehousing.

(e) Price Stabilization: Warehousing performs the function of stabilizing prices by adjusting the supply of goods according to demand. Financing warehouse owners provide loans to the owners on the security of goods and further supply goods on credit terms to customers. The warehouse keepers issue a receipt when goods are kept in the warehouse. This receipt can be used as security to get loans from banks and owners. In this way, it also helps in financing.

Question 28.
Explain briefly the steps involved in online transactions.
Answer:
The following steps are involved in online trading:
(a) Registration: Before online shopping, one has to register with the online vendor by filling- up a registration form. Registration means that you have an ‘account’ with the online vendor. Among various details that need to be filled in is a ‘password’ as the sections relating to your ‘account’.

(b) Selection of product: The buyer should select the product from the menu given on the website. For this purpose, the buyer might have to visit the website of two or more vendors and compare price and quantity.

(c) Placing an order: While browsing the website, the buyer should drop the selected item in his shopping cart. Once the products are selected and the order is placed sales take place.

(d) Payment mechanism: When the sale takes place, the buyer should give his payment option. The payment can be made in any one of the following ways:
(a) Cash-on-Delivery (COD): As is clear from the name, payment for the goods ordered online may be made in cash at the time of physical delivery of goods.

(b) Cheque: The buyer may send a cheque to the online vendor. In this case, the goods are delivered upon realization of the cheque.

(c) Net-banking transfer: The buyer may instruct his bank to electronically transfer the amount from his account to the account of the online vendor.

(d) Debit card or credit card: Popularly refêrred to as ‘plastic money,’ these cards are the most widely used medium for online transactions.

A credit card allows its holder to make purchases on credit. Later the issuing bank transfers the amount to the online vendor’s account and the buyer’s account is debited.
A debit card allows its holder to make purchases up to a specified amount. The amount is deducted electronically as and when the purchase is made.

(e) Digital cash: This is a form of electronic currency that exists only in cyberspace. This type of currency has no real physical properties but offers the ability to use real currency in an electronic format.

Question 29.
Explain the social responsibility of business towards.
(a) Shareholders
(b) Consumers
Answer:
Social responsibility of business towards shareholders:
(a) A fair rate of dividend should be regularly paid by the business enterprises to their owners.
(b) Management techniques should be effective and efficient so that the net present value of the business is maximized.
(c) Owners should be given the right to participate in the affairs of the enterprise.
(d) The tendency towards the growth of ‘Oligarchic management’ should be arrested.
(e) The owners should be given the full information regarding the working of the company. In other words, accurate and comprehensive reports have to be supplied.
(f) Financial information has to be disclosed and doubts, have to be clarified.
(g) Chairman and directors of the company should be easily accessible to the owner.

Social responsibility of business towards consumer:
(a) Ensuring availability of products in the right quantity, at the right place, and at the right time.
(b) Maintaining the quality of the goods, increasing the quality to the maximum extent so as to compete with any international product.
(e) Charging reasonable prices to its products.
(d) Correct weights and measures have to be used.
(e) The company must provide after-sale service for maintenance of goods.
(f) The business firms should avoid restrictive trade practices and see that full justice is done to the amount that is spent by a consumer.
(g) Constant investigation and discovery of growing wants of consumers, giving importance to research and development of new products that satisfy their wants.
(h) Taking all such measures which promote consumer satisfaction, interest, and welfare.

Question 30.
Explain briefly any four clauses of the Memorandum of Association.
Answer:
(a) Name Clause: It contains the name by which the company will be established. The approval of the proposed name is taken in advance from the Registrar of the companies.

(b) Objects Clause: It contains a detailed description of the objects and rights of the company, for which it is being established. A company can undertake only those activities which are mentioned in the objects clause of its memorandum.

(c) Capital Clause: It contains the proposed authorized capital of the company. It gives the classification of the authorized capital into various types of shares, (like equity and preference shares) with their numbers and nominal value. A company is not allowed to raise more capital than the amount mentioned as its authorized capital. However, the company is permitted to alter this clause as per the guidelines prescribed by the Companies Act.

(d) Liability Clause: It contains financial limits up to which the shareholders are liable to pay off to the outsiders in the event of the company being dissolved or closed down.

Question 31.
Explain briefly the financial needs of a business.
Answer:
(a) To purchase fixed assets: Every type of business needs some fixed assets like land and building, furniture, machinery, etc. A large amount of money is required for the purchase of these assets.
(b) To meet day-to-day expenses: After the establishment of a business, funds are needed to carry out day-to-day operations.
(c) To fund business growth: Growth of business may include expansion of the existing line of business as well as adding new lines. To finance such, growth, one needs more funds.
(d) To bridge the time gap between production and sales: The amount spent on production is realized only when sales are made. Normally, there is a time gap between production and sales and also between sales and realization of cash. Hence during this interval, expenses continue to be incurred, for which funds are required.
(e) To meet contingencies: Funds are always required to meet the ups and downs of business and for some unforeseen problems.

Question 32.
Explain the merits of lease financing as a source of business finance.
Answer:
Merits of lease financing
(a) A lease arrangement may impose certain restrictions on the use of assets. For example, it may not allow the lessee to make any alteration or modification in the asset.
(b) The normal business operations may be affected in case the lease is not renewed.
(c) It may result in higher payout obligation in case the equipment is not found useful and the lessee opts for premature termination of the lease agreement.
(d) The lessee never becomes the owner of the asset. It deprives him of the residual value of the asset.

Limitations
(a) It enables the lessee to acquire the asset with a lower investment.
(b) Simple documentation makes it easier to finance assets.
(c) Lease rentals paid by the lessee are deductible for computing taxable profits.
(d) It provides finance without diluting the ownership or control of the business.
(e) The lease agreement does not affect the debt-raising capacity of an enterprise.
(f) The risk of obsolescence is borne by the lesser. This allows greater flexibility for the lessee to replace the asset.

Question 33.
Explain any four ways to fund starts up’s.
Answer:
The funding for startups can also be availed in the following ways:
(a) Bootstrapping: Commonly known as self-financing it is considered as the first funding option because by stretching out your personal savings and resources.

(b) Angel Investment: Angel investors are individuals with surplus cash who have a keen interest to invest in upcoming startups.

(d) Crowdfunding: It is the pooling of resources by a group of people for a common goal.

Question 34.
Explain briefly any four services of retailers to manufactures and wholesalers.
Answer:
Retailers services towards manufacture are:
(a) Help in the distribution of goods: A retailer’s most important service to the wholesalers and manufacturers is to provide help in the distribution of their products by making these available to the final consumers.

(b) Enabling large-scale operations: On account of the retailer’s services, the manufacturers and wholesalers are freed from the botheration of making individual sales to consumers in small quantities. This enables them to operate at a relatively large scale, and thereby fully concentrate on their other activities.

(c) Collecting market information: As retailers remain in direct and constant touch with the buyers, they serve as an important source of collecting market information about the tastes, preferences, and attitudes of customers. Such information is considered very useful in making important marketing decisions in an organization.

(d) Help in promotion: From time to time, manufacturers and distributors have to carry on various promotional âctivities in order to increase the sale of their products. For example, they have to advertise their products and offer short-term incentives in the form of coupons, free gifts, sales contests, and so on. Retailers participate în these activities in various ways and, thereby, help in promoting the sale of the products.

Section – D

IV. Answer any four of the following questions in 20-25 sentences each. Each question carries 8 marks: ( 4 × 8 = 32 )

Question 35.
Explain any four merits and four demerits of sole proprietorship form of business organization.
Answer:
Advantages of Sole Proprietorship:
(a) Quick decision making: A sole proprietor enjoys a considerable degree of freedom in making business decisions. Further, the decision-making is prompt because there is no need to consult others.

(b) Confidentiality of information: Sole decision-making authority enables the proprietor to keep all the information related to business operations confidential and maintain secrecy.

(c) Direct incentive: The need to share profits does not arise as he/she is the single owner. This provides a maximum incentive to the sole trader to work hard.

(d) Sense of accomplishment: There is a personal satisfaction involved in working for oneself. The knowledge that one is responsible for the success of the business not only contributes to self-satisfaction but also instills in the individual a sense of accomplishment and confidence in one’s abilities.

Limitations of a sole proprietorship:
(a) Limited resources: Resources of a sole proprietor are limited to his/her personal savings and borrowings from others. Banks and other lending institutions may hesitate to extend a long-term loan to a sole proprietor.

(b) Limited life of a business concern: In the eyes of the law, the proprietorship and the owner are considered one and the same. Death, insolvency, or illness of a proprietor affects the business and can lead to its closure.

(c) Unlimited liability: If the business fails, the creditors can recover their dues not merely from the business assets, but also from the personal assets of the proprietor. A poor decision or an unfavorable circumstance can create a serious financial burden on the owners.

(d) Limited managerial ability: The owner has to assume the responsibility of varied managerial tasks such as purchasing, selling, financing, etc. It is rare to find an individual who excels in all these areas. Thus, decision-making may not be balanced in all cases.

(e) Competition of big industries: Nowadays in a modem world demands are more. To full fill, those numerous demands big industries were formed. By producing goods on large scale, supply them at low rates and also provide another number of facilities. As such sole trading concern is unable to complete with them.

Question 36.
Explain the features of a joint-stock company.
Answer:
(a) Artificial person: Just like an individual, who takes birth, grows, enters into relationships, and dies, a joint-stock company takes birth, grows, enters into relationships, and dies. However, it is called an artificial person as to its birth, existence, and death are regulated by law arid it does not possess phýsical attributes like that of a normal person.

Question 37.
Explain the principles of Insurance.
Answer:
(a) Principle of Utmost Good Faith: According to this principle, the insurance contract must be signed by both parties (i.e. insurer and insured) in absolute good faith or belief or trust. The person getting insured must willingly disclose and surrender to the insurer his complete true information regarding the subject matter of insurance.

Example: If any person has taken a life insurance policy by hiding the fact that he is a cancer patient and later on if he dies because of cancer then the Insurance Company can refuse to pay the compensation as the fact was hidden by the insured.

(b) Principle of Insurable Interest: As per this principle, the insured must have an insurable interest in the subject matter of insurance. It means the insured should gain by the existence or safety and lose by the destruction of the subject matter of insurance.

Example: If a person has taken the loan against the security of factory premises then the lender can take the fire insurance policy of that factory without being the owner of the factory because he has a financial interest in the factory premises.

(c) Principle of Indemnity: According to the principle of indemnity, an insurance contract is signed only for getting protection against unpredicted financial losses arising due to future uncertainties. The insurance contract is not made for making a profit else its sole purpose is to give compensation in case of any damage or loss.

Example: A person insured a car for 5 lakhs against damage or an accident case. Due to the accident he suffered a loss of 3 lakhs, then the insurance company will compensate him 3 lakhs not only the policy amount i.e. but 5 lakhs as the purpose behind it is also to compensate not to make a profit.

(d) Principle of Contribution: According to this principle, the insured can claim the compensation only to the extent of actual loss either from all insurers in a proportion or from any one insurer.

Examp1e A person gets his house insured against fire for 50,000 with insurer A and for 25,000 with insurer B. A loss of 37,500 occurred. Then A is liable to pay 25,000 and. B’s is liable to pay 12,500.

(e) Principle of Subrogation: According to the principle of subrogation, when the insured is compensated for the losses due to damage to his insured property, then the ownership right of such property shifts to the insurer.

Example: If a person receives Rs. I lakh for his or her damaged stock, then the ownership of the stock will be transferred to the insurance company and the person will hold no control over the stock.

(f) Principle of Mitigation of Loss: According to the Principle of mitigation of loss, the insured must always try his level best to minimize the loss of his insured property, in case of uncertain events like a fire outbreak or blast, etc. The insured must not neglect and behave irresponsibly during such events just because the property is insured.

Example: If a person has insured his house against re, then, in case of fire, he or she should take all possible measures to minimize the damage to the property exactly in the manner he or she would have done in absence of the insurance:

(g) Principle of Causa Proxima: Principle of Causa Proxima (a Latin phrase), or in simple English words, the Principle of Proximate (i.e. Nearest) Cause, means when a loss is caused by more than one causes, the proximate or the nearest cause should be taken into consideration to decide the liability of the insurer.

Example: If an individual suffers a loss in a fire accident, then this should already be a part of the contract in order for this person to claim the insurance amount.

Question 38.
Explain the merits and limitations of preference shares as a source of finance.
Answer:
Merits
(a) Preference shares provide reasonably steady income in the form of fixed rate of return and safety of the investment.
(b) Preference shares are useful for those investors who want a fixed rate of return with comparatively low risk.
(c) It does not affect the control of equity shareholders over the management as preference shareholders don’t have voting rights.
(d) Payment of fixed rate of dividend to preference shares may enable a company to declare higher rates of dividend for the equity shareholders in good times.
(e) Preference shareholders have a preferential right of repayment over equity shareholders in the event of liquidation of a company.

Demerits
(a) Preference shares are not suitable for those investors who are willing to take risks and are interested in higher returns.
(b) Preference capital dilutes the claims of equity shareholders over assets of the company.
(c) The rate of dividend on preference shares is generally higher than the rate of interest on debentures.
(d) As the dividend on these shares is to be paid only when the company earns profit, there is no assured return for the investors. Thus, these shares may not be very attractive to investors.
(e) The dividend paid is not deductible from profits as an expense. Thus, there is no tax saving as in the case of interest on loans.

Question 39.
Explain the role of commerce and industry associations in the promotion of internal trade.
Answer:
(a) Transportation or interstate movement of goods: The Chambers of Commerce and Industry help in many activities concerning the interstate movement of goods which includes registration of vehicles, surface transport policies, construction of highways and roads.

(b) Marketing of agro products and related issues: The associations of agriculturists and other federations play an important role in the marketing of agro products. Streamlining of local subsidies and marketing policies of organizations selling agro products are some of the areas where the Chambers of Commerce and Industry can really intervene and interact with concerned agencies like farming cooperatives.

(c) Weights and measures and prevention of duplication brands: Laws relating to weights and Measures and protection of brands are necessary to protect the interest of the consumers as well as the traders. They need to be enforced strictly. The Chambers of Commerce and Industry interact with the government to formulate such laws and take action against those who violate rules and regulations.

(d) Promoting sound infrastructure: A sound infrastructure like road, port, electricity, railways, etc. plays a catalytic role in promoting trade. The Chambers of Commerce and Industry in collaboration with the government needs to take up heavy investment projects.

(e) Labour legislation: A simple and flexible labor legislation is helpfùl in running industries, maximizing production, and generating employment. The Chambers of Commerce and Industry and the government are constantly interacting on issues like labor laws, retrenchment, etc.

(f) Octroi and other local levies: Octroi and local taxes are the important sources of revenue of the local government. These are collected on the goods and from people entering the state or the municipal limits. The government and Chambers of Commerce should ensure that their imposition is not at the cost of smooth transportation and local trade.

(g) Harmonisation of sales tax structure and value-added tax: The Chambers of Commerce and Industry play an important role in interacting with the government to harmonize the sales tax structure in different states.

(h) Excise duty: Central excise is the chief source of the government revenue levied across states by the central government. The excise policy plays an important role in the pricing mechanism and hence the associations need to interact with the government to ensure streamlining of excise duties.

Section – E (PRACTICAL ORIENTED QUESTIONS)

V. Answer any two of the following questions: ( 2 × 5 = 10 )

Question 41.
You are planning to start a new business. Make a list of any five factors you consider while selecting a suitable form of business organization.
Answer:
The five-factor that should be considered while selecting a suitable form of business organization are:
(a) Cost
(b) Liability
(c) Continuity
(d) Management ability
(e) Degree of control
(f) Capital consideration
(g) Nature of business.

Question 42.
As a businessman having concern for environmental protection. Suggest any five measures to control environmental pollution.
Answer:
Five measures to control environmental pollution are:
(a) Definite commitment by top management of the enterprise to create, maintain and develop work culture for environmental protection and pollution prevention.
(b) Complying with laws and regulations enacted by the government for the prevention of pollution.
(c) Participation in government programs relating to the management of hazardous substances, plantation of trees, and checking deforestation.
(d) Ensuring that commitment to environmental protection is shared throughout the enterprise by all divisions and employees.
(e) Arranging educational workshops and training materials to share technical information and experience with suppliers, dealers, and customers to get them actively involved in pollution control programs.

Question 43.
Being a consumer, name the types of large fixed retail shops.
Answer:
The types of large fixed retail shops:
(a) Departmental stores
(b) Chain stores
(e) Consumer cooperative stores
(d) Supermarket
(e) Mail order houses.

1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Paper 6 with Answers

August 4, 2021

Students can Download 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Paper 6 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Papers with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Paper 6 with Answers

Time: 3.15 Hours
Max Marks: 100

Instructions to candidates:

Write the serial number of questions properly as given in the question paper while answering
Write the correct and complete answers.

Section – A

Question 1.
State a branch of commerce.
Answer:
The Branch of Commerce are:
(a) Industry
(b) Commerce

Question 2.
Name the form of business organization that is found only in India.
Answer:
Hindu undivided family business.

Question 3.
Mention any two forms of organizing public sector enterprises.
Answer:
The two types of form of organizing public sector enterprises are:
(a) Departmental undertaking.
(b) Statutory corporation. ,

Question 4.
Mention any one function of Insurance.
Answer:
Risk sharing.

Question 5.
What is B2B?
Answer:
B2B is a Business-To-Business Model in which transactions are done between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer.

Question 6.
e-Commerce does not include
(a) A business’s interactions with its suppliers
(b) A business’s interactions with its customers
(c) Interactions among the various departments within the business
(d) Interactions among the geographically .dispersed units of the business.
Answer:
(c) Interactions among the various departments within the business.

Question 7.
Mention any one element of business ethics.
Answer:
Top management’s commitment is one element of business ethics.

Question 8.
How many members have to sign a memorandum of Association in the case of a private company?
Answer:
2 members have to sign a memorandum of association in case of a private company.

Question 9.
What is business finance?
Answer:
An activity of business covered with the acquisition and conservation of capital funds in meeting the financial needs and overall objectives of the business.

Question 10.
Centralized control in MNCs implies control exercised by
(a) Branches
(b) Subsidiaries
(c) Headquarters
(d) Parliament
Answer:
(c) Headquarters

Question 11.
Expand KVIC.
Answer:
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC).

Question 12.
Reconstruction of sick public sector units is taken up by
(a) MOFA
(b) MoU
(c) BIFR
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) BIFR

Section – B

II. Answer any ten of the following questions in two or three sentences each. Each question carries 2 marks: ( 10 × 2 = 20 )

Question 13.
State any two objectives of the business.
Answer:
Objectives of business are:
(a) Economic objectives, i.e. earning profits.
(b) Social objectives, i.e. providing employment.

Question 14.
Give the meaning of partnership deed.
Answer:
The written agreement which specifies the terms and conditions that govern the partnership is called the partnership deed.

Question 15.
What is disinvestment in PSEs?
Answer:
The Government can sell its enterprises completely to the private sector or disinvest a part of its equity capital held by it to the private sector companies or in the open market is called disinvestment in PSEs.

Question 16.
Mention any two types of Banks.
Answer:
Commercial Banks and Co-operative Bank.

Question 17.
State any two benefits of e-business.
Answer:
Two benefits of e-business are:
(a) Global reach/access
(b) Convenience

Question 18.
State any two elements of business ethics.
Answer:
The elements of business ethics are:
(a) Publication of a code.
(b) Top management’s commitment.

Question 19.
Give the meaning of minimum subscription.
Answer:
In order to prevent companies from commencing business with inadequate resources, it has been provided that the company must receive applications for a certain minimum number of shares before going ahead with the allotment of shares. According to the Companies Act, this is called the minimum subscription’.

Question 20.
What do you mean by the fixed capital requirement of a business?
Answer:
The funds are required to purchase fixed assets like land and building, plant and machinery, etc. in order to start a business.

Question 21.
State any two parameters used to measure the size of the business.
Answer:
Several parameters can be used to measure the size of business units. These include the number of persons employed in business, capital invested in the business, the volume of output or value of the output of the business, and power consumed for business activities’.

Question 22.
Give the meaning of multiple shops.
Answer:
These are large-scale retail shops where they sell a similar range of commodities at the same price in all their shops. These shops are usually owned and run by big manufacturers/producers.

Question 23.
Define international business.
Answer:
According to Michael R. Czinkota, “International business consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy the objectives of the individuals, companies, and organizations”. These transactions take on various forms which are often interrelated.

Question 24.
Give the meaning of proforma invoice.
Answer:
A proforma invoice is a document that contains details as to the quality, grade, design, size, weight, and price of the export product, and the terms and conditions on which their export will take place.

Section – C

III. Answer any seven of the following questions in 10-12 sentences. Each question carries 4 marks: ( 7 × 4 = 28 )

Question 25.
Explain the causes of business risk.
Answer:
(a) Natural causes: There are certain natural factors like floods, earthquakes, etc. that can damage the business. Nature is uncontrollable, so any loss due to natural calamities is unavoidable.

(b) Competition: When a business has strong competitors in the market and the manufacture indulges in cutthroat competition by cutting down the price of the goods or by producing the cheap quality of the product, which is a great hazard for business.

(c) Change in demand for the product: Consumer’s taste and preferences; will keep on changing. These changes result in changes in demand for the products. This leads to business loss.

(d) Use of modern technology: If a company is financially strong, and uses modem technology for production, per unit cost of production of goods decreases. For small business units, it is not possible to do so. It makes small business units suffer.

(e) Human causes: Businesses may also suffer due to man-made causes such as theft, forgery, lavish expenditure of top management, embezzlement of cash, etc. which leads to business loss.

(f) Change in government policies: Government policies are unavoidable for business. If a sudden change comes in monetary and fiscal policies of the government which is not favour¬able for business will lead to business loss.

(g) Mismanagement: Sometimes management is not capable to run the business due to the important use of business risk. Due to improper planning, lack of attainment of planned objectives increases the risk. All these can lead to bad cash flow, an increase in per-unit cost, etc.

Question 26.
State any four features of departmental undertakings.
Answer:

Formation: These enterprises are established as departments of the ministry and are considered part or an extension of the ministry itself.
Control: The administration of these undertakings is directly under the control of the concerned ministry or minister.
Capital: The required capital is provided by the government in the annual budget.
Income: The income of these departments should be deposited daily into the government treasury.
Management: The employees of the enterprise are Government servants and they are headed by Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers and civil servants who are transferable from one ministry to another.

Question 27.
State any four benefits of a statutory corporation
Answer:
The benefits of the statutory corporation are:
(a) They enjoy independence in their functioning and a high degree of operational flexibility. They are free from undesirable government regulation and control.
(b) Since the funds of these organizations do not come from the central budget, the government generally does not interfere in their financial matters, including their income and receipts.
(c) Since they are autonomous organizations they frame their own policies and procedures within the powers assigned to them by the Act. The Act may, however, provide a few issues/ matters which require prior approval of a particular ministry.
(d) A statutory corporation is a valuable instrument for economic development. It has the power of the government, combined with the initiative of private enterprises.

Question 28.
Briefly explain the scope of e-business.
Answer:
The scope of e-business:

B2B Business-To-Business: B2B is a Business-To-Business Model in which transactions are done between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer.
B2C Business-To-Customer: B2C is Business-To-Customer in which Business transactions are conducted directly between a company and consumers who are the end-users of its products or services.
C2C Customer-To-Customer: Consumer-To-Consumer is a business model that facilitates the transaction of products or services between customers.
Intra-B Commerce: If parties involved in the electronic transactions are from within a business firm, then it is known as intra-B commerce.

Question 29.
State any four arguments for social responsibility.
Answer:
The arguments for social responsibilities are:
(a) Public Image: The activities of business towards the welfare of the society earn goodwill and reputation for the business. The earnings of a business also depend upon the public image of its activities. People prefer to buy products from a company that engages itself in various social welfare programs.

(b) Government Regulation: To avoid government regulations businessmen should discharge their duties voluntarily. For example, if any business firm pollutes the environment it will naturally come under strict government regulation, which may ultimately force the firm to close down its business. Instead, the business firm should engage itself in maintaining a pollution-free environment.

(c) Survival and Growth: Every business is a part of society. So for its survival and growth, support from society is very much essential. The business utilizes the available resources like power, water, land, roads, etc. of the society. So it should be the responsi¬bility of every business to spend a part of its profit for the welfare of society.

(d) Employee Satisfaction: Besides getting a good salary and working in a healthy atmosphere, employees also expect other facilities like proper accommodation, transportation, education, and training. Employers should try to fulfill all the expectations of the employees because employee satisfaction is directly related to productivity.

Question 30.
Explain any four clauses of the memorandum of association.
Answer:
(a) Name Clause: It contains the name by which the company will be established. The approval of the proposed name is taken in advance from the Registrar of the companies.

(c) Capital Clause: It contains the proposed authorized capital of the company. It gives the classification of the authorized capital into various types of shares, (like equity and pref¬erence shares) with their numbers and nominal value. A company is not allowed to raise more capital than the amount mentioned as its authorized capital. However, the company is permitted to alter this clause as per the guidelines prescribed by the Companies Act.

(d) Liability Clause: It contains a financial limit up to which the shareholders are liable to pay off to the outsiders in the event of the company being dissolved or closed down.

Question 31.
Explain the financial needs of a business.
Answer:
(a) To purchase fixed assets: Every type of business needs some fixed assets like land and building, furniture, machinery, etc. A large amount of money is required for the purchase of these assets.
(b) To meet day-to-day expenses: After the establishment of a business, funds are needed to carry out day-to-day operations.
(c) To fund business growth: Growth of business may include expansion, of existing line’ of business as well as adding new lines. To finance such growth, one needs more funds.
(d) To bridge the time gap between production and sales: The amount spent on production is realized only when sales are made. Normally, there is a time gap between production and sales and also between sales and realization of cash. Hence during this interval, expenses continue to be incurred, for which funds are required.
(e) To meet contingencies: Funds are always required to meet the ups and downs of business and for pome unforeseen problems.

Question 32.
Explain the merits of retained earnings as a source of business finance.
Answer:
(a) Retained earnings are a permanent source of funds available to an organization.
(b) It does not involve any explicit cost in the form of interest, dividend, or floatation cost.
(c) As the funds are generated internally, there is a greater degree of operational freedom and flexibility
(d) It enhances the capacity of the business to absorb unexpected losses
(e) It may lead to an increase in the market price of the equity shares of a company.

Question 33.
Briefly explain the categories of enterprises as classified by MSMED Act, 2006.
Answer:
Small scale industry: A small-scale industrial undertaking is defined as one in which the investment in fixed assets of plant and machinery does not exceed rupees one crore.

Ancillary industry: The small-scale industry can enjoy the status of an ancillary small industry if it supplies not less than 50 percent of its production to another industry, referred to as the parent unit.

Export-oriented units: The small-scale industry can enjoy the status of an export-oriented unit if it exports more than 50 percent of its production.

Small scale industries owned and managed by women entrepreneurs: An enterprise pro¬moted by women entrepreneurs’ is a small scale industrial unit in which she/they individually or jointly have a share capital of not less than 51 percent.

Tiny industrial units: A tiny unit is defined as an industrial or business enterprise whose in¬vestment in plant and machinery is not more than Rs. 25 lakhs.

Small scale service and business enterprises: A small scale service and business enterprise are one whose investment in fixed assets of plant and machinery excluding land and building does not exceed Rs. 10 lakhs.

Microbusiness enterprises: Within the tiny and small business sector, micro-enterprises are those whose investment in plant and machinery does not exceed rupees one lakh.

Village industry: Village Industry has been defined as any industry located in a rural area that produces any goods, renders any service with or without the use of power, and in which the fixed capital investment per head or artisan or worker does not exceed Rs. 50,000

Question 34.
Explain any four services of wholesalers to the manufacturer.
Answer:
Wholesalers services to producers are:
(a) Facilitating large-scale production: Wholesalers collect small orders from a number of retailers and pass on the pool of such orders to manufacturers and make purchases in bulk quantities. This enables the producers to undertake production on a large scale.

(b) Bearing risk: The wholesale merchants deal in goods in their own name, take delivery of the goods and keep the goods purchased in large lots in their warehouses. In the process, they bear lots of risks such as the risk of fall in prices, theft, pilferage, spoilage, fire, etc.

(c) Financial assistance: The wholesalers provide financial assistance to the manufacturers in the sense that they generally make cash payments for the goods purchased by them. To that extent, the manufacturers need not block their capital in the stocks.

(d) Expert advice: As the wholesalers are in direct contact with the retailers, they are in a position to advise the manufacturers about various aspects including customer’s tastes and preferences, market conditions, competitive activities, and the features preferred by the buyers.

Section – D

IV. Answer any four of the following questions in 20-25 sentences each. Each question carries 8 marks: ( 4 × 8 = 32 )

Question 35.
Explain the features of Sole Proprietorship.
Answer:
(a) Easy formation and closure: The process of forming a sole trading concern does not require any legal formalities such as registration. Hence it can be easily formed, saves time, money, and effort information. Closure of the business can also be done easily as it does not require any legal formalities. Thus, there is easy information as well as the closure of business.

(b) Liability: The liability of a sole trader is unlimited. Hence for business debts, not only his business assets but also his private assets become liable.

(c) No sharing of profit and risk: The sole trader enjoys all the profits of the enterprise and similarly bears all the losses or risks involved in the business.

(d) Free from government regulation: The sole trading concern is not required to undergo any special legislation of legal formalities.

(e) Easy formation: The process of forming a sole trading concern does not require any legal formalities such as registration. Hence it can be easily formed, saves time, money, and effort information.

(f) Quick decision making: As the sole proprietor is not answerable to anyone, he can take quick and prompt business decisions while managing the affairs of the organization.

(g) Business secrecy: A sole trader can maintain business secrecy and can fully exploit new ideas that come to his mind.

(h) Personal contact with customers: A sole trader can establish personal contact with his customers which helps him to maintain good relations with them and also to look into their individual choices, like, and dislike.

Question 36.
What are services? Explain their distinct characteristics.
Answer:
A service is any activity of benefit that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and doesn’t result in the ownership of anything. Its production may or may not be tied to a physical product.
(a) Intangibility: Services are intangible we cannot touch them are not physical objects. A consumer feels that he has the right and opportunity to see, touch, hear, smell or taste the goods before they buy them. This is not applicable to services. The buyer does not have an opportunity to touch smell and taste the services. While selling or promoting a service one has to concentrate on the satisfaction and benefit.

(b) Perishability: Services are deeds, performance, or acts whose consumption takes place simultaneously hence services cannot be stored, saved, returned, or resold once they have been used. Once rendered to a customer the service is completely consumed and cannot be delivered to another customer.

(c) Heterogeneity: Services are highly variable, as they depend on the service provider, and where and when they are provided. Service marketers face a problem in standardizing their service, as it varies with an experienced hand, customer, time, and firm. Service buyers are aware of this variability. So, the service firms should make an effort to deliver high and consistent quality in their service.

(d) Inseparability or Simultaneous Production and Consumption: Services are typically produced and consumed simultaneously. In the case of physical goods, they are manufactured into products, distributed through multiple resellers, and consumed later. But, in the case of services, it cannot be separated from the service provider. Thus, the service provider would become a part of a service.

(e) Lack of ownership: Lack of ownership is a basic difference between the service industry and a product industry because a customer may only have access to or use a facility but does not have any rights to secure ownership of the service. Payment is for the use of, access to, or hires of items.

Question 37.
Write a detailed note on various facilities offered by the Indian Postal Department.
Answer:
The postal services can be classified into two types:
(a) Mail services
(b) Financial services

Mail Services: Indian postal services are mainly concerned with the collection, sorting, and distribution of letters, parcels, packets, etc. Besides, a number of other services are also provided to the general public as well as business enterprises:
(a) Speed Post: Under this service, letters, documents and parcels are delivered faster, i.e., within a fixed time frame. This facility is available at specific post offices.

(b) Registered Post: To ensure that our mail is definitely delivered to the addressee otherwise it should come back to us. In such situations, the post office offers a registered post facility through which we can send our letters and parcels.

(c) Value Payable Post (VPP): The value payable system is designed to meet the requirements of persons who wish to pay for articles sent to them at the time of receipt of the articles or of the bills relating to them, and also to meet the requirements of traders and others who wish to recover, through the agency of the Post Office the value of article supplied by them.

(d) Electronic Money Order (EMO): EMO is the Money Order issued by the computerized Post Office for the payment of a sum of money to the “Payee” by the “Remitter” electronically. Data is transmitted electronically to the destination Post Office. Money is paid at the doorstep of the Payee by cash. The receiver has to submit identity proof.

(e) Instant Money Order (IMO): IMO is an instant web-based money transfer service through Post Offices (IMO Centre) in India between two resident individuals in the Indian Territory. The receiver has submitted 16 digit code as well as identity proof.

(f) E-Post: E-Post sends messages as a soft copy through the internet and at the destination, it will be delivered to the addressee in the form of a hard copy.

(g) Express Parcel Service: Express parcel is the ideal service for sending the parcel up to 3 5 kg within India. It is a service where the parcel will be picked from the doorstep of the customer and delivered to the doorstep of the receiver.

(h) Electronic Mail Service: Electronic mail is a method of exchanging messages from an author to one or more recipients.

Financial Services
(a) Public Provident Fund (PPF): Public Provident Fund (PPF) is a savings-cum tax-saving instrument in India. It also serves as a retirement-planning tool for many of those who do not have any structured pension plan covering them.

(b) Kisan Vikas Patra (KVP): Kisan Vikas Patra is a saving scheme that was announced by the Government of India that doubles the money invested in eight years and seven months.

(c) National Savings Certificate (NSC): National Savings Certificates popularly known as NSC is a saving bond, primarily used for small savings and income tax saving investments in India.

(d) Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS): The account may be opened by an individual:

Who has attained the age of 60 years or above on the date of opening of the account?
Who has attained the age 55 years or more but less than 60 years and has retired.

(e) Recurring Deposit account: In a recurring deposit account certain fixed amount is invested every month for a specified period and the total amount is repaid with interest at the end of the particular fixed period.

(f) Saving Bank Account: Saving bank account are introduced by the bank to mobilize small saving of low and middle-income group of people. The ‘saving account’ is generally opened in the bank by salaried persons or by persons who have a fixed regular income.

(g) Fixed deposit account: Fixed deposit means the money deposited by a customer with a bank for a fixed period of time for a fixed rate of interest. Fixed deposit is repayable on the expiry of a specified period of time.

Question 38.
What are retained earnings? Explain its merits and demerits.
Answer:
The company generally does not distribute all its earnings amongst the shareholders as dividends. A portion of the net earnings may be retained in the business for use in the future. This is known as retained earnings.

Merits:
(a) Retained earnings are a permanent source of funds available to an organization.
(b) It does not involve any explicit cost in the form of interest, dividend, or floatation cost.
(c) As the funds are generated internally, there is a greater degree of operational freedom and flexibility.
(d) It enhances the capacity of the business to absorb unexpected losses.
(e) It may lead to an increase in the market price of the equity shares of a company.

Demerits
(a) Excessive plowing back may cause dissatisfaction amongst the shareholders as they would get lower dividends.
(b) It is an uncertain source of funds as the profits of the business are fluctuating.
(c) The opportunity cost associated with these funds is not recognized by many firms. This may lead to sub-optimal use of the funds.

Question 39.
Who is a wholesaler? Explain services of wholesalers to the manufacturer.
Answer:
A wholesaler is an intermediary entity in the distribution channel that buys in bulk and sells to resellers rather than to consumers.
(a) Facilitating large-scale production: Wholesalers collect small orders from a number of retailers and pass on the pool of such orders to manufacturers and make purchases in bulk quantities. This enables the producers to undertake production on a large scale.

(e) Help in the marketing function: The wholesalers take care of the distribution of goods to a number of retailers who, in turn, sell to a large number of customers spread over a large geographical area. This relieves the manufacturers from marketing activities and enables them to concentrate on the production activity.

(f) Facilitate continuity: The wholesalers facilitate continuity of production activity throughout the year by purchasing the goods as and when they are produced.

(g) Storage: Wholesalers take delivery of goods when these are produced in a factory and keep them in their godowns. This reduces the burden of manufacturers of providing storage facilities for the finished products.

Question 40.
Explain the scope of international business.
Answer:
Merchandise exports and imports: Merchandise means goods that are tangible, i.e. those that can be seen and touched. When viewed from this perceptive, it is clear that while merchandise exports mean sending tangible goods abroad, merchandise imports mean bringing tangible goods from a foreign country to one’s own country.

Service exports and imports: Service exports and imports involve trade in intangibles. It is because of the intangible aspect of services that trade in services is also known as invisible trade. A wide variety of services are traded internationally and these include tourism and travel, boarding and lodging, etc.

Licensing and franchising: Permitting another party in a foreign country to produce and sell goods under your trademarks, patents, or copyrights in lieu of some fee is another way of en¬tering into international business.

Foreign investments: Foreign investment is another important form of international business. Foreign investment involves investments of funds abroad in exchange for financial return.

Foreign investment can be of two types:
(a) Direct investments: Direct investment provides the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company. This is otherwise known as Foreign Direct Investment, i.e., FDI.

(b) Portfolio investments: A portfolio investment, on the other hand, is an investment that a company makes into another company by the way of acquiring shares or providing loans to the latter and earns income by way of dividends or interest on loans.

Section – E (PRACTICAL ORIENTED QUESTIONS)

V. Answer any two of the following questions: ( 2 × 5 = 10 )

Question 41.
As the owner of a business unit, what risks do you face in running it?
Answer:
The risk faced by the owner while running a business unit are :
(a) Internal risk
(b) External risk
(c) Speculative risk
(d) Pure risk
(e) Static risk
(f) Dynamic risk
(g) Insurable risk
(h) Non-insurable risk

Question 42.
As an online buyer, mention any five information-intensive products that can be delivered electronically to your computer.
Answer:
The five information-intensive products that can be delivered electronically are:
(a) Electronic Products
(b) Home Appliances
(c) Books
(d) Cosmetics
(e) Daily needs.

Question 43.
Give a list of any five Institutions which support small businesses in India.
Answer:
Five institutions that support small businesses in India are :
(a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).
(b) National Small Industrial Corporation (NSIC).
(c) Small Industrial Development Bank of India (SIDBI).
(d) Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development (RWED).
(e) District Industries Centres (DICs).

1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Paper 5 with Answers

August 4, 2021

Students can Download 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Paper 5 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Papers with Answers helps you to revise the complete Karnataka State Board Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC Business Studies Model Question Paper 5 with Answers

Time: 3.15 Hours
Max Marks: 100

Instructions to candidates:

Write the serial number of questions properly as given in the question paper while answering
Write the correct and complete answers.

Section – A

Question 1.
Give an example for Genetic Industry.
Answer:
Seeds and nursery company, poultry farms.

Question 2.
The head of the Joint Hindu Family business is called
(a) Proprietor
(b) Director
(c) Karta
(d) Manager
Answer:
(c) Karta

Question 3.
Mention any one feature of Global Enterprise.
Answer:
Huge financial resources.

Question 4.State any one type of warehouse.
Answer:
Public warehouse.

Question 5
Expand BPO.
Answer:
Business Process Outsourcing.

Question 6.
‘A business enterprise must behave as a good citizen – is an example of its responsibility towards
(a) Owners
(b) Workers
(c) Consumers
(d) Community
Answer:
(d) Community.

Question 7.
Directors of which type of company have to subscribe qualification shares?
Answer:
Public company.

Question 8.
State any one type of Debentures.
Answer:
Convertible debentures.

Question 9.
In which year was the MSMED Act enacted?
Answer:
16 June 2006.

Question 10.
The goods not suitable for Mail Order Business is A
(a) Those which can be graded and standardized
(b) Those which can be transported at low cost
(c) Those which have ready demand in the market
(d) Those which are perishable and bulky
Answer:

(d) Those which are perishable and bulky

Question 11.
Give an example of a business organization that has entered into the international business through a franchising system.
Answer:
General motors.

Question 12.
Which of the following documents is not required in Import Procedure?
(a) Trade Enquiry
(b) Bill of Entry
(c) Import General Manifesto
(d) Certificate of Origin
Answer:
(d) Certificate of Origin

Section – B

II. Answer any ten of the following questions in two or three sentences each. Each question carries 2 marks: ( 10 × 2 = 20 )

Question 13.
State any two Auxiliaries to trade.
Answer:
(a) Banking and Finance
(b) Transport and Communication

Question 14.
Compare active partner with Partner by Estoppel.
Answer:

Active partners contribute capital whereas partner by estoppel does not contribute capital.
Active partners participate in management whereas partner by estoppel does not participate in management.

Question 15.
State any two merits of Departmental Undertakings.
Answer:
The two benefits of departmental undertakings are:
(a) These ensure a high degree of public accountability.
(b) The revenue earned by the enterprise goes directly to the treasury and hence is a source of income for the government.

Question 16.
Name any two types of Telecom Services.
Answer:
(a) Cellular mobile services
(b) Radio paging services.

Question 17.
Give the meaning of Cookies in online transactions.
Answer:
A cookie is an information that a website puts on your hard disk so that it can remember something about you at a later time. In other words, it is information for future use that is stored by the server on the client-side of a client/server communication.

Question 18.
State any two arguments for Social Responsibility of Business.
Answer:
The arguments for social responsibilities are:
(a) Public image: The activities of business towards the welfare of the society earn goodwill and reputation for the business. The earnings of a business also depend upon the public image of its activities.

(b) Government regulation: To avoid government regulations businessmen should discharge their duties voluntarily.

Question 19.
State any two important documents for the incorporation of a company.
Answer:
(a) Memorandum of Association.
(b) Articles of Association.

Question 20.
Who are the parties to a Lease Contract?
Answer:
Lessor and Lesser.

Question 21.
What is the meaning of Cottage Industries?
Answer:
Cottage industries are those industries that are organized by individuals using family labor indigenous technology, etc.

Question 22.
State any two types of Itinerant Retailers commonly seen in our country.
Answer:

Hawkers a and Peddlers.
Market traders.

Question 23.
State any two reasons for International Business.
Answer:

To earn higher profit.
To improve business vision.

Question 24.
Name any two Commodity Boards established by the Government of India.
Answer:
(a) Coffee Board.
(b) Rubber Board.

Section – C

III. Answer any seven of the following questions in 10-12 sentences. Each question carries 4 marks: ( 7 × 4 = 28 )

Question 25.
Explain briefly any four characteristics of Business.
Answer:
(a) An economic activity: Business is considered to be an economic activity because it is undertaken with the object of earning money or livelihood and not because of love, affection, sympathy, or any other sentimental reason.

(b) Dealings in goods and services on a regular basis: Business involves dealings in goods or services on a regular basis. One single transaction of sale or purchase does not constitute a business.

(c) Profit earning: One of the main purposes of business is to earn income by way of profit. ‘No business can survive for long without earning profit. That is why businessmen make all possible efforts to maximize profits, by increasing the volume of sales or reducing costs:

(d) Sale or exchange of goods and services: Directly or indirectly, business involves the transfer or exchange of goods and services for the value. If goods are produced not for the purpose of sale but say for internal consumption, it cannot be called a business activity.

Question 26.
State any two merits and two limitations of Statutory Corporations. ;
Answer:
The benefits of the statutory corporation are:
(a) They enjoy independence in their functioning and a high degree of operational flexibility. They are free from undesirable government regulation and control.

(b) Since the funds of these organizations do not come from the central budget, the government generally does not interfere in their financial matters, including their income and receipts.

(c) Since they are autonomous organizations they frame their own policies and procedures within the powers assigned to them by the Act. The act may, however, provide few issues! matters which require prior approval of a particular ministry.

(d) A statutory corporation is a valuable instrument for economic development. It has the power of the government, combined with the initiative of private enterprises.

Limitations:
(a) In reality, a statutory corporation does not enjoy as much operational flexibility as stated above. All actions are subject to many rules and regulations.
(b) Government and political interference has always been there in major decisions or where huge funds are involved.

Question 27.
What is e-banking? State the benefits of e-banking to banks.
Answer:
E-banking or Electronic banking means the conduct of banking operations through electronic means or devices such as computers, telephones, mobile phones, ATMs, etc.

Benefits of E-Banking Services:
(a) E-banking provides 24 hours, 365 days a year services to the customer of the bank.
(b) The operating cost per unit services is lower for the banks.
(c) It offers convenience to customers as they are not required to go to the bank’s premises.
(d) There is a very low incidence of errors.
(e) The customer can obtain funds at any time from ATM machines.
(f) The customer can easily transfer the funds from one place to another place electronically.

Question 28.
Explain the concept of Outsourcing.
Answer:
Outsourcing is the process by which a company of contracts with another company to provide particular services. In other words, it refers to getting the work done through outside expert agencies.

Features of Outsourcing
Outsourcing Involves Contracting Out: Many companies have started outsourcing processes to outside expert agencies (i.e. to other organizations) on a contractual basis. The outsources charges fees for performing his services on a contract basis.

Generally, Non-core Business Activities are Outsourced: Depending upon what business a company is in, there will be some activities that are central and critical to its basic business purpose. Other activities may be regarded as secondary or incidental to fulfilling that basic purpose. Only those activities (other activities) are outsourced to outside agencies.

Processes may be Outsourced to a Third Party: The processes are outsourced to the service provider (i.e. third party) who operates independently in the market and provides services to other firms too.

Question 29.
Explain briefly any four elements of Business Ethics.
Answer:
Business ethics is defined as a set of moral standards which society expects from businessmen.
The elements of business ethics are:
(a) Publication of a code.
(b) Top management’s commitment.

Question 30.
State any four privileges of a Private Company as against a Public Company.
Answer:
(a) A private company is simpler to form than a public company. It needs two directors while a public company needs three.
(b) It can start business immediately after m-corporation, no certificate to commence is required but in a public company, it is necessary to have a certificate to commence business.
(c) Since a private company collects the requisite capital by private arrangement and does not invite the general public to buy its shares by the issue of a prospectus, it may allot shares without following the formalities of a public company.
(d) As no outsiders are its shareholders it is not required, unlike a public company, to hold a statutory meeting.

(b) To meet day-to-day expenses: After the establishment of a business, funds are needed to carry out day-to-day operations.

(c) To fund business growth: Growth of business may include expansion of the existing line of business as well as adding new lines. To finance such, growth, one needs more funds.

(d) To bridge the time gap between production and sales: The amount spent on production is realized only when sales are made. Normally, there is a time gap between production and sales and also between sales and realization of cash. Hence during this interval, expenses continue to be incurred, for which funds are required.

(e) To meet contingencies: Funds are always required to meet the ups and downs of business and for some unforeseen problems.

Question 32.
Write short notes on:
(a) Equity Shares
(b) Preference Shares
Answer:
Equity Shares:
(a) Equity shares represent the ownership of a company and thus the capital raised by the issue of such shares is known as ownership capital or Ówner’s funds.
(b) Equity shares are shares, which do not enjoy any preferential right in the matter of the claim of dividend or repayment of capital.
(c) Equity shareholders are regarded as the owners of the company who exercise their authority through the voting rights they enjoy.

Preference Shares:
(a) The capital raised by the issue of preference shares is called preference share capital.

(b) The preference shareholders enjoy a preferential position over equity shareholders in two ways:

Receiving a fixed rate of dividend, out of the net profits of the company, before any dividend is declared for equity shareholders.
Receiving their capital after the claims of the company’s creditors have been settled, at the time of liquidation.

(c) In other words, as compared to the equity shareholders, the preference shareholders have a preferential claim over dividend and repayment of capital. Preference shares resemble debentures as they bear a fixed rate of return. Also as the divide and is payable only at the discretion of the directors and only out of profit after tax, to that extçnt, these resemble equity shares.

(d) Thus, preferéncshares have some characteristics of both equity shares and debentures. Preference slanders generally do float enjoy any voting rights.

Question 33.
Explain any four problems faced by small businesses.
Answer:
(a) Finance: The most serious problem faced is the non-availability of adequate finance to carry out their operations. Small scale sector lacks the creditworthiness and collateral required to raise capital from the capital markets or financial institutions and hence they depend on local money lenders who charge high-interest rates.

(b) Raw materials: Another major problem of small businesses is the procurement of raw materials. If the required materials are not available, they have to compromise on the quality or have to pay a high price to get good quality materials. They purchase raw materials in small quantities due to a lack of storage capacity and hence their bargaining power is low.

(c) Managerial skills: Small business is generally promoted and operated by a single person, who may not possess all the managerial skills required to run the business. Many of small business entrepreneurs possess sound technical knowledge but are less successful in marketing and may not find enough time to take care of all functional activities.

(d) Less productive labor: Small business firms cannot afford to pay high salaries to their employees, which affects employee willingness to work. Thus, productivity per employee is relatively low and employee turnover is generally high. Small business organizations are unable to attract talented people because of lower remuneration. Division of labor cannot be practiced in small-scale units, which results in a lack of specialization and concentration.

Question 34.
Explain briefly any four services of retailers to consumers.
Answer:
A retailer is a business enterprise that is engaged in the sale of goods and services directly to the ultimate consumers. He normally buys goods in large quantities from wholesalérs and sells them in small quantities to the ultimate consumers.
(a) Regular availability of products: The most important service of a retailer to consumer is to maintain regular availability of various products produced by different manufacturers.

(b) New products information: By arranging for effective display of products and through their personal selling efforts, retailers provide important information about the arrival, special features, etc., of new products to the customers.

(c) Convenience in buying: Retailers generally buy goods in large quantities and sell these in small quantities, according to the requirements of their customers.

(d) Wide selection: Retailers generally keep stock of a variety of products of different manufacturers. This enables the consumers to make their choice out of a wide selection of goods.

(e) Provide credit facilities: The retailers sometimes provide credit facilities to their regular buyers. This enables the latter to increase their level of consumption and, thereby, their standard of living.

(f) After-sales services: Retailers provide important after-sales services in the form of home delivery, supply of spare parts, and attending to customers.

Section – D

IV. Answer any four of the following questions in 20-25 sentences each. Each question carries 8 marks: ( 4 × 8 = 32 )

Question 35.
Explain the merits and demerits of the Sole Proprietorship form of a business organization.
Answer:
Advantages of Sole Proprietorship:
(a) Quick decision making: A sole proprietor enjoys a considerable degree of freedom in making business decisions. Further, the decision-making is prompt because there is no need to consult others.

(b) Confidentiality of information: Sole decision-making authority enables the proprietor to keep all the information related to business operations confidential and maintain secrecy.

(c) Direct Incentive: The need to share profits does not arise as he/she is the single owner. This provides a maximum incentive to the sole trader to work hard.

(b) Limited life ola business concern: In the eyes of the law the proprietorship and the owner are considered one and the same. Death, insolvency, or illness of a proprietor affects the business and can lead to its closure.

(e) Competition of big Industries: Nowadays in a modem world demands are more. To full fill, those numerous demands big industries were formed. By producing goods on a large scale, supply them at low rates and also provide another number of facilities. As such sole trading concern is unable to complete with them.

Question 36.
Explain the types of Co-operative Societies.
Answer:
Types of Co-operative society:
1. Consumer’s cooperative societies:
(a) The consumer cooperative societies are formed to protect the interests of consumers.
(b) The members comprise consumers desirous of obtaining good quality products at reasonable prices.
(c) The society aims at eliminating middlemen to achieve economy in operations.
(d) It purchases goods in bulk directly from the wholesalers and sells goods to the members directly.
(e) Profits, if any, are distributed on the basis of either their. capital contributions to the society or purchases made by individual members.

2. Producer’s cooperative societies:
(a) These societies are set up to protect the interest of small producers.
(b) The members comprise producers desirous of pricing inputs for the production of goods to meet the demand of con súmers.
(c) The society aims to fight against the big capitalists and enhance the bargaining power of the small producers.
(d) It supplies raw materials, equipment, and other inputs to the members and also buys their output for sale.
(e) Profits among the members are generally distributed on the basis of their contributions to the total pool of goods produced or sold by the society.

4. Farmer’s cooperative societies:
(a) These societies are established to protect the interests of farmers by ptovidíng better inputs at a reasonable cost.
(b) The members comprise farmers who wish to jointly take, up farming activities.
(c) The aim is to gain the benefits 9f large-scale farming and increase productivity.
(d) Such societies provide better quality seeds, fertilizers, machinery, and other modem techniques.

6. Cooperative housing societies:
(a) To help people with limited income to construct houses at reasonable costs.
(b) The members of these societies consišt procuring residential accommodation at lower costs.
(c) The aim is to solve the housing problems of the members by constructing houses and giving them the option of paying in installments.
(d) These societies construct flats or provided them to members On which the members themselves can construct the houses as per their choice.

Question 37.
Explain briefly the principles of Insurance.
Answer:
(a) Principle of Utmost Good Faith: According to this principle, the insurance contract must be signed by both parties (i.e. insurer and insured) in absolute good faith or belief or trust. The person getting insured must willingly disclose and surrender to the insurer his complete true information regarding the subject matter of insurance.

Example: 1f any person has taken a life insurance policy by hiding the fact that he is a cancer patient and later on if he dies because of cancer then Insurance Company can refuse to pay the compensation as the fact was hidden by the insured.

Example: A person insured a car for 5 lakhs against damage or an accident case. Due to accident, he suffered a loss of 3 lakhs, then the insurance company will compensate him 3 lakhs not only the policy amount i.e., but 5 lakhs as the purpose behind it is also to compensate not to make a profit.

(d) Principle of Contribution: According to this principle, the insured can claim the compensation only to the extent of actual loss either from all insurers in a proportion or from any one insurer.

Example A person gets his house insured against fire for 50,000 with insurer A and for 25,000 with insurer B. A loss of 37,500 occurred. Then A is liable to pay 25,000 and B is liable to pay 12,500.

Example: If a person receives Rs. 1 lakh for his or her damaged stock, then the ownership of the stock will be transferred to the insurance company and the person will hold no control over the stock.

Example: ¡f a person has insured his house against re, then, in case of fire, he or she should take all possible measures to minimize the damage to the property exactly in the manner he or she would have dOne in absence of the insurance:

(g) Principle of Causa Proxima: Principle of Causa Proxima (a Latin phrase), or in simple English words, the Principle of Proximate (i.e. Nearest) Cause, means when a loss is caused by mo than one causes, the proximate or the nearest cause should be taken into consideration to decide the liability of the insurer.

Example: If an individual suffers a loss in a fire accident, then this should already be a part of the contract in order for this person to claim the insurance amount.

Question 38.
What are Public Deposits? Explain the merits and limitations of Public Deposits.
Answer:
Merits
(a) The deposits that are raised by organizations directly from the public are known as public deposits.
(b) The procedure of obtaining deposits is simple and does not contain restrictive conditions as are generally there in a loan agreement.
(c) Cost of public deposits is generally lower than the cost of borrowings from banks and financial institutions.
(d) Public deposits do not usually create any charge on the assets of the company. The assets can be used as security for raising loans from other sources.
(e) As the depositors do not have voting rights, the control of the company iš not diluted.

Demerits
(a) New companies generally find it difficult to raise funds through public deposits.
(b) It is an unreliable source of finance as the public may not respond when the company needs money.
(c) Collection of public deposits may prove difficult, particularly when the size of deposits required is large.

Question 39.
Explain the role of the Chambers of Commerce in promoting internal trade in the country.
Answer:
(a) Transportation or interstate movement of goods: The Chambers of Commerce and Industry help in many activities concerning the interstate movement of goods which includes registration of vehicles, surface transport policies, construction of highways and roads.

(e) Labour legislation: A simple and flexible labor legislation is hclptùl in running industries, maximizing production, and generating employment. The Chambers of Commerce and Industry and the government are constantly interacting on issues like labor laws, retrenchment, etc.

Question 40
Explain the steps to be followed in Export Procedure up to excise clearance.
Answer:
(a) Receipt of inquiry and sending quotations: The prospective buyer of a product sends an inquiry to different exporters requesting them to send information regarding price, quality and terms, and conditions for export of goods.

(b) Receipt of order or indent: Ìn case the prospective buyer finds the export price and other terms and conditions acceptable, it places an order for the goods to be despatched. This order, also known as indent, contains a description of the goods ordered, prices to be paid, delivery terms, packing and marking details, and delivery instructions.

(c) Assessing the importer’s creditworthiness and securing a guarantee for payments: After receipt of the indent, the exporter makes the necessary inquiry about the creditworthiness of the importer. The purpose underlying the inquiry is to assess the risks of non-payment by the importer once the goods reach the import destination. To minimize such risks, most exporters demand a letter of credit from the importer.

(d) Obtaining export license: Having become assured about payments, the exporting firm initiates the steps relating to compliance with export regulations. Export of goods in India is subject to customs laws which demand that the export firm must have an export license before it proceeds with exports.

(e) Obtaining pre-shipment finance: Once a confirmed order and also a letter of credit have been received, the exporter approaches his banker for obtaining pre-shipment finance to undertake export production. Pre-shipment finance is the fInance that the exporter needs for procuring raw materials and other components. processing and packing of goods and transportation of goods to the port of shipment.

(f) Production or procurement of goods: Having obtained the pre-shipment finance from the bank, the exporter proceeds to get the goods ready as per the specifications of the importer.

(g) Pre-shipment inspection: The Government of India has initiated many steps to ensure that only good quality products are exported from the country. One such step is the compulsory inspection of certain products by a competent agency as designated by the government. The government has passed Export Quality Control and Inspectîon Act, 1963 for this purpose.

(h) Excise clearance: As per the central excise tariff act, excise duty is required to be paid on the materials used in the production of goods meant for export. So if the exporter desires to produce the goods meant for export by himself, he has to pay the excise duty on the material materials used in the production of goods for export and obtain export clearance from the concerned excise commissioner.

For obtaining export clearance from the concerned excise commissioner exporter has to follow the following steps:
1. The exporter has to apply, to the concernå Excise Commissioner in the region with an invoice because according to the Central Excise Tariff Act, excise duty is payable on the materials used in manufacturing goods. If the Excise Commissioner is sãtisfied, he may issue the excise clearance.

2. But in many cases, the government exempts payment of excise duty or later on refunds it if the goods so manufactured are meant for exports. This is done to provide an incentive to the exporters to export more and also to make the export products more competitive in the world markets.

Section – E (PRACTICAL ORIENTED QUESTIONS)

V. Answer any two of the following questions: ( 2 × 5 =10 )

Question 41.
As the owner of a business unit, what risks you may face in running it?
Answer:
The risk faced by ownër while running a business unit are:

Market informaniion risk
Consumer taste and preferences risk
Government policy risk
Capital risk
Operational risk.

Question 42.
As a businessman having concern for environmental protection, suggest any five steps which can be taken by you for environmental protection.
Answer:
Five measures to control environmental pollution are:
(a) Definite commitment by top management of the enterprise to create, maintain and develop work culture for environmental protection and pollution prevention.

(b) Complying with laws and regulations enacted by the government for the prevention of pollution.

(c) Participation in government programs relating to the management of hazardous substances, plantation of trees, and checking deforestation.

(d) Ensuring that commitment to environmental protection is shared throughout the enterprise by all divisions and employees.

(e) Arranging educational workshops and training materials to share technical information and experience with suppliers, dealers, and customers to get them actively involved in pollution control programs.

Question 43.
Give a list of any five institutions which support small businesses in India.
Answer:
Five institutions that support small businesses in India are:
(a) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
(b) National Small Industrial Corporation (NSIC)
(e) Small Industrial Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
(d) Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development (RWED)
(e) District Industries Centres (DICs).

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तोड़ती पत्थर Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

I. एक शब्द या वाक्यांश या वाक्य में उत्तर लिखिएः

वह तोड़ती पत्थर’ कविता के प्रश्न उत्तर KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 1.
नारी कहाँ पत्थर तोड़ती थी?
उत्तर:
नारी इलाहाबाद के पथ पर पत्थर तोड़ती थी।

Todti Patthar Notes KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 2.
पत्थर तोड़ती नारी के तन का रंग कैसा था?
उत्तर:
पत्थर तोड़ती नारी के तन का रंग साँवला था।

Todti Patthar Question Answers KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 3.
नारी बार-बार क्या
उत्तर:
नारी बार-बार हाथ में बडा हथौड़ा लेकर प्रहार करती थी।

Todti Patthar Class 11 Notes KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 4.
नारी कब पत्थर तोड़ रही थी?
उत्तर:
नारी दुपहर की धूप में पत्थर तोड़ रही थी।

Todti Patthar KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 5.
नारी के माथे से क्या टपक रहा था?
उत्तर:
नारी के माथे से पसीना टपक रहा था।

Todti Patthar Summary KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 6.
‘तोड़ती पत्थर’ कविता के कवि कौन हैं?
उत्तर:
‘तोड़ती पत्थर’ कविता के कवि सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’ हैं।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नः

Todti Patthar Poem Questions And Answers KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 7.
सड़क पर झुलसाती हुई क्या चल रही थी?
उत्तर:
सड़क पर झुलसाती लू चल रही थी।

Todti Patthar Answers KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 8.
नारी ने किसकी ओर देखा?
उत्तर:
नारी ने कवि की ओर, फिर भवन की ओर देखा।

Todti Patthar Question Answer KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 9.
एक क्षण के बाद कौन काँप उठी?
उत्तर:
एक क्षण के बाद पत्थर तोड़नेवाली स्त्री काँप उठी।

प्रश्न 10.
नारी के हाथ में क्या था?
उत्तर:
नारी के हाथ में हथौड़ा था।

II. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :

प्रश्न 1.
इलाहाबाद के पथ पर पत्थर तोड़नेवाली स्त्री का चित्रण कीजिए।
उत्तर:
इलाहाबाद के पथ पर वह महिला पत्थर तोड़ती थी। वहाँ कोई छायादार पेड़ नहीं था, जहाँ वह बैठ सके। उसका तन साँवला था, पर वह भरे यौवन में थी। आँखें नीचे थी और काम में तत्पर थी। बड़ा हथौड़ा हाथ में लिए प्रहार करते हुए पत्थर तोड़ रही थी।

प्रश्न 2.
किन परिस्थितियों में नारी पत्थर तोड़ रही थी?
उत्तर:
एक साधनहीन और असहाय नारी इलाहाबाद के पथ पर बैठकर पत्थर तोड़ रही है। आसपास कोई छायादार पेड़ नहीं है। धूप चढ़ रही थी। गर्मी के दिन थे। शरीर को झुलसा देनेवाली धूप थी। गर्म हवा और धूल उड़ रही थी। दुपहर का समय था। इसी परिस्थिति में वह नारी पत्थर तोड़ रही थी।

प्रश्न 3.
‘तोड़ती पत्थर’ कविता का सारांश अपने शब्दों में लिखिए।
उत्तर:
‘तोड़ती पत्थर’ कविता में निरालाजी ने इलाहाबाद की एक सड़क के किनारे पत्थर तोड़ती मजदूर स्त्री का चित्रण किया है। साथ ही एक मजदूरिन जिस परिस्थिति में काम कर रही थी, उसका यथार्थ और मार्मिक चित्रण किया है। स्त्री रुई की तरह तपती धरती और बरसती लू की दुपहरी में पत्थर तोड़ रही है। आसपास कोई छायादार पेड नहीं है। गर्म हवा और धूल उड़ रही है। यहाँ कवि ने उस सांवली सलोनी निर्धन मजदूरिन के कठिन परिश्रम का महत्व प्रकट किया है।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नः

प्रश्न 4.
पत्थर तोड़नेवाली असहाय नारी के प्रति सहानुभूति प्रकट करते हुए कवि क्या कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
कवि पत्थर तोड़ती स्त्री की दुःखद स्थिति को देखकर सहानुभूति से भर उठते हैं। इलाहाबाद के पथ पर तपती दुपहरी में एक महिला पत्थर तोड़ रही थी। जहाँ वह बैठी थी वहाँ कोई छायादार पेड़ नहीं था। चारों तरफ लू चल रही थी। फिर भी वह परिश्रम किए जा रही थी। निराला जी उसकी इस असहाय स्थिति को देखकर द्रवित हो जाते है।

III. ससंदर्भ भाव स्पष्ट कीजिए :

प्रश्न 1.
गुरु हथौड़ा हाथ,
करती बार-बार प्रहार –
सामने तरु-मालिका अट्टालिका, प्राकार।
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : यह पद हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य वैभव’ के ‘तोड़ती पत्थर’ नामक कविता से लिया गया है, जिसके रचयिता सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’ हैं।
संदर्भ : निराला जी इलाहाबाद के पथ पर पत्थर तोड़ती महिला की स्थिति का वर्णन कर रहे हैं।
स्पष्टीकरण : गर्मियों की तपती दुपहरी में निराला जी ने एक स्त्री को पत्थर तोड़ते हुए देखा था। उसके हाथ में भारी हथौड़ा था और वह उससे पत्थर पर बार-बार चोट का रही थीं। वह पत्थर तोड़ रही थी। जहाँ वह बैठी थी वहाँ कोई छायादार पेड़ भी नहीं था लेकिन उसके सामने एक विशाल भवन था जिसमें पंक्तियों में पेड़ लगे थे। निराला कहना चाहते हैं कि गरीबों को सुख नसीब नहीं है। सुख धनी लोगों के पास है। वे साधन संपन्न है। समाज में विषमता व्याप्त है।
विशेष : छायावादी प्रगतिशील कविता। अर्थ-वैषम्य पर प्रकाश डालती है। मुक्त छंद का प्रयोग।

प्रश्न 2.
चढ़ रही थी धूप
गर्मियों के दिन
दिवा का तमतमाता रूप।
उठी झुलसाती हुई लू
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत पद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य वैभव’ के ‘तोड़ती पत्थर’ नामक कविता से लिया गया है। इसके रचयिता सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’ हैं।
संदर्भ : इलाहाबाद के पथ पर तमतमाती धूप में पत्थर तोड़नेवाली नारी के परिश्रम के बारे में कवि कहता है।
स्पष्टीकरण : पत्थर तोड़नेवाली नारी झुलसाती धूप में, पसीना टपकाती अपने कार्य में मग्न है। उसकी विवशता पर कवि का मन दुखी होता है किन्तु उस नारी के धैर्य तथा कार्य में लगन देखकर उसके प्रति सम्मान बड़ जाता है। विपरीत परिस्थितियों में भी वह अपना कार्य लगन से कर रही थी।

प्रश्न 3.
देखते देखा मुझे तो एक बार
उस भवन की ओर देखा, छिन्नतार।
देखकर कोई नहीं,
देखा मुझे उस दृष्टि से
जो मार खा रोई नहीं।
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत पद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य वैभव’ के ‘तोड़ती पत्थर’ नामक कविता से लिया गया है। इसके रचयिता सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’ हैं।
संदर्भ : एक गरीब मजदूरिन की असहाय हालत का वर्णन कवि ने सरल परन्तु मार्मिक ढंग से प्रस्तुत किया है जो पाठकों के मन को द्रवित कर देता हैं।
स्पष्टीकरण : कवि मजदूरिन की दयनीय दशा को देख रहा था। तभी मजदूरिन ने कवि को अपनी ओर देखते हुए देख लिया। उसने दृष्टि उठाकर छन भर के लिए उस वैभवशाली विशाल भवन की ओर देखा। जब उसे वहाँ कोई दिखाई नहीं दिया तो उसने विवशता से कवि के तरफ देखा। उसकी दृष्टि वैसी थी जैसे कोई व्यक्ति लगातार शोषण से भयभीत होकर रोता नहीं है। शोषण ने उसके आँसू सुखा दिए थे।

तोड़ती पत्थर कवि परिचयः

सूर्यकान्त त्रिपाठी ‘निराला’ जी का जन्म सन् 1896 ई. में मेदिनीपुर, महिषादल नगर में हुआ। अल्पायु में आपकी माता की मृत्यु हुई। पत्नी तथा पिता के असामायिक निधन, गरीबी एवं तिरस्कार से जूझते हुए ‘निराला’ का व्यक्तित्व जुझारू तथा संघर्षशील हो गया। आपका निधन 1961 ई. में हुआ।

प्रमुख रचनाएँ : ‘परिमल’, ‘गीतिका’, ‘अनामिका’, ‘अर्चना’, ‘आराधना’, ‘कुकुरमुत्ता’, ‘राम की शक्तिपूजा’, ‘तुलसीदास’, आदि।
निराला के काव्य में कथ्य और शिल्प की दृष्टि से वैविध्यता दिखाई देती है। आपके काव्य में मानवतावाद, भक्ति, श्रृंगार और प्रकृति से संबंधित भावों का चित्रण हुआ है। निराला जी की भाषा में ओज है, प्रवाह है, कसक है और गरिमा है।

कविता का आशयः

प्रस्तुत कविता में सड़क पर पत्थर तोड़नेवाली एक साधन-हीन और असहाय नारी का अति सजीव चित्र अंकित हुआ है। गर्मियों की तपती दुपहरी में अपने घर से दूर काम करनेवाली उस नारी के प्रति कवि के मन में अपार सहानुभूति है। एक ओर तो धनी वर्ग ऊँची-ऊँची अट्टालिकाओं में विश्राम कर रहा है और दूसरी ओर मध्याह्न के विषम ताप में यह प्रताड़ित युवती परिश्रम-साध्य कार्य में व्यस्त है। अर्थ-वैषम्य की ओर ध्यान आकृष्ट करानेवाली यह प्रगतिवादी रचना निराला के काव्य-संग्रह ‘अनामिका’ से संकलित की गई है।

तोड़ती पत्थर Summary in Kannada

तोड़ती पत्थर Summary in Kannada 1

तोड़ती पत्थर Summary in English

In this poem, the poet Suryakant Tripathi “Nirala’ gives us an emotional portrayal of the troubles of a helpless stone-breaker and how she is devoid of any means or comforts.

The poet notices the labourer breaking stones one day on a street in Allahabad. There was no shady tree there below which she could sit and rest. She was dark-skinned but youthful. Her eyes were completely focused on the task of breaking stones.
With a heavy hammer in hand, she was raining blows on the stones. In front of her, there was a row of tall buildings and trees lining the street. It was the summer season. The day was getting hotter. The sun was beating down hard. A scorching wind was blowing. The earth was burning like a ball of cotton. Dust was flying everywhere. It was afternoon, yet she continued working and breaking the stones.

She saw the poet looking at her and immediately looked towards the building which was in front of her. When she found that there was no one there, she looked back at the poet. Even after looking at the poet looking at her, she did not feel embarrassed about her pitiable state. The strings of her heart which were not playing, the poet could still hear through his imagination as if it was a heavily decorated sitar. A droplet of sweat dripped from her forehead. After looking for a second in the other direction, she once again brought her focus back to her work.

तोड़ती पत्थर Summary in Hindi

1) वह तोड़ती पत्थर।
देखा उसे मैंने इलाहाबाद के पथ पर
वह तोड़ती पत्थर।
कोई न छायादार
पेड़ वह जिसके तले बैठी हुई स्वीकार,
श्याम तन, भर बँधा यौवन,
नत नयन, प्रिय कर्म रत मन।

लेखक ने एक मजदूरनी को इलाहाबाद के सड़क पर पत्थर तोड़ते देखा। वहाँ कोई छायादार . पेड़ भी न था, जिसके नीचे वह बैठती। वह साँवले रंग की थी, पर उसका यौवन भरा हुआ था। नीचे नेत्र किए वह पूरे मन से अपने काम में लगी हुई थी।

शब्दार्थ :
छायादार – धूप से रक्षण।

2) गुरु हथौड़ा हाथ,
करती बार-बार प्रहार –
सामने तरु-मालिका अट्टालिका, प्राकार।
चढ़ रही थी धूप
गर्मियों के दिन
दिवा का तमतमाता रूप।
उठी झुलसाती हुई लू
रुई ज्यों जलती हुई भू
गर्द चिनगी छा गई,
प्रायः हुई दुपहर
वह तोड़ती पत्थर।

भारी हथौड़ा हाथ में लिए हुए वह बार-बार चोटें मार रही थी। उसके सामने ऊँची-ऊँची इमारतें, अटारियाँ तथा वृक्षों की कतार थी। गर्मी के दिन थे। धूप चढ़ रही थी। सूर्य तमतमाया हुआ था। झुलसाने वाली लू चल रही थी। धरती रूई की तरह जल रही थी। धूल उड़ रही थी। दोपहर हो गई थी, पर वह पत्थर तोड़ रही थी।

शब्दार्थ :

गुरु – दक्ष;
प्रहार – मार;
अट्टालिका – अटारी, महल, पक्की इमारत;
भवन – महल;
तरु-मालिका – पेड़ों का कतार;
दिव – दिन;
तमतमाता धूप – बहुत गरमी धूप;
झुलसाती लू – अत्यंत गरम हवा;
रुई – cotton;
प्राकार – बड़ा भवन।

3) देखते देखा मुझे तो एक बार
उस भवन की ओर देखा, छिन्नतार।
देखकर कोई नहीं,
देखा मुझे उस दृष्टि से
जो मार खा रोई नहीं।
सजा सहज सितार,
सुनी मैंने वह नहीं जो थी सुनी झंकार।
एक क्षण के बाद वह काँपी सुघर,
ढुलक माथे से गिरे सीकर,
लीन होते कर्म में फिर ज्यों कहा –
‘मैं तोड़ती पत्थर।’

उसने मुझे अपनी ओर देखते हुए देखा, और तुरंत ही उसने अपने सामने वाले भवन की ओर देखा। देखा कि वहाँ कोई नहीं है फिर उसने मेरी ओर देखा। मुझे अपनी ओर देखते देखकर अपनी हीन दशा से वह संकुचित नहीं हुई। उसके हृदय में जो झंकार नहीं भी थी, वह मैंने सितार सजाकर अपनी कल्पना शक्ति से सुनी। उसके माथे से पसीने की बूंद गिर पड़ी। एक बार क्षण भर दूसरी ओर देखने के बाद वह फिर अपने काम में लग गई, जैसे वह कह रही हो, मैं पत्थर तोड़ रही हूँ।

शब्दार्थ :

छिन्न – कटा हुआ;
सीकर – पसीना;
प्रहार – आक्रमण, वार।

1st PUC Kannada Textbook Answers Sahitya Sanchalana Chapter 3 Devanolidana Kulave Sathkulam

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