1st PUC – KSEEB Solutions

1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 3 Basic Political Concepts

November 2, 2023

You can Download Chapter 3 Basic Political Concepts Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 3 Basic Political Concepts

1st PUC Political Science Basic Political Concepts One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is Sovereignty?
Answer:
Sovereignty is the supreme power of the state.

Question 2.
Which is the most essential element of the state?
Answer:
Sovereignty is the most essential element of the state.

Question 3:
Which is the root word of sovereignty?
Answer:
The word sovereignty has been derived from the Latin word ‘ Superanus’.

Question 4.
What are the two kinds of Sovereignty?
Answer:
Internal and External Sovereignty.

Question 5.
Who introduced (aspects) the sovereignty in the modern sense?
Answer:
Jean Bodin introduced Sovereignty in the modem sense.

Question 6.
Name the book written by Jean Bodin.
Answer:
The book written by Jean Bodin is “Six books on the republic”.

Question 7.
Who was the proponent of internal sovereignty?
Answer:
Badin advocated Internal Sovereignty.

Question 8.
Who was the proponent of external sovereignty?
Answer:
Hugo Grotius was the proponent of external sovereignty.

Question 9.
Define Law.
Answer:
According to Holland ‘Law is a general rule of external human action enforced by sovereign political authority. ’

Question 10.
What is the root word of law?
Answer:
The term law has been derived from the Teutonic root ‘lag’, means something fixed.

Question 11.
What is the basic of moral law?
Answer:
Moral law is based on ethical code of morality of the people.

Question 12.
What is the other name of municipal law?
Answer:
National law is the other name of municipal law.

Question 13.
What is ordinance and who promulgates it?
Answer:
Ordinance are executive orders which promulgates by the president when parliament is not in session.

Question 14.
What is administrative law?
Answer:
A law which deals with civil service matters is called administrative law.

Question 15.
Who enacts laws in India?
Answer:
Parliament enacts laws in India.

Question 16.
What is meant by Liberty?
Answer:
It means the freedom of the individual.

Question 17.
What is the root word of liberty?
Answer:
The root word of liberty is the Latin word; Liber’ which means free.

Question 18.
Which revolution upheld the ideals of liberty equality and fraternity?
Answer:
France Revolution (1789) uphelds the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity.

Question 19.
What is Equality?
Answer:
It means equalization of opportunities.

Question 20.
What are Economic rights?
Answer: The rights enable every citizens to earn their livelihood.

Question 21.
What is meant by constitutional law.
Answer:
It is the basic law that determines the organization and functions of the government.

Question 22.
What is case law?
Answer:
Case law is a law made by courts.

Question 23.
What are the two aspects of liberty?
Answer:
Negative and Positive aspects.

Question 24.
What is natural liberty?
Answer:
It means unrestricted freedom of the individual to do what he likes.

Question 25.
What is political liberty?
Answer:
Political liberty means the right of the people to participate in the governance of the country.

Question 26.
What is National Liberty?
Answer:
It is the freedom of the nation from outside control.

Question 27.
What is a Civil Liberty?
Answer:
It is liberty available to the citizens inside society or state.

Question 28.
What is Economic Liberty?
Answer:
It is the freedom of the individual to earn his livelihood.

Question 29.
What is Natural Equality?
Answer:
It means by nature all are equal.

Question 30.
What is Civil Equality?
Answer:
It means equality before the law.

Question 31.
What is political equality?
Answer:
It means equal rights to participate in the affairs of the state.

Question 32.
What is Economic Equality?
Answer:
It means the removal of all inequalities and equal distribution of wealth.

Question 33.
What is Social Equality?
Answer:
It means there should be no discrimination on the basis of birth or family background.

Question 34.
What are Rights?
Answer:
Rights are the freedom given to individuals to do and undo certain things with status permission.

Question 35.
What is Moral Right?
Answer:
They are based on an ethical code of morality of the people. It is not enforced by state law.

Question 36.
What is duty?
Answer:
It is an obligation to do or not to do something.

1st PUC Political Science Basic Political Concepts Two Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define sovereignty.
Answer:
According to Burgess “Sovereignty is original, absolute and unlimited power over the individual and all associations”.

Question 2.
What are the two aspects of sovereignty?
Answer:

Internal sovereignly.
External sovereignty.

Question 3.
Define law.
Answer:
According to Holland “Law is a general rule of external human action enforced by a sovereign political authority.

Question 4.
Mention different kinds of law.
Answer:
There are different kinds of law the important among them are: National law, International law, constitutional law, common law, ordinary law, and administrative law, etc.,

Question 5.
What is the meaning of liberty?
Answer:
Liberty’ is the power of a man to do anything that does not injure others.

Question 6.
Mention any two economic liberties.
Answer:

Right to work
Right to adequate wages.

Question 7.
What is right?
Answer:
Right is a facility given by the legal authority7 to develop the individual personality of the citizens.

Question 8.
Mention any two political rights.
Answer:

Right to vote.
Right to contest for election.

Question 9.
What is National Law?
Answer:
It is formulated by the state legislature and it is binding on all the people within the territory of the state.

Question 10.
Write the meaning of ordinances.
Answer:
Ordinances are the executive laws which promulgates by the president to meet the unforeseen situations when parliament is not in session.

Question 11.
What is administrative law?
Answer:
A law which deals with the civil service matter and comes under administrative tribunals is called administrative law.

Question 12.
What is rule of law?
Answer:
A system in which administration carried on in accordance with the law is called rule of law.

Question 13.
What is internal sovereignty?
Answer:
A state is empower to enact, enforce and interpret the laws with in its jurisdiction is called internal sovereignty.

Question 14.
What is external sovereignty?
Answer:
A state is independent from other states and can have foreign policy with its neighbouring states is called external sovereignty.

Question 15.
Define rights.
Answer:
According to Bosanquet “A right is a claim recognised by the society and enforced by the state”.

Question 16.
Name any two political rights.
Answer:

Right to vote.
Right to contest for election.

Question 17.
What is equality?
Answer:
Facilities are provided to all the persons without any discrimination is called equality.

Question 18.
Mention the types of Liberty.
Answer:

Natural Liberty.
Civil Liberty.
Political Liberty.
Economic Liberty.

Question 19.
Describe in brief the natural equality.
Answer:
All men are said to be born equal. This is natural equality. Human beings differ in their natural abilities and faculties.

Question 20.
What are the attributes of sovereignty?
Answer:
Absoultenegs permanence, universality, indivisibility exclusiveness originality are the attributes of sovereignty.

Question 21.
Mention types of Liberty.
Answer:
Natural Liberty, Civil Liberty, Political Liberty, Economic Liberty, National Liberty.

Question 22.
Explain Sovereignty.
Answer:
It is one of the most important elements of the sate. Bodin for the first time discussed sovereignty in the modem sense. It is the supreme power of the state.

Question 23.
How Sovereignty is absolute?
Answer:
The sovereignty of the state is absolute means it is subject to no legal limitations either internally or externally without this absolute power no state can exist.

Question 24.
What do you mean by sovereignty is indivisible?
Answer:
Indivisible means sovereignty can’t be divided. Division of sovereignty means destruction of sovereignty.

Question 25.
What do you mean by sovereignty is inalienable?
Answer:
It means sovereignty can’t be transferred. It cannot transferred to another, authority.

Question 26.
What is International Law?
Answer:
International law is a law that governs by a sovereign authority. It depends upon the acceptance and obedience of sovereign states.

Question 27.
What are the kinds of equality?
Answer:
Civil equality, Political Equality, Social Equality, National Equality, Economic Equality etc.,

Question 28.
What is Secular State?
Answer:
It is a state where there is religious freedom, and the state does not interfere with individuals’ religious matters.

Question 29.
What is legal sovereignty?
Answer:
Sovereignty according to law is known as legal sovereignty. Legal soveregin is the lawers concept of sovereignty. The authority, a person or body of persons which has power to issue and enforce the laws of state.

Question 30.
What is constitutional law?
Answer:
It is basic and fundamental law of country, it determines the organization and functions of government out in written or unwritten form.

Question 31.
What are Legal Rights?
Answer:
Legal rights are the rights which have a legal binding and are protected and recognised by state.

Question 32.
Write two fundamental duties of Indian Citizen.
Answer:

To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.

Question 33.
Mention two features of Law.
Answer:

Law mirrors the wishes of the people.
Law is coercive and disobedience of law invites punishment.

Question 34.
What is ordinary law?
Answer:
Laws that are made by the parliament is called ordinary law.

1st PUC Political Science Basic Political Concepts Five Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the features of sovereignty.
Answer:
Jean Bodin – who was the first to explain the concept of sovereignty said: “Sovereignty is the supreme power over citizens and subjects unrestrained by law.”

According to Hugo Grotius:
“Sovereignty is the supreme power vested in him whose acts are not subjected to any other who will can’t be can overridden.”

Characteristics of Sovereignty:

a. Permanent:
Sovereignty is permanent. Every state is sovereign it is accordingly permanent. The death of the rules or the change in government doesn’t mean any change in sovereign power. It comes to an end when the state is destroyed or is conquered and ruled by some external power.

b. Universality:
Sovereignty embraces each and every person and every association within the territory of the state. No individual or association in the state can disobey the sovereign authority of the state.

c. Sovereignty can’t be transferred:
The state has no right to give away its sovereignty. When a state loses or has to give up a part of the territory and population to another state, that part comes under the control of that state.

d. Indivisible:
Sovereignty can’t be divided. Division of sovereignty leads to the destruction of sovereignty.

e. Absoluteness:
Sovereignty is absolute. There can be no legal power within the state, superior to it. All individuals, associations come under the absolute power of the state. The state is completely independent.

Question 2.
Write a note on economic liberty.
Answer:
Without economic liberty, other liberty, other liberty are meaningless and useless. It means liberty of security and opportunities to find reasonable significance in the livelihood.

Question
3. Discuss kinds of equality.
Answer:
1. Natural Equality:
It implies that nature has created all men equal. It can also be defined that it insists on removing all man-made and artificial inequalities and treat all equally.

2. Civil and legal Equality:
Implies that all are equal before law and all are protected equally irrespective of caste, class, colour, race, etc.,

3. Political Equality:
Implies that all the citizens, irrespective any type of difference are entitled to participate in the affairs of state. All have equal voice in the government. It is based on principle of universal adult Franchise.

4. Economic Equality:
Implies removal of inequalities based on wealth and insists on certain minimum standard of income to all to meet their basic needs.

5. Social Equality:
Implies every individual without any discrimination must be given equal opportunity for the development of their personalities.

Question 4.
Explain the kinds of Law?
Answer
1. Natural Law:
Natural law promotes individualism and contends that there should be no law s to regulate or restrict individual behavior.

2. Constitutional law:
It is the highest and fundamental law of the land, which defines the organization of the state, determines the functions of various departments and establishes the relationship between the governor and the governed.

3. Ordinary law:
It is subordinate to the constitutional law. It is made by the parliament. It determines the relationship between the state and citizens.

4. Administrative law:
It deals with regulating the activities of the government officials in relation to state authority.

5. International Law:
International law is a body of rules and regulations which the sovereign states are expected to follow, observe and honour in their interaction with one another.

6. National Law:
National law is formulated by the sovereign authority of the State applicable to all people and associations living within territorial limits or jurisdiction of the state. It is also known as municipal law.

7. Private law:
It determines the relation between citizens.

8. Public laws:
Regulates the relation between the citizens and the states.

9. Case laws:
It refers to the laws that come into existence as a result of the decisions or verdict given by the court in a particular case. The courts give their own interpretation to apply a legal provision to a particular case. Such are known as case laws.

Question 5.
What are the kinds of Law? Explain.
Answer:
1. Natural Law:
Natural law promotes individualism and contends that there should be no laws to regulate or restrict individual behavior.

3. Ordinary law:
It is subordinate to the constitutional law. It is made by the parliament. It determines the relationship between the state and citizens.

4. Administrative law:
It deals with regulating the activities of the government officials in relation to state authority.

5. International Law:
International law is a body of rules and regulations which the sovereign states are expected to follow, observe and honour in their interaction with one another.

6. National Law:
National law is formulated by the sovereign authority of the state applicable to all people and associations living within territorial limits or jurisdiction of the state. It is also known as municipal law.

7. Private law:
It determines the relation between citizens.

8. Public laws:
Regulates the relation between the citizens and the states.

Question 6.
Write the relation between liberty and authority.
Answer:
It is sometimes said liberty and authority of the state as opposed to each other. But liberty doesn’t mean that unlimited right of a man to do whatever he likes. The liberty of one should not infringe on the freedom of others.

Freedom is secured through such rules and regulations. Political authority makes and enforces the law. Absolute authority will destroy liberty. Authority is the basis of liberty.

Question 7.
Explain the importance of law.
Answer:
As we live in society, we have to observe certain rules and regulations otherwise living in society will be impossible. Therefore every going out makes rules and regulations to maintain peace and order in society. The law is framed and enforced by the state to regulate the activities of citizens and to keep them within certain limits.

Question 8.
Explain the meaning of equality.
Answer:
In a literal sense, equality means that all human beings are equal. Equality doesn’t mean absolute equality. In a negative sense equality means the absence of special privileges. This means that there shall be no discriminations made on basis of caste, religion, colour, wealth, gender, etc. In a positive sense, equality means availability of adequate opportunities to all for self-development.

Question 9.
Explain characteristics of law.
Answer:

It regulates the external behaviour of a man in an organised society.
Laws are universally applicable.
They are the expressions of the will of the state & laid down in precise & definite language.
Laws are enforced by the state.
Freaking of laws invite punishment. Laws aimed at ensuring and enhancing the individuals and general well being of the people.

Question 10.
Write the feature of liberty.
Answer:

Liberty means the absence of restraint on freedom of thought speech and action.
Liberty without any restraint is a license.
It means political freedom as opposed to political slavery.
In its positive aspect, it is the freedom to do a thing.
In its negative aspect, it means restraints on doing something.
Liberty can be safeguarded only in the state.
Liberty means freedom individual to do what he likes without injuring similar liberty of others.

Question 11.
Explain what is political liberty.
Answer:
Political liberty means to be active in the affairs of the state. It can only be possible when the government is carried on in accordance with the will of the people. Political Liberty can be attained by the exercise of the four main rights.

Right to vote.
Right to contest in the election.
Right to criticize the government.
Right to hold Public office.

Question12.
Write the relationship between liberty and equality.
Answer:
There are two opposite views regarding the relation between equality and liberty.
Lord Action maintained that liberty and equality are opposite to each other. But it is clear that this view is based on an interpretation of liberty as unrestricted freedom and equality as absolute equality. Hence this is wrong view.

Acc to second view, it is important to note that equality and liberty are complementary to each other. Liberty and Equality are just like two faces of same community liberty depends upon the state and laws.

Question 13.
Explain different kinds of rights.
Answer:

Moral Rights
Legal Rights.
Civil Rights.
Political Rights.
Economic Rights.

1. Moral Rights: are those which based on the ethical code of morality of people.

2. Legal Rights: are recognised and protected by the state.

3. civil Rights: are those rights which enable the individual to lead a normal life in society.

4. Political Rights: enable a citizen to take part in the affairs of the government.

5. Economic Rights: enable citizens to earn their living.

Question 14.
What is meant by popular sovereign?
Answer:

Popular sovereignty means the ultimate authority or supreme power of the state is vested in the people. In a democracy the sovereignty will be in the hands of people.
Civil, Political and Economic equality is assured in a democracy, all rights are provided to every citizen without any discrimination. It ensures equality before the law.
It gives importance to human personality. It recognise the worth of every individual every citizen has a voice in going out and its policies.

Question 15.
Describe two sources of law.
Answer:
Customs:
It is one of the earliest sources of law. It is the code of conduct. Habits and usage in families clans and tribes must have become well established and thus customs have been the earliest means of social regulation.

Religion:
In premitive societies custom was law was religious. Religious principles were the basis of the formation of most customs. Custom rules based on religion could not be violated. In India, Hindu law is based on the code of Manu. The Muslim law derives itself from the Quran. The influence of Christianity and the Bible in framing the laws of various western countries cannot be denied.

Question 16.
Explain negative and positive equality.
Answer:
The negative aspect, of equality, means the absence of special privileges. All barriers of birth, wealth, caste and sex should be removed in social and political life. Rights should be enjoyed – in common by all.

In its positive aspect equality means the provision of adequate opportunities for self-development to all adequate opportunities that can be given to everyone to develop the personality.

Question 17.
Distinguish between National and International law.
Answer:
National law is the branch of law that applies within the territory of the state. All persons living within the state shall obey national laws. Its violation is punishable international law is the law which regulates the relations of sovereign states with another.

International law has force only to the extent to which it is recognized and voluntarily accepted by the different states of the world.

Question 18.
What are the different kinds of liberty? Explain briefly.
Answer:
1. National Liberty:
It is associated with french thinker J.J. Rousseau. Acc to this type of man in the state of nature were completely free and there were no restrictions. This doesn’t exist in modem social life.

2. Civil liberty:
It is enjoyed by all the individuals in society. It consists of certain rights and privileges created and protected by the state.

3. Political Liberty:
This liberty is available only to the citizen either directly or indirectly participate in the political activities of the state. In short, a person makes or destroys the government.

4. Economic Liberty:
Without economic liberty, other liberty, other liberties are meaningless and useless. It means liberty of security and opportunities to find reasonable significance in the livelihood.

5. National Liberty:
This liberty implies the political independence of the state. All other liberties can’t be enjoyed unless the country is independent.

Question 19.
Write a note on the general duties of citizen.
Answer:
Duty is an obligation and a responsibility of a citizen. A citizen of a state is directed to discharge some functions and prohibited from certain functions. There are called as duties.
The duties are broadly divided into moral and legal duties.
The important general duties of a citizen are :

1. Loyalty to the state:
Every citizen should be loyal to his state. This includes his duty to defend the state during the war and his involvement in developmental activities, to protect and promote unity and integrity of the state.

2. Obedience to Law:
Every citizen should obey the laws as disobedience leads to confusion and disorder. The laws are made for the welfare of the citizens.

3. Payment of taxes:
Every citizen must honestly pay and promptly taxes for the economic development of the state.

4. Honest Exercise of the Right to Vote:
This enables citizens to elect going out of their choice which works for their development, welfare, security, protection, etc.,

Question 20.
Explain the political rights.
Answer:
1. Right to Vote:
All the citizens who have attained the age of 18 are eligible to vote through adult franchise without any discrimination.

2. Right to contest election:
All the citizens of a country who have attained a particular age are given the chance to contest elections and thus respect the aims and aspirations of various sections of society in government.

3. Right to Enter Government Service:
In a democracy, all the citizens are equally entitled to get government jobs on the basis of their qualifications.

4. Right to petition:
It gives an opportunity to all people to bring their problems to the notice of the government and seek remedies.

5. Right to Criticism:
It is one of the biggest boons of democracy. All citizens have the right to criticise the policies of the government.

Question 21.
What is the importance of liberty?
Answer:
1. Respect for individuals:
Liberty is essential for every individual to be at his best self, subject, to legal limitations.

2. Respect for laws:
Liberty is required to put down any kind of dominance within a civil society where all enjoy equal liberty and invasion of liberty of a person is nothing but a violation of liberty which is visited by penalty or punishment.

3.Respect for fellow being:
The fear of punishment in case of violation of the liberty of others; makes one respect the feelings of others thereby ensuring respect for fellow
beings.

4. Promotes co-operation and understanding:
Liberty ensures individuals to develop harmony, brotherhood, and understanding based on mutual necessity and co-operation.

Question 22.
Answer:
Explain the importance of Equality.
1. Self-respect:
In the absence of discrimination, all can develop as they wish, thus ensuring respect for individual personality.

2. Promotes Co-operation:
When all are treated equal in the eyes of law, people can lead a life based on cooperation and understanding, develop harmony, which will lead to the brotherhood.

3. Prevents revolution:
When all are treated equal, they can pursue what they consider best and it would prevent revolutionary tendencies from taking over the system.

Question 23.
Explain the importance of rights.
Answer:
1. Development of personality: Rights describe the do’s and don’ts of civilized life and this helps an individual to develop his personality.

2. Symbol of national prestige: The quality Of rights in a country symbolizes the quality of its rules and people.

3. Respect for fellow beings: Rights guarantees respect for fellow citizens.

4. Protection against government: Rights guarantees protection against government action.

Question 24.
Explain the importance of Sovereignty?
Answer:
1. Identifies the nation-state: Sovereignty has contributed to the identity and status of the nation-state.

2. Sovereignty gives freedom to the state: Sovereignty increases the freedom of nation-state, so as to decide on its domestic and foreign policy.

3. Allows progress: Sovereignty provides motivation for each nation to achieve progress.

4. Promotes nationalism: Sovereignty promotes national spirit and allows love for the nation.

5. Allows the state to exercise coercive power: Sovereignty monopolies the state internally and externally.

1st PUC Political Science Basic Political Concepts Ten Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the law? explain its kinds.
Answer:
1. Natural Law:
Natural law promotes individualism and contends that there should be no laws to regulate or restrict individual behavior.

3. Ordinary law:
It is subordinate to the constitutional law. It is made by the parliament. It determines the relationship between the state and citizens.

4. Administrative law:
It deals with regulating the activities of the government officials in relation to state authority.

5. International Law:
International law is a body of rules and regulations which the sovereign states are expected to follow, observe and honour in their interaction with one another.

7. Private law:
It determines the relation between citizens.

8. Public laws:
Regulates the relation between the citizens and the states.

Question 2.
Explain the meaning and kinds of rights.
Answer:

Moral Rights
Legal Rights.
Civil Rights.
Political Rights.
Economic Rights.

1. Moral Rights: are those based on the ethical code of morality of people.

2. Legal Rights: are recognised and protected by the state.

3. civil Rights: are those rights that enable the individual to lead a normal life in society.

4. Political Rights: enable a citizen to take part in the affairs of the government.

5. Economic Rights: enable citizens to earn their living.

Question 3.
Explain the meaning and kinds of liberty.
Answer:
1. National Liberty:
It is associated with french thinker J.J. Rousseau. Acc to this type of men in the state of nature were completely free and there were no restrictions. This doesn’t exist in modern social life.

2. Civil liberty:
It is enjoyed by all the individuals in society. It consists of certain rights and privileges created and protected by the state.

4. Economic Liberty:
Without economic liberty, other liberty, other liberty are maningless and useless. It; means liberty of security and opportunities to find reasonable significance in livelihood.

5. National Liberty:
This liberty implies the political independence of the state. All other liberties can’t be enjoyed unless the country is indepent.

Question 4.
Describe the political rights.
Answer:
a. Right to Vote:
All the citizens who have attained the age of 18 are eligible to vote through adult franchise without any discrimination.

b. Right to contest election:
All the citizens of a country who have attained a particular age are given the chance to contest elections and thus respect the aims and aspirations of various sections of society in government.

c. Right to Enter Government Service:
In a democracy, all the citizens are equally entitled to get government jobs on the basis of their qualifications.

d. Right to petition:
It gives an opportunity to all people to bring their problems to the notice of the government and seek remedies.

e. Right to Criticism:
It is one of the bigget boon of democracy. All citizens have the right to criticise the policies of the government.

Question 5.
Explain economic rights.
Answer:
The rights which enable every citizens to earn their livelihood are called economic rights.

Following are the important economic rights.

Right to work – Every person is free to work at his choice.
Right to property – Every person is free to earn, enjoy and sale the property.
Right to leisure – the persons who are working are permitted to enjoy leisure time during working hours.
Right to material security – All the states have provided material security against old age, sickness, disability, unemployment, etc.
Right to contract – All the individuals are free to enter into agreement with others within the framework of law.

Question 6.
Distinguish between legal sovereignty and political sovereignty.
Answer:
A legal sovereign is a person or body of persons in a state which is the supreme law-making authority disobedience to law result in punishment.

The characteristics are :

The legal sovereign is always definite and determinate.
It may be in the hands of a single individual or body of individuals.
It is legal expression of the will of the state.
Legal sovereign grants the rights.
Political sovereignty: It is the power behind the legal sovereignty.

The legal sovereign simply makes laws. The wishes of political sovereign who can’t express the will of the state. It is not so easy to define political sovereign. It is unorganized and unknown to law. Political sovereign and legal sovereign concide in direct democracy.

Dejure and Defacts Sovereignty.
Dejure:
Sovereignty means sovereignty by law. In Other words, dejure is the lawful and legitimate sovereign. It is legally constituted and has the basis and authority of law. It has legal right to govern.

Defacto:
Sovereignty is which has no legal basis because it is not recognized by law but exists on fact. Defacto comes to power usually by force. If it manages to stick to power and show that he can rule he becomes dejure sovereign.

Titular Sovereignty and Real Sovereignty.
Titular has the power but he won’t use it but somebody else will use. For eg: King or Queen of England and the President of India. The council of ministers is the real soveregin and occupy a highly dignified and privileged position in the state. In a presidential system, there is no difference because the president himself exercises his powers and functions.

Question 7.
Define Law. Explain its features.
Answer:
The word law is derived from the Teutonic word Tag’ which means something fixed.
Acc to John Austin: “a command given by a superior to an inferior.”
Accordingly to Woodrow Wilson “Law is that position of established thought and habit which . has gained distinct and formal recognition in the shape of uniform rules.”

Characteristics of law:

Laws regulate the external behaviour of man in an organized society.
Laws are universally applicable to all individuals living in the state.
Laws are enforced by the state.
Breaking of law invites punishment.
Ignorance of laws is accepted as a ground for the exemption from the applicant of laws.

Question 8.
Explain Civil Rights.
Answer:
1. Right to live:
All people born in society have the right to live. The main responsibility of the state is to provide security of life to the people.

2. Right to Liberty:
All the people living in the state have the right to travel freely all over the country. They can reside anywhere as they desire.

3. Right to Religion:
All the citizens have the freedom to practice or propagate any religion they want.

4. Right to Culture and Education:
All the citizens have the right to protect, develop and practice their own culture. The right to education has been granted, to enable a person to develop and improve his or her personality.

5. Right to Association:|
All the citizens have the freedom to form the different types of association as per their needs and aspirations.

6. Right to Family:
Family is an integral part of human existence. Every individual has the right to marriage, to bring up children and to continue his generation.

Question 9.
What are the various sources of law?
Answer:
1. Customs:
Customs is one of the earliest sources of law. It is the code of conduct observed by people in society. When the state was established, these customs received
recognition and became laws.

2. Religion:
In many countries, religion is the basis of the law and it lies as the root of many national legal systems.

3. Equity:
It refers to the principles of equality, fairness, and justice in which judges apply. When existing laws provide no relief in a particular case, judges apply the principle of equity.

4. Judicial decisions:
Judges interpret mould and extend the existing laws. Such decisions of the judges later become precedents judicial precedents supplement the law and are applied in the future cases of a similar kind.

5. Scientific commentaries:
These are scientific discussions by eminent jurists or lawyers. It is an important source of material for lawmakers.

6. Legislation:
It means the enactment and promulgation of laws by the legislature. It forms an important source of law.

1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 2 State

November 2, 2023

You can Download Chapter 2 State Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 2 State

1st PUC Political Science State One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which is the most essential human organisation?
Answer:
State is the most essential human organisation.

Question 2.
What is State?
Answer:
The state is politically organised people in a definite territory.

Question 3.
What is the main purpose of a state?
Answer:
The welfare of the people is the main purpose of a state.

Question 4.
Who said that man is a social and. also a political animal?
Answer:
Aristotle says man is a social and also a political animal.

Question 5.
What are the root words of the state?
Answer:
Romans says ‘‘civitas’’ and Italians say ‘statio’.

Question 6.
Give an example of a city-state.
Answer:
Sparta and Athens are examples of a city-state.

Question 7.
Who called the state as ‘Civitas’?
Answer:
Romans called the state as ‘Civitas’.

Question 8.
Who introduced the term state for the first time?
Answer:
Italian thinker Machiavelli introduced the word state in Political Science.

Question 9.
Who is the author of “The Prince”?
Answer:
Machiavehi is the author of ‘The prince’.

Question 10.
Which is the supreme of all associations?.
Answer:
The State.

Question 11.
Which association serves people from birth to death?
Answer:
State.

Question 12.
Who advocated the Sapthanga theory of the state?
Answer:
Kautilya advocates the Sapthanga theory of the state.

Question 13.
According to Plato what should be the population of the state?
Answer:
According to Plato, the population of the state is 5040.

Question 14.
Who said that the population of the state should be 10,000?
Answer:
Rousseau says the population of the state should be 10,000.

Question 15.
Who is the author of the book ‘Arthashastra’?
Answer:
Kautilya is the author of the book ‘Arthashastra’.

Question 16.
Name the state with the highest population in the world.
Answer:
The hight population state in the world is China.

Question 17.
Name the state with the lowest population in the world.
Answer:
The lowest population in the world is Nauru.

Question 18.
Who said that ‘Good people build a good state’.
Answer:
Aristotle says ‘Good people build a good state’.

Question 19.
What is the territory?
Answer:
A definite land which is essential for a state is called territory.

Question 20.
What is the government?
Answer:
An agent of a state is called the government.

Question 21.
Which is called as an agent of the state?
Answer:
The government is called an agent of the state.

Question 22.
Which organ is called as the ‘Heart and soul’ of the state?
Answer:
The government is called the ‘Heart and soul’ of the state.

Question 23.
What is meant by Sovereignty?
Answer:
Sovereignty is the Supreme Power of the State.

Question 24.
What is an association?
Answer:
A group of people which have a specific objectives is called an association.

Question 25.
Which is called as ‘The association of associations’?
Answer:
State.

Question 26.
What is society?
Answer:
A web of social relationships is called society.

Question 27.
Who said ‘Society is the web of social relationship’?
Answer:
Max Weber says society is the web of social relationship.

Question 28.
Which is known as the ‘crown association’?
Answer:
State.

Question 29.
What is the root word of the term ‘Nation’?
Answer:
The term ‘Nation has been derived from the Latin word ‘Natio’.

Question 30.
Who said ‘Nation is state + Nationality’?
Answer:
Gilchirst says ‘Nation is state + Nationality’.

Question 31.
When did India became a sovereign state?
Answer:
India becomes sovereign state on 15^th August 1947.

Question 32.
What is nation?
Answer:
An emotional feeling of oneness is called a nation.

Question 33.
What is meant by the State?
Answer:
State means an assembly of people occupying a definite territory, having an organized government and subject to no outside control. (Sovereignty)

Question 34.
What is the root word of the term ‘STATE’?
Answer:
The Teutonic term ‘Status’ may be regarded as the root word of the term State in Political Science.

Question 35.
What are the four Elements of the State?
Answer:

The four Elements of the State are:

Population
Territory
Government
Sovereignty

Question 36.
Which is the most important element of the State?
Answer:
The most important element of the state is sovereignty.

Question 37.
Mention the two aspects of Sovereignty.
Answer:

Two aspects of Sovereignty are: Internal and External Sovereignty.

Question 38. Which is the most powerful of all Social Institutions.
Answer:
The State.

Question 39.
Which is the root word of Sovereignty?
Answer:
The root word of Sovereignty is the Latin word ‘Super nus’ which means State.

Question 40.
Who wrote the book ‘The Prince’?
Answer:
Machiavelli of Italy.

1st PUC Political Science State Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the meaning of state.
Answer:
The state is politically organised people in a definite territory.

Question 2.
Why is the state inevitable?
Answer:
The state is inevitable to ensure the protection of the life and property of the inevitable.

Question 3.
Name any two theories of the origin of the state.
Answer:
Divine theory and social contract theory are the two theories of the state.

Question 4.
Define state.
Answer:
According to Woodrow Wison, the state is people organised for law within a definite territory.

Question 5.
What is the welfare state?
Answer:
A state which provides the basic facilities to all the people from birth to death is called a welfare state.

Question 6.
Mention the organs of Sapthanga Theory.
Answer:
Swami (King), Amatya (Minister), Janapada (Population and territory), Kosha (treasury), Bala (Army), Durga (Fort). Mithra (International relations).

Question 7.
Mention the four elements of a state.
Answer:
Population, definite territory, sovereignty, and government.

Question 8.
Write any two advantages of a limited population.
Answer:

Nationality among the people.
No unemployment problem.

Question 9.
Name any two states which have a large population.
Answer:

China
India.

Question 10.
Name any two advantages of small territory.
Answer:

Effective administration.
Harmonious relationship between state and people.

Question 11.
Write any two advantages of large territory.
Answer:

Promoting as a strong country in the Global level.
The human resources can be utilised effectively.

Question 12.
Name any two states with large territory.
Answer:

Russia
U.S.A.

Question 13.
Name any two states which have small territory.
Answer:

Vatican city
Monaco

Question 14.
Write the meaning of government.
Answer:
The government his an agent which fulfills the interests of a state.

Question 15.
Mention the organs of government.
Answer:

Legislature.
Executive
Judiciary

Question 16.
Write any two forms of government.
Answer:

Democratic government.
Dictatorial government.

Question 17.
What is the meaning of sovereignty?
Answer:
A supreme power of the state over its citizens is called sovereignty.

Question 18.
Name the aspects of sovereignty.
Answer:

Internal sovereignty.
External sovereignty.

Question 19.
What is Internal Sovereignty?
Answer:
A Country that is free overall its individuals and associations within its territory is called internal Sovereignty.

Question 20.
What is external sovereignty?
Answer:
Freedom of a state which ensures to have an independent foreign policy with other countries is called external sovereignty.

Question 21.
What is the meaning of Society?
Answer:
The term Society refers to the whole complex of the Social relationship of Man. A Society may be defined as an association of individuals.

Question 22.
Write the difference between State and Society.
Answer:
Society was there before the State. It is prior to the State. Society has got variety purposes whereas the State only one object.

Question 23.
What is an associations? Give an example.
Answer:
Associations are a group of people united together to realize some common goals. They are Social institutions. The State is one among associations. Ex. Lions club.

Question 24.
Mention the two differences between State and Association.
Answer:
Membership of the State is Compulsory. It is Voluntary or Optional in the case of association. A Person can be a Citizen of only one State at a time. On the other hand, he can become a member of many associations at the same time.

Question 25.
Write the meaning of the Nation.
Answer:
An emotional feeling of oneness among the people who belongs to common stock is called a nation.

Question 26.
Write any two differences between the State and Nation.
Answer:

State is politically organised Nation is spiritually united
State is objective Nation is subjective.

Question 27.
What is the main difference between the State and Government?
Answer:
The government is the agent of the State. It is the agent through which the will of the State is formulated expressed realized. The State is an abstract concept government, is its concrete
form.

Question 28.
Why is the association ‘Voluntary’?
Answer:
Associations are formed to serve different aspects of Social life. Each having its own aims and objectives. Its membership is optional, so they are Voluntary.

Question 29.
Mention the Elements of Nationality.
Answer:
Common Race, Common Religion, Common Language, Common Culture and Traditions, Common History.

Question 30.
Who is an Alien?
Answer:
An Alien is one who owes his allegiance to his home state and not to the state where he lives temporarily. He enjoys only Civil Rights.

Question 31.
Give the meaning of Secular State.
Answer:
A country that does not have any religion as State religion, and it gives equal importance to all religions and does not insist on any individual to follow a particular religion is called a Secular State.

Question 32.
What is meant by Power?
Answer:
It is one of the subject matters of Political Science. It is the capacity to influence the behavior of others and also the capacity to get things done from others.

Question 33.
What is Dual Citizenship? Give Example?
Answer: The Citizen of a Nation Enjoys two kinds of Citizenship, one of his nation and another is of the state where he actually resides.
E g: U S A and Switzerland.

Question 34.
Name the two features of Power?
Answer:

Power is relative
Power is Circumstantial.

1st PUC Political Science State Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the Importance of the state.
Answer:
1. To realize social good:
the existence of the state enables the realization of social good.

2. Protection of rights and duties:
rights and duties enjoyed by men today can exist only within a state. It also promotes a smooth relationship between the government and the governed.

3. Protection to life and property:
state is the basic structure for the maintenance of law and order, so the property of the people is also protected by the state.

4. Protection of Weaker section of Society:
The state also protects the weaker section of the society like women, children, and minorities.

5. State creates Order in Society:
A society without a state will be one of anarchy. Political organization is necessary⁷ to prevent anarchy.

6. State creates order and Progress m the world:
The conception of the state is not only important within a state to create order but even outside the state in the international sphere.

Question 2.
What is Sovereignty? Explain the two aspects.
Answer:
The supreme power of the state is called Sovereignty. It can not be questioned by any person in the state. The two aspects of Soverignity are as follows.

Internal sovereignty means the supremacy of the state overall individuals and associations within its territory. Every independent state has some person, assembly or group which has the final legal power to command and enforce the authority on behalf of the state. It issues all the orders within its jurisdiction and receives orders from no one. It is absolute and has no legal limitations. Hence the laws of the state are final and binding.

External sovereignity means the state is independent of all external control and force which can coerce a state into obedience. A state is free and equal with other states. An independent state can enter into any treaty or agreement and have its own foreign policy to carry on its own foreign affairs without any interference from other states.

Question 3.
What is the difference between State and Society?
Answer:

State	Society
1. State is supreme institution.	1. Society is not supreme Institution.
2. State originated after the society.	2. Society originated prior state.
3. Scope of state is limited.	3. Scope of society is wider.
4. Definite Territory is essential for the state.	4. Definite territory is not essential for society.
5. State consists of organized people	5. Society consists of both organized and unorganized people.
6. State has sovereignty.	6. Society has no sovereignty.
7. State functions through the government.	7. Society has no government.
8. State is one of the association in the society.	8. Society has many associations of which state is one.
9. Membership of state is compulsory.	9. Membership of society is obligatory.
10. State Studies about Political system.	10. Society studies about social system.
11. State controls our external relations.	11. Society influences on our internal relations.
12. Rules of the state are compulsory.	12. The rules of society are not compulsory.
13.State has the power to punish the people.	13. Society cannot punish people.
14. State has a legal system.	14. Society has no legal system.

Question 4.
Distinguish between State and Association.
Answer:

State	Voluntary Association
1. Definite territory is essential element of state	1. Associations have no definite territory.
2. Membership is compulsory man cannot Give up the membership.	2. Membership is temporary; man can give up the membership.
3. Individual can get the membership of only a state.	3. Individuals can get the membership of various associations as he pleases.
4. State is permanent and continuous.	4. Associations are temporary. State can control and abolish them at any time.
5. State has sovereignty.	5. Associations have no sovereignty.
6. State’s functions are wider.	6. Functions of associations are narrower.

Question 5.
Explain the differences between State and Nation.
Answer:

State	Nation
1. State is Political Institution.	1. Nation is a Social Institution.
2. The State should be a nation.	2. Nation can become state.
3. The state four elements such as population, territory government, and sovereignty.	3. Nation has no four elements. It has Population and territory.
4. State expresses the political concept.	4. Nation has internal, psychological, Spiritual concepts.
5. State is limited.	5. Nation is universal.
6. State has sovereignty.	6. Nation has no sovereignty.
7. State may lose its state ship.	7. Nation is permanent.
8. State is Supreme.	8. Nation is not supreme.
9. State is organized.	9. Nation has social, religious, cultural nature.
10. State has the power to punish the people.	10. Nation has no power to punish the people.

Question 6.
Explain any two elements of Nationality.
Answer:
Common Race:
[Some writers Say racial purely is a factor, which helps in the formation and continuance of nationality].

People belonging to the same race develop strong bonds of unity and form nationality.

There is no pure race in any nation. The USA, Canada, Switzerland and India are belonging to various origins . Thus the racial unity is a desirable factor for the formation of nationality but an absolutely essential factor.

Common Language:
It brings people together. People who speak common language have a strong bond of relationship and unity. It helps people to communicate with each other. For e. g: People of Switzerland speak their languages, Hench, German and Italian but form one nationality. In India, we speak many languages but we belong to one nationality.

Question 7.
Write a note on the general duties of a citizen.
Answer:
Duty is an obligation and a responsibility of a citizen. A Citizen of a state is directed to discharge some functions and prohibited from certain functions. These are called duties. They are broadly divided into moral and legal duties. The legal duties are general duties that are enforced and recognized by the laws of the state. They are compulsory. If a citizen neglects his duty he is punished. The important general duties of a citizen are:

1. Loyalty to the state:
Every citizen should be loyal to his state. This includes his duty to defend the state during the war and his involvement in developmental activities, to Protect and promote unity and integrity of the state and for the maintenance of peace, order, and security of the state.

2. Obedience to law:
Every citizen should obey the laws as disobedience leads to confusion
and disorder.

3. Payment of Taxes:
Every citizen must honestly pay and promptly taxes for the economic development of the state.

4. Honest exercise of the right to vote:
This duty enables citizens to elect gout of their choice which works for development, welfare, security, etc.

Question 8.
Explain the Nature of State.
Answer:

State is sovereign as the people within the state have to obey the laws made by the state.
In order to operate its sovereign power, the state has to use coercive power.
Membership of the state is necessary for man for his very existence.
State protects and promotes individuals’ welfare.
State has come into existence due to the deliberate and conscious efforts of human beings.
State is dynamic in nature as it keeps changing from stage to stage.
State should necessarily have four elements viz, population, territory, government and, sovereignty.

1st PUC Political Science State Ten Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define state and explain its essential elements. .
Answer:
Aristotle defines the state as “A Union of families and villages having for its end a perfect and self-sufficient life, by which we mean a happy and honorable life”.

According to Bluntschli. The state is Politically Organized people According to Wilson, “The state is a people organized for law within a definite territory”. According to Laski, “The state is a territorial society divided into government and subject, etc, claiming within its allotted physical area, a supremacy over all other institutions”.

The above definitions show that there are four essential elements of the state.

Population.
Territory.
Government.
Sovereignty.

1. population:
People are the most important essential of the state. If there are no people there will be nobody to rule and nobody to be ruled. A vacant island or desert can’t constitute a state. Hence, the population is essential for state and without population there can be no state.

For Aristotle, the number should be neither too large nor too small. It should be large enough to be self-sufficient and small enough to be well-governed. The actual population is less than the optimum; the natural resources can’t be fully utilized. If it is more, poverty will be the result.

2. Territory:
Territory is a definite area of earth’s surface where people reside permanently. We can’t think of a state without territory.
The area within these boundaries constitutes the “Territorial Jurisdiction” of a state.

There is no fixed limit to the size of the territory, it may be generally laid down that there should be a proper balance between population and territory.

3. Government:
For the peaceful existence, gout is very much essential for a state. The government is the machinery, which regulates controls and directs human behavior in society. It is an agency of the state through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and executed. The entire population of a political community makes a state. The gout is composed of few persons duly elected or selected. There are branches of government. They are legislature, executive and judiciary. The form of government differs from state to state.

4. Sovereignty:
It means the supreme power of the state. The term sovereignty derived from the Latin word supreranus, which means supreme. There are two aspects of sovereignty Internal and external ‘sovereignty’. Internal means supreme legal authority and group within its territory. External means freedom of state from any kind of outside control. It means Pot – Independence of state. ‘Sovereignty’ is the most important element of the State.

Question 2.
Explain the Importance of state.
Ans.
1. To realize social good:
The existence of the state enables the realization of social good.

2. Protection of rights and duties:
Rights and duties enjoyed by men today can exist only within a state. It also promotes a smooth relationship between the government and the governed.

3. Protection to life and property:
State is the basic structure for the maintenance of law and order, so the property of the people is also protected by the state.

4. Protection of Weaker section of Society:
The state also protects the weaker section of society like women, children, and minorities.

5. State creates Order in Society:
A society without a state will be one of anarchy. Political organization is necessary to prevent anarchy.

6. State creates order and Progress in the world:
The conception of the state is not only important within a state to create order but even outside the state in the international sphere.

Question 3.
What is meant by Nation and Nationality?
Ans.
Writers on political science are not agreed on the exact meaning of word nationality. The term. Nation and Nationality have been used interchangeably. Both the term Nation and Nationality are derived from the same root word ‘Nato’, which means born, birth, or race. The word nation has acquired a political meaning whereas nationality acquired spiritual meaning.

According to Lord Bryce, a nation means a self governs nationality.
To Gilchrist, a nation means state plus nationality refers to the feeling of oneness, which exists among a group of people with common race, religion, common language, etc.
The meaning of the word nation is not very clear as we have already stated this word derived from the word ‘Nato’ which means birth.

The Major points of difference are as follower.

The state refers to a politically organized society oh a given territory. Nation comprises of a group of people united by several ethnic factors.
The state is a political concept and a political organization. It signifies common consciousness and units.
The term state is narrow and technical. It consists of four elements of population, territory, government, and sovereignty.
State may be inhabited by heterogeneous groups of people. The nation is homogeneous in composition.
The state is sovereign. Sovereignty is its most essential feature. Without sovereignty may still be called a nation. Before 15^th August 1947 Indian was a nation, but not a state.

1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 5 Constitution of India

November 2, 2023

You can Download Chapter 5 Constitution of India Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 5 Constitution of India

1st PUC Political Science Constitution of India One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
When did the constitution of India came into force?
Answer:
The constitution as a whole came into force with effect from January 26, 1950.

Question 2.
Who was elected as a temporary president of the constituent assembly?
Answer:
Sachidanda Sinha elected as a temporary president of the constituent assembly.

Question 3.
Who was elected permanent chairman of the Constituent Assembly?
Answer:
Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the permanent chairman of the constituent assembly.

Question 4.
Who was the chairman of the drafting committee?
Answer:
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting committee.

Question 5.
Name any two members of the Indian constituent assembly.
Answer:
Acharya Krupalani and K.M. Munshi are two members of the Indian constituent assembly.

Question 6.
How many members were there in the constituent assembly?
Answer:
There were 389 members in the constituent assembly.

Question 7.
When did the drafting committee submitted the draft of Indian constitution?
Answer:
The first draft submitted on February 1948 and the second one on October 1948.

Question 8.
When did the constituent assembly accept the draft of the Indian constitution?
Answer:
The constituent assembly accepts the draft of the Indian constitution on 26^th November 1949.

Question 9.
How many articles exist in the original constitution.
Answer:
There are 395 articles that exists in the original constitution.

Question 10.
How many articles exist now in our constitution.
Answer:
There are 465 articles that exist now in our constitution.

Question 11.
Which is the lengthiest constitution in the world?
Answer:
The Constitution of India is the lengthiest constitution in the world.

Question 12.
Which is the shortest constitution in the world?
Answer:
The American constitution is the shortest constitution in the world.

Question 13.
How much time has been taken by the constituent assembly to make the Indian constitution?
Answer:
The constituent assembly took 2 years 11 months and 18 days with 11 session to make the Indian constitution.

Question 4.
Who described the preamble as the “political horoscope” of the constitution?
Answer:
K. M. Munshi described the preamble as the “political horoscope” of the constitution.

Question 15.
Mention the words which were added to the preamble by the 42^nd amendment.
Answer:
The words “Socialism” and “Secular” were added to the preamble by the 42^nd amendment.

Question 16.
Name the three lists of division of power.
Answer:

Centre list
State list
Concurrent list.

Question 17.
Name the part which contains the directive principles of state policy.
Answer:
Part IV of the constitution contains the directive principles of state policy.

Question 18.
Name the part which contains the fundamental rights.
Answer:
Part III of Indian constitution.

Question 19.
Which amendment removes the right to property from fundamental rights.
Answer:
44^th amendment removes the right to property from fundamental rights.

Question 20.
Which article refers to right to constitutional remedies?
Answer:
Article 32 refers to right to constitutional remedies.

Question 21.
How many fundamental duties were there in the constitution?
Answer:
There were 11 fundamental duties were there in the constitution.

Question 22.
Name the body that framed the Indian constitution.
Answer:
The constitution of free India was framed by the Constituent Assembly.

Question 23.
When the constituent Assembly was constituted?
Answer:
It was elected in the year 1946 under the cabinet mission plan.

Question 24.
Which body drafted the constitution of India?
Answer:
A Drafting committee drafted the constitution of India.

Question 25.
What is meant by a preamble?
Answer:
It is one which declares the aims and objectives of constitution.

Question 26.
What is secular state?
Answer:
It is where there is freedom of religion state doesn’t interfere with the individuals religious matters.

Question 27.
What is ordinance?
Answer:
It is temporary law issued by executive for the sake of administrative convenience or to meet the urgent situation.

Question 28.
What is Republic?
Answer:
It means that India shall have an elected representative as the head of the state for a limited period of time.

Question 29.
Mention the number of articles and schedules in constitution of India.
Answer:
It originally consisted of 395 articles and 9 schedules. At present there are 445 articles and 12 schedules.

Question 30.
Which new words were added to preamble by 42^nd amendment to the constitution Assembly act 1947?
Answer:
The word secular was added.

Question 31.
Name the lengthiest constitution in the world.
Answer:
Indian constitution.

1st PUC Political Science Constitution of India Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is preamble?
Answer:
It is the introduction of constitution which deals with the aims and objectives.

Question 2.
Name the two aspects of sovereignty?
Answer:

Internal sovereignty.
External sovereignty.

Question 3.
What is the meaning of a socialist state?
Answer:
Bringing about socio-economic changes to ensure a decent life to Indian citizens is called a socialist state.

Question 4.
State the meaning of secular state.
Answer:
The government cannot extend special favour to any particular religion and treats equal is called secular state.

Question 5.
What do you mean by republic state?
Answer:
The head of the state directly or indirectly elects through election for a fixed tenure is called republic state.

Question 6.
What do you mean by parliamentary form of government?
Answer:
The executive is created by the legislature and responsible for it. It is known as the parliamentary form of government.

Question 7.
What do you mean by fundamental rights?
Answer:
Fundamental rights are the facilities granted by the law to develop the individual personalities of the citizens.

Question 8.
What do you mean by directive principles of state policy?
Answer:
Directive principles of state policy are provisions enshrined in the constitution to provide the ideals of social and economic democracy.

Question 9.
Give the meaning of single citizenship.
Answer:
All the Indians irrespective of state, province are having only one citizenship is called single citizenship.

Question 10.
State the emergency power of the president.
Answer:

Under article 352 National emergency.
Under article 356 state emergency.
Under article 360 financial emergency.

Question 11.
List out the fundamental rights.
Answer:

Right to equality.
Right to liberty.
Right against exploitation.
Right to freedom of religion.
Cultural and educational rights.
Right to constitutional remedies.

Question 12.
Name the different kinds of writs.
Answer:

Habeas corpus
Prohibition
Certiorari.
Oro – warrant.

Question 13.
What you mean by universal adult franchaise?
Answer:
All the citizens who attained the particular age are having right to vote irrespective of caste, creed, religion is called universal adult franchaise.

Question 14.
Name the freedoms mentioned in article 19 of the constitution,
Answer:

Freedom of speech and expression.
Freedom of rally.
Freedom of association.
Freedom of travelling in India.
Freedom of residing in India.
Freedom of carrying any job.

Question 15.
Write a short note on the drafting committee of the constitution of India?
Answer:
The constituent assembly set up a drafting committee of 7 members with Dr. Ambedkar as its chairman. The constituent assembly spent more than 2 years in thoroughly discussing and enacting the constitution.

Question 16.
What are territorial constituencies?
Answer:
Areas delimited for the purpose of election are called constituencies. Each state or union territory is divided into elected areas or territorial constituencies as parliamentary constituencies.

Question 17.
Write the reservation of seats for scheduled castes and tribes?
Answer:
A Specified number of seats are reserved for the scheduled castes and tribes in Loksabha. From a reserved constituency, persons belonging to these castes and tribes can contest an election. This provision was made to provide due to representation to the weaker sections of the society.

18.
What is consolidated fund of India?
Answer:
The expenditure considered being a charge on the consolidated fund of India is not put to the vote of parliament. It includes salaries of president.

19.
Write the meaning of federation.
Answer:
The word federation is derived from the Latin word ‘foedus’, which means treaty or agreement. The federal form of government comes into existence through treaty or agreement federation is born by creating new state.

1st PUC Political Science Constitution of India Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Give an introductory note on Indian constitution.
Answer:
The framers of constitution of India drew the ideals, principles and even the organizational details from many sources. They have harrowed extensively from several well-known constitutions of the world.

It has incorporated the parliamentary system of England. The USA has taken mainly from the government of India Act 1935.

The objectives, resolution adopted by the constituent assembly in its first session became the basis of the preamble to constitution.

Question 2.
Write a short note on constituent assembly.
Answer:
It was set up under the 1946, cabinet mission plan. The assembly consisted of representatives of all important communities. The constituent assembly met on 11^th December 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was unanimously elected as its president.

The constituent assembly initially consisted of 389 members 292 from the British India province and 93 from the states. The elections were held in July 1946.

On 29^th August 1947, the constituent assembly appointed a drafting committee, under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Question 3.
Write about the drafting committee.
Answer:
The drafting committee of the Indian constitution has been formed on 29^th August 1947 and B.R. Ambedkar was elected as a chairman. The main responsibility that entrusted to the drafting committee to draft the new constitution. It consists of 7 members called B.R. Ambedkar, chairman, B.L. Mitter, N: Gopalaswamy Ayvangar, Alladi KrishswamyAyyar, Dr. K.M Munshi, Saiyid Mohd Saadullah, D.R Khaitan.

The drafting committee prepared the first draft which was published in February 1948. It prepared a second draft which was published in October 1948 and completed its work in 141 days. On 29^th November 1949, the constituent assembly accepts and enacted the Indian constitution.

Question 4.
Write the text of the preamble of the Indian constitution.
Answer:
The preamble of the constitution of India explains the aims and ideology and reads as:
WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, DEMOCRATIC, SOCIALIST, SECULAR and REPUBLIC Nation and securing to all its citizens.
JUSTICE – social, economic and political.
LIBERTY – of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship.
EQUALITY – of status and of opportunity and to promote among them all.
FRATERNITY – assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and the integrity of the Nation.
The idea of the preamble has been borrowed from constitution of U.S.A.

Question 5. Explain the principles of the preamble.
Answer:
The preamble of the constitution of India explains the aims and ideology and reads as:
WE THE PEOPLE OF INDIA having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, DEMOCRATIC, SOCIALIST, SECULAR and REPUBLIC Nation and securing to all its citizens.

JUSTICE – social, economic and political.
LIBERTY – of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship.
EQUALITY – of status and of opportunity and to promote among them all.
FRATERNITY – assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and the integrity of the Nation.
The idea of the preamble has been borrowed from constitution of U.S.A.

Question 6.
List out the fundamental duties of Indian citizens.
Answer:
The 42^nd amendment has incorporated a number of fundamental duties.

Abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the national flag and, national anthem.
Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
Defend the country and render national service.
Promote common brotherhood and harmony.
Value and preserve our composite culture.
Protect the natural environment.
Develop the scientific temper.
Strive towards excellence in all sphere.

Question 7.
Explain the different kinds of writs.
Answer:
1. Habeas corpus: It is an order issued by the court to produce the person who has wrongly detained within 24 hours.

2. Mandamus: It is a command issued by the court to ask the government official for performing his duties.

3. Prohibition: It is issued by a higher court to lower court to prevent their exceeding jurisdiction.

4. Certiorari: It is issued by a higher court to lower court to transfer a case pending with the later in a case.

5. Quo – warranto: It is issued by a court to enquire into the legality of claim of a person to public office.

Question 8.
Write a short note on RTE.
Answer:
RTE stands right to education which means all the children in India are entitled to get compulsory and free education. The 86^th amendment act of 2002 provides an opportunity to get free and compulsory education to all the children from the age 6 to 14 years.

Parliament passed the compulsory education act on 2009 and in compliance of the central government, the Karnataka government framed rules and enforced from 28th April 2012. Main provisions of RTE

All the children from the age of 6 to 14 should get free and compulsory education.
The responsibility of the parents are to send their children to the school.
The provisions are made to ensure the education facilities especially to the weaker section and child belonging to a disadvantaged group.
The central and state government have jointly responsible to carry over this scheme.
To provide the education to all the children, the government should establish the schools accesses to the children.
The government should bear the expenses of education and should pay the same to education institutions.
The concerned BEO and DDPI should have responsibility to look after this.

Question 9.
Why is the Indian Constitution called quasi-federal?
Answer:
The constitution of India has been described as quasi-federal because it has both federal and unitary features. Though the constitution of India establishes a federal form of government. The term federation has not been used anywhere in the constitution. The framers of constitution incorporated a number of unitary elements such as strong centre, single citizenship, appointment of governess by the centre, etc. According to K.C. Where the Indian constitution establishes a system of government which is almost quasi-federal.

Question 10.
What is Right to freedom?
Answer:
Our constitution guarantees 6 valuable freedoms to the citizens of India.

The freedom of speech and expression.
To assemble peacefully without arms.
To form associations or unions.
To move freely across the length and breadth of the country.
To reside or settle down in any part of India.
To carry on any lawful trade or occupation.

1st PUC Political Science Constitution of India Ten Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the salient features of the Indian constitution.
Answer:
Salient Features of the Indian Constitution are:
The constitution of India came into force on 26^th January, 1950. The preamble enumerates the source, the nature and high aims and ideals of the constitution. The preamble cannot be enforced in a court of law it is a grand declaration.

The following are the salient features of the constitution of India:
1.Detailed and Written Constitution:
The constitution of India is a comprehensive document. It is detailed and lengthy constitution in the world. It consists of 445 Articles, 22 parts, 12 schedules, and 100 Amendments. The bulk of the constitution is due to many reasons. Such as :

It contains the broad principles and details of administration.
The constitution provides for the administrative machinery at the centre and also in the States.
Incorporation of Fundamental rights and directive principles of state policy.
Special provision for safeguarding the interest of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes,
UPSC and SPSC and Election Commission, Independent Judiciary,
Official languages and regional languages etc. have been dealt with in the constitution.

2. Sovereign, Democratic, Republic:
The constitution of India is Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic and Republic.

India is a sovereign state and it is subject to no other authority either in her internal affairs or external relations. Its power is absolute internally and externally within its sphere.
42 Amendment Act of 1976 declares India to be a socialist state.
Preamble to the constitution declares that India is a sovereign democratic Republic. The President of India is elected and his term of office is five years.

3.Single Citizenship:
The constitution of India has established a single and uniform citizenship for the whole of the country. Single citizenship implies that all Indian citizens owe allegiance to the Indian Union. Any citizen, irrespective of his birth or residence, is entitled to enjoy civil and political rights throughout India In all states and Union Territories.

4.Fundamental Rights:
Part III of the Indian constitution embodies six fundamental Rights, which are guaranteed to the people of India. These rights are sacred and sacrosanct and cannot be violated. The constitution makes the Supreme Court and the High Courts, the guardian of rights and liberties of the people. However they are not absolute. The constitution imposes necessary limitations and the rights can be suspended under conditions of grave emergency.

Right to Equality.
Right to Freedom.
Right against Exploitation.
Right to Religion.
Cultural and Educational Rights.
Right to constitutional Remedies.

5. Fundamental Duties:
The 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976 has incorporated ten duties for even Indian citizen.

To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals, institutions, the flag, and the National Anthem.
To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspire our national struggle for freedom.
To uphold and protect the sovereignty; unity and integrity of India.
To defend the country and render national services when called upon to do so.
To promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India.
To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.
To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the script of inquiry and reform.
To safeguard public property and to adjure violence,
To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collection activity.

6.Secular and Socialist State:
At the time of drafting the constitution, the framers did not have the vision to mention these words in the preamble of the constitution. But these words were added in the preamble by the 42^nd Amendment Act of 1976. Accordingly, India is a secular and non-religious in character. In fact, it does not identify itself with any religion. India is neither religious, nor irreligious, nor anti-religious but it is detached from the religious dogmas and activities. The aim of the constitution is too make India a socialist state on the basis of welfare programs.

7. Backward Classes and Minorities:
The constitution protects the interest of the backward class and the Minorities.

8. Official language:
Hindi. is laid as the official language of India. A common official language symbolized the unity of the country.

9. Directive Principles of State Policy:
It is another important feature of the Indian constitution. It contains various aims and aspirations to fulfilled by the state. They are instruments of instructions to the government to follow specific polices.

10.Parliamentary System of Government:
The Indian constitution proposed a parliamentary system of government for India.

11. Federation with strong centre:
The constitution has laid down a federal form of government; with a Union of the states. The Union is more powerful than the states.

12. Independent Judiciary:
The judiciary under the constitution is made independent of the legislature and the executive. It protects the fundamental rights and safeguards the provisions of the constitution. In fact, it is the guardian of the constitution and protector of Fundamental Rights.

13. Judicial review:
The Supreme Court of India has the power of judicial review. It can declare laws enacted by the parliament and state legislatures and orders passed by the executive as invalid if found contrary to the provisions of the constitution.

14. Election Commission:
The constitution provides for the establishment of Election Commission for the whole country. It conducts free and fair elections of the president, vice-president, members of parliament and state legislatures from time to time. It consists of one chief Election commissioner and two other Election commissioners who are appointed by the president of India for the period of 6 years.

15. Rigidity and flexibility:
There is a unique procedure of constitutional amendment. Article 368 of the constitution deals with the amendment procedure:

(a) By simple majority:
The creation of new states, creation or abolition of the legislative council, etc. These can be amended by a simple majority in both the houses of the union parliament.

(b) By half – simple and half-rigid method:
The provisions such as citizenship, Fundamental Rights, Directive principles, etc., shall be amended by 2/3 majority of members present and voting in both houses of the parliament.

(c) By Rigid Method:
The method of amending the constitution involves rigid procedure. Matters relating to the election and powers of the president and powers of the Union and State government. Union judiciary, establishment of High Court, division of legislative powers, representation of states in Union Parliament, etc., can be amended by 2/3 majority members of both houses of the Union parliament and has to be ratified by not less than half of the state legislature.

16. Adult.Franchise:
Every person who is a citizen of India and who are above 18 years of age irrespective, gender is entitled to be registered as a voter.

17. Emergency provisions: the constitution of India envisages three types of emergencies. which the president may proclaim in different critical situations. Such as:

(a) National Emergency:
Article 352 provides national emergency. If the president is satisfied that the security of India or any part thereof is threatened by war, or external aggression or internal disturbance, he may issue a proclamation of emergency. But it must be laid before each house of parliament for approval.

(b) Failure of constitutional machinery in the state:
The president on the receipt of report from the Governor of a state if satisfied, that a situation has arisen in which the government of a state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution, he can proclaim state emergency. It is to be approved by each House of parliament within two months. But normally it remains for six months and can be continued for three years.

(c) Financial Emergency:
The president of India is satisfied that the financial stability of India is any part thereof is threatened he may proclaim financial emergency . It expires at the end of two months unless it is approved by the parliament.

18. Local self-Governments:
A constitutional statue was given to local self-governments in accordance with the 73^rd and 74^th constitutional amendments which were made in the year 1992 and came into force in 1993.

Question 2.
Explain the Fundamental Rights of Indian Citizens.
Answer:
The III Part of the constitution of India has guaranteed seven fundamental rights. But the 44^th Amendment Act of 1978 deleted 6^th fundamental right; right to property. Now it remains only a legal right. All the fundamental rights come under articles from 12 to 35. These rights are explained as under

1. Right to Equality:
(14 to 18) Article 14 confers on all the citizens equality before the law and equal protection of the law.

Article 15 prohibits any discrimination by the state towards its citizens on grounds of race, religion, caste, gender, and place of birth. The same article throws open public places, like shops, wells, restaurants, etc. to all citizens.

Article 16 provides for equality in matters of public employment. No one shall be discriminated against on the grounds of race, religion, caste, gender, place of birth and residence. But the state may discriminate in favor of Backward classes of citizens by reserving jobs in the Government.

Article 17 prohibits the practice of untouchability in any form. Those who practice it will be severely punished.

Article 18 prohibits the state from conferring titles like Rao Bahadur, His Highness, etc, on its citizens. However, it may award military or civil distinction like Paramavir Chakra,
Bharat Ratna, Padma Bhushan, Padmashree.

2. Right to Freedom (19 to 22) Article 19 gives 6 freedoms to the citizens of India. Such as:

Freedom of speech and expression.
Assemble peacefully without arms.
Form associations.
Move freely within the country.
To reside and settle down in any part of the country.
To practice any profession or trade.

Article 20 – lays down the Right to personal Life and Liberty.
No person shall be arrested when the law is not in operation.
No person shall be punished more than once for the same offence.
No person shall be forced to give evidence against himself.

Article 21 – No person shall be deprived of his life and liberty except according to the procedure established by law. The punishment shall be enforced only when he is punished.

Article 22 – Preventive Detention provides safeguards to persons under arrest. They are:
22 (1) the person arrested shall be informed on the grounds of his arrest as soon as possible.
22 (2) the person arrested shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within 24 hours of his arrest. He shall not be denied the right to consult and be defended by a lawyer.
22 (3) preventive detention shall not be applicable to the person who has been arrested according to law.
22 (4) the person who has been arrested shall not be detained in custody for more than 3 months.
22 (5) the person who has been arrested and detained in custody shall be informed of the ground of his arrest.
22 (6) to inform the ground of arrest against the public interest shall be informed.
22(7) with the approval of the parliament the detention period shall Be extended, more than 3 months.

3. Right against Exploitation: (23 to 24)
Article 23 prohibits traffic in human beings and forced labour. Selling of women into prostitution is prohibited.
Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below 14 years of age in factories and mines which is of hazardous nature.

4. Right to Religion: (25 to 28)
Article 25 – Every citizen has the right to profess, propagate and practice any religion as he pleases subject to public peace and morality.
Article 26 – Every religious group shall establish institutions for charitable and religious purposes and manage its internal affairs and acquire the property.
Article 27 – State shall not collected taxes for the maintenance of any particular religion or religious institution.
Article 28 – no religions instructions shall be given in the government or aided educational institutions.

5. Cultural and Educational Rights: (29 to 30)
Article 29- Every citizen has the right to protect the culture and script of his choice.
Article 30 gives the right to any cultural group or minority community to run an educational institution and the government shall not make any discrimination while making grants.

6. Right to constitutional Remedies: (32)
It protects the citizens against encroachment of his rights. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar said that this right is “the heart and soul of the constitution”. Every citizen has the right to move to the court if his rights are encroached by anybody. Article 32 (1) The Supreme Court is empowered to issue writs of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo-Warranto and Certiorari. Article 226-High Court can also issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights. This right is regarded as die custodian of all the rights.

Question 3.
Write a note on constituent assembly.
Answer:
The first of Constituent Assembly was held on 9^th December, 1946. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was made as the President of the Constituent Assembly. The historic objectives resolution was moved in the Government Assembly by Nehru on 13^th December 1946 The beautifully worded draft of the objectives resolution cast the horoscope of the sovereign Democratic Republic.

The Constituent Assembly appointed a number of committees to deal with the framing of the constitution. The committees worked hard and produced valuable reports. These reports were considered by the Constituent Assembly and later considered by the drafting committee. On 29^th August 1947, the Constituent Assembly appointed a Drafting Committee under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to scrutinize the draft of the constitution, prepared by constitutional advisor B. N. Rau.

The constitution of India was drafted by the Drafting Committee and was submitted to the president of the Constituent Assembly on 21^st February 1948. A large number of comments, criticism, and suggestions for the amendment of the draft were received. The Drafting Committee decided to issue a report of the draft constitution and was submitted to the President of the Assembly on 26^th October. 1948.

The second reading of the constitution was completed on 16^th Nov 1949 and on the next day the Constituent Assembly took up the third reading of the constitution. It was adopted on 26^th Nov 1949. The Constituent Assembly accomplished the tremendous task of framing the constitution in 2 years 11 months and 18 days. The constitution was finally signed by members of the Constituent Assembly. The same constitution came into force on 26^th Jan 1950.

Besides framing the constitution, the Constituent Assembly performed several other important functions like passing certain statues, adopting the national flag, declaring the national anthem, ratifying the decision in regard to the membership of the commonwealth and election of the first president of the Republic.
The draft of the constitution contained 18 parts 8 schedules and 445 articles are considered as the most bulky and lengthiest in the world.

Question 4.
Explain the Directive principles of state policy.
Answer:
Our constitution lays down some directives in the nature of moral guides to the state. These are non – enforceable. The idea of incorporating directives or ideals or goals in the constitution was borrowed from the Irish constitution. The directive principles are contained in part IV of the constitution, in Article 36 to 51.

Full list of the Directive Principles:
Article 39: The state shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing:

That the citizens, men, and women equally, have the right to an adequate means to livelihood.
That the ownership and control of the material resources to be useful for the common good.
That the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common determinant.
That there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
That the health and strength of the workers, men, and women, and the tender age of children are not used and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter vocations unsuitable to their age or strength.
That children are given opportunities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.

Classification of Directives:
The directive principles are embodied in Articles from 36 to 51. They cover a wide range of state activities concerning social, economic, legal, educational and International principles. They are classified into four categories, such as welfare, Gandhian, liberal and general principles.

Welfare Principles:
These principle aims at the attainment of the welfare state.
Article 38 provides that the state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of national life.

Article 39 provides that the state shall direct its policy towards securing that.

The citizens, men, and women equally have the right to an adequate means of livelihood.
The ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as to subserve the common good.
The operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment.
There is equal pay for equal work for both men and women.
The health and strength of workers, men, women, and children are not abused and that citizens are not forced to enter vocations unsuitable to their age.
Childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and moral and mental abandonment.

Article 41 ensures that the right to work education and public assistance in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement and other cases of undeserved want.

Article 42 provides that provisions shall be made by the state for securing just and human conditions of work and maternity relief.

Article 43 exhorts the state to secure to all workers – industrial, agricultural work, a living wage, conditions of work, decent standard of life, enjoyment of leisure, social and cultural opportunities.

Article 46 provides that the state shall take special care of the economic and educational interest of the weaker sections particularly of SC’s and ST’s and protect them from social injustice and exploitation.

Article 47 states that are made duty-bound to raise the level of nutrition, the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health.

Gandhian Principles:
The Gandhian philosophy finds its expression in some of the articles mentioned in the 4^th part of the constitution. Such as :

To organize village Panchayats and endow them with such powers as may enable them to function as units of self-government.
To promote the educational and economic interests of SC’s ST’s and weaker sections of the people.
To promote cottage industries on an individual and co-operative basis.
To take steps for preventing and improving the breeds of milk and drought cattle, including cows and prohibition of slaughter of cows.
Prohibition of consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injuries to health (except for medical purpose).

Liberal Principles:
These principles are embedded in the following provisions.

To secure uniform civil code for the citizens throughout the territory of India.
To provide free and compulsory education for the children up to the age of 14 years of age.
To organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modem and scientific lines.
To take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public service of the state.
Article 49 provides that it is the obligation of the state to protect every historical monu¬ment or place for national interest.

General Principles:

The state shall promote international peace and security.
To maintain just and honorable relations between nations.
To foster respect for international law and treaty obligations.
To encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitrations.

Criticism:

The directives have been subjected to serve criticisms.
These principles are considered as mere platitudes without any practical use for the people.
There is no immediate social and economic program for the people.
These principles do not attract the people as they are silent and not inspiring.
These principles are neither properly classified nor logically arranged.
There is no legal force behind them.
These principles are not legally enforceable.

1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 1 Political Science as a Discipline

November 2, 2023

You can Download Chapter 1 Political Science as a Discipline Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 1 Political Science as a Discipline

1st PUC Political Science as a Discipline One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who is known as the Father of Political Science?
Answer:
Aristotle is known as the father of Political Science.

Question 2.
Who studied political science first scientifically?
Answer:
Aristotle studies political science first scientifically.

Question 3.
Name the book written by Aristotle.
Answer:
Aristotle wrote the book “The Politics”.

Question 4.
Name any one of the city-state of ancient Greece?
Answer:
Sparta is one city-state of ancient Greece.

Question 5.
What is political science?
Answer:
A study of the political activities of human being is called political science,

Question 6.
Who called political science as supreme or master science?
Answer:
Aristotle.

Question 7.
Who said, ‘man is a social animal’?
Answer:
Aristotle.

Question 8.
How many constitutions did Aristotle study prior to writing ‘The politics’?
Answer:
Aristotle studies 158 constitutions prior to write ‘The politics’.

Question 9.
Which is the root word of Politics’?
Answer:
Politics is derived from the Greek word ‘polis’.

Question 10.
What is the meaning of word ‘polis’?
Answer:
‘Polis’ means Greek City-States.

Question 11.
Name the book written by Machiavelli?
Answer:
The book written by Machiavelli is ‘The prince’.

Question 12.
Which is the root word of Political Science?
Answer:
Greek word‘Polis’is the root word of Political Science.

Question 13.
To which branch of science does Political Science belong?
Answer:
Political Science is an exact science. It belongs to the category of Social Science.

Question 14.
Which scholar considered Political Science to be both normative and descriptive?
Answer:
MAX WEBER considered Political Science to be both normative and descriptive.

Question 15.
What are the major divisions of Political Science?
Answer:
The major division of Political Science is

Study of Political Theory.
Normative and Empirical study.
Study of Political institutions.

Question 16.
Mention the writers who believed Political Science to be a study of the state alone.
Answer:
Garies, Garner, Goodnow, and Bluntschli believed political science to be the study of the state alone.

Question 17.
For what reason Political Science cannot be regarded as science?
Answer:

Political Science deals with human beings and society where there is no uniform behaviour among the people.
It cannot have exact and universal laws.

Question 18.
Who said a man is a social animal?
Answer:
Aristotle has said man is a social animal.

Question 19.
Write the definition of Political Science given by G W. Garner.
Answer:
G W. Garner: Political science begins and ends with the state.

Question 20.
Who said political Science is a master science?
Answer:
Aristotle said political science is a master science.

Question 21.
Who wrote the book ‘Republic’?
Answer:
Plato wrote the book ‘Republic’.

Question 22.
What is the subject matter of Political Science?
Answer:
State and Government are subject matter of Political Science.

Question 23.
What is the meaning of ‘Politics’?
Answer:
The word ‘Politics’ is derived from the word ‘Polis’, which means city to Greeks, which deals with city-state.

1st PUC Political Science as a Discipline Two Marks Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Define political science.
Answer:
Political Science is the part of social science which deals with the study of the state, government, law, people, power and other political concepts of the state. Aristotle considered the father of political science.

Question 2.
Name the divisions of the scope of political science.
Answer:

Political theory
Political institutions
Political parties
International relations.

Question 3.
What is the subject matter of political science?
Answer:
The subject matter of political science is state and government.

Question 4.
Why is ‘man is a social animal’?
Answer:
Aristotle said, man, is a social animal because man can fulfill his basic desires, needs, requirements and protect himself. He cannot live all alone himself and he is not self-sufficient and self reliant.

Question 5.
What is the scope of political science?
Answer:
The scope of political science means boundary or the sphere of the province of the subject. It means the subject matter of the study.

Question 6.
What do you know about the Greek city-states?
Answer:
In the ancient days, the Greeks lived in city-states. In those days, city-states were very small. People were living in small city-states and direct democracy was existing in those city-states.

Question 7.
In which of the ancient Indian work do we find reference to state administration?
Answer:
We find references of state administration in the works of Kautilya in ‘Arthashastra’, Kamandaka in ‘Neetisara’, Rigveda, Yajurveda, Shukraneetisara and Manusmrithi.

Question 8.
When and where was the International Political Science Conference held?
Answer:
The International Political Science Conference was held in Paris in 1948 under the UNESCO conference.

Question 9.
Who is called the Greek Philosopher Trio?
Answer:
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are called a Greek philosopher Trio.

Question 10.
Who are the writers who said political science is a science?
Answer:
Aristotle, Bodin, Hobbes, Machiavelli, Montesque, Lewis, Bluntschli argues that political science is a science.

Question 11.
Who are the writers who said political science is an art?
Answer:
J.S. Mill, Buckle, August Compte, Maitland, James Bryce, and Charles A. Bryde says that political science is an art.

Question 12.
Write the definition of Political Science given by Paul Janet.
Answer:
According to Paul Janet, “Political Science is’ that part of social science, which treats the foundation of the state and principle of government”.

Question 13.
Explain the nature of political Science.
Answer:
He who is unable to live in society must be either a beast or a god. It means that man is a social animal. He cannot lead a life of isolation. He has to live in society. To satisfy his wants man has to live in society. Man is not only a social animal but he also a political animal. He is quarrelsome by nature, to control this behaviour some laws are needed.

Question 14.
Is Political Science a Philosophy?
Answer:
Some writers consider political science as a part of philosophy because it deals with abstract concepts. But we cannot fully accept this argument because political science deals not only .with theories and ideas but also with practice.

Question 15.
Is the study of Political Science a must for every Politician?
Answer:
Politician is a person who takes an active part in politics. It is very much necessary for a politician to study political science. It teaches him good governance about the state and working of the government.

16. Is the study of political Science necessary for every citizen?
Answer:
The study of political science is very much necessary for every citizen, especially in a democracy. To know the value of vote, rights and to take part actively in the administration of the government.

Question 17.
Write the two definitions of Political Science.
Answer:
According to Paul Janet “Political Science is that part of social science which treats the foundation of the state and principles of government”. According to Gilchrist “Political Science deals with state and government”.

Question 18.
Who are the writers who said Political Science is the study of the state alone?
Answer:
Garies, Garner, Goodnow, and Bluntschli are a group of thinkers who maintain that only the state is the subject matter of political science.

Question 19.
Who are the writers who say political science is the study of government alone?
Answer:
Stephen Leacock, John Seelay and Robson argued that political science deals with the only government. They believed that the subject matter of political science is the government.

Question 20.
Mari cannot live in isolation, Why?
Answer:
Man cannot live in isolation because he is a social animal and as such he is born and lives in the society living together give protection and security and man can fulfill all his basic necessities.

Question 21.
Give Gettell’s definition of political science.
Answer:
According to Gettell, Political Science is a historical investigation of what the state has been, an analytical study of what the state is and a political ethical discussion of what the state should be.

Question 22.
Mention any one major work of Plato and Aristotle.
Answer:
Plato – The Republic. Aristotle – Politics.

1st PUC Political Science as a Discipline Five Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Discuss the evolution of political science.
Answer:
Man can understand the world with the help of science. Science is classified into different divisions such as physical science, biological science, and social science. Physical science helps us to discover new innovations, Biological science helps us to know nature. Social science helps us to know- the world in different dimensions. Social science includes history, economics, sociology, political science, geography, psychology, Ethics, philosophy, etc. Political science is one of the important branches of social science and occupies a very significant role in understanding the evolution of human beings.

The subject matter of political science is an ancient one. The ancient Greek philosophers have laid a good foundation for political science. In fact, the ancient Indian thinkers have referred to the concepts of political science in their works and historical documents. References are made on the state administration in the works of Kautilya in ‘Arthashatra1, Shukraneetisara of Shukra and Manusmirthi of Manu. But these works are focused more on religious consciousness rather than political awareness.

Hence the study of political science was neither systematic nor scientific during that period. The credit for developing the theory of political science on a systematic and scientific basis rightly goes to the Greeks. Socrates a great ancient Greek philosopher contributed his political thinking through dialogues.

Plato emphasized his political views in his work ‘The Republic’. Whereas, Aristotle went a step ahead and made his approach to the study of political science more realistic. He laid a scientific foundation for the study of political science and regarded it as the “Supreme science”. He expressed his political thinking in his familiar work “The Politics”. In the modem context, Machiavelli of Italy added a new dimension to the study of political science in his great work “The prince”.

Question 2.
Explain the nature of political science.
Answer:
Aristotle says that man by nature is a social animal. He born in society, live in society and die in society only. To fulfill his needs, he created society. In society only he can enjoy all the facility’s love and affection. Away from society he maybe God or ghost. Man is a social being at the same time he is a political being also.

He is a selfish, egoist and quarrelsome by nature. The attitudes of selfish, egoist and jealousy of a man lead to anarchy in the society while leading the life. So the order of the society may be disrupted and man cannot lead his life happily and peacefully.

In order to control the bad behavior of such people and establish a peaceful society, there should be rules and regulations. The state has emerged to frame and implement these rules through its agency “The Government”. So the state controls the political activities of the human being and restore peace in the society. The subject which studies about the state, government, the political activities of a human being is regarded as political science.

Question 3.
Explain the scope of political science.
Answer:
Aristotle described political science as a ‘master science’ which made it perhaps the greatest contribution to the making of political science scientific. Hie term “Scope” refers to the subject or the boundaries of a particular branch of knowledge. There is no perfect agreement among the political thinkers as to the problems, which come under the study of political science. Broadly speaking, there are three groups of writers holding different views on the scope of political science.

The first group of writers like Garies, Gamer, Goodnow, and Bluntschli restricted the scope of political science only to the study of the state.

The second group of writers like Prof. Sheley and Dr. Stephen Leacock said that political science deals with government only.

The third group of writers like Gettell, Gilchrist, Paul Janet, and Prof. Laski maintained that the scope of political science extends to both state and government. Prof. Laski maintains that the state, in reality, means the government.

We may agree with the third group of writers that political science is a study of both state and government is the steering wheel of the ship of the state. There can be no state without a government, the state remains the central subject of our study, and the whole mechanism of government revolves around it.

Scope according to the UNESCO; the international Political Science Association at its Paris Conference in 1948 discussed the scope of political science and marked out its subject matter as follows:

1. Political Theory:
Political Theory, History of Political Ideas.

2. Government:
The Constitution, the Government-Regional and Local Government, Public Administration, Economics and Social functions of government, Comparative political institutions.

3. Parties, Groups and Public Opinion:
Political Parties, Group and Associations, Citizen Participation in Government and administration, Public Opinion.

4. International Relations:
International relations, International organization, and Administration, International Law.

Question 4.
Is political science a Science? Explain.
Answer:
Aristotle called political science as supreme or Master science. Many writers like Thomas Hobbes, Jean Bodin, and Lord Bryce agree that political science is a science.

Reasons for it to be called as a science are:

1. Political Science is a systematic study:
Just like the science subjects which are studied systematically, in the same way. it is possible to make a study of political science. There is a connection between cause and effects.

2. Experiments are possible in Political Science:
Politics is also a systematized knowledge that has been acquired by systematic observation, experiment and study For e.g. framing the Indian constitution and the methods of direct democratic devices adopted in Switzerland.

3. Common principles, conclusions possible:
Political scientists have arrived at broad principles after observing the political phenomenon over a long period of time. Reasons for the rise of new states, the eruption of revolts and revolutions, the emergence of political parties, etc, have been discovered.

4. Relationship between the causes and effects can be known:
In political science with a greater degree of approximation, the relationship between causes and effects can be established.

5. More exact than other social sciences:
Political science has the status of being more exact than other social sciences.

Question 5.
Is Political science is an art? Explain.
Answer:

1. Absence of Uniform terminology:
The study is called by different terms and there is no unanimity among thinkers regarding the exact term. The subject is called politics, political science, political theory, political philosophy, applied politics, theoretical politics, etc.

2. Differences regarding methods, definition, and scope:
There is no single method of studying the subject but different methods are available. Political principles are not universally accepted and applied. Terms like democracy, socialism, communism, liberalism, and Nationalism have been defined and explained in different ways.

3. Absence of Precision:
Political science lacks precision in the study of state and government or theories like democracy.

4. Experimentation is not possible:
Conducting experiments in political science is difficult since it deals with human beings and their behavior is unpredictable.

5. Absence of Universal Laws:
Political science has certain concepts acceptable with similar meaning but there is no universal truth.

6. Difficult to predict the future:
Political researchers find it difficult to predict the future course of events since political events are subject to ever-changing public opinion.

7. Lack of Objectivity:
The political scientists cannot be objective since he is influenced by race, religious, economic and other considerations.

Question 6.
Explain the origin and development of political science.
Answer:
According to Aristotle, political activity can be traced to the very nature of man. It is true that no individual can exist or live in isolation. No one is self-sufficient. So, man is a social animal. In the same manner, he is a political animal. Hence society requires an organization to regulate and control human activities. The organization states, which in turn function through its agency, government.

1st PUC Political Science as a Discipline Ten Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the Nature and Scope of Political science.
Answer:
Aristotle described political science as a ‘master science‘ which made it perhaps the greatest contribution to the making of political science scientific. The term “Scope” refers to the subject or the boundaries of a particular branch of knowledge. There is no perfect agreement among the political thinkers as to the problems, which come under the study of political science.

Broadly speaking, there are three groups of writers holding different views on the scope of political science.

The first group of writers like Garies, Gamer, Goodnow, and Bluntschli restricted the scope of political science only to the study of the state.

The second group of writers like Prof. Sheley and Dr. Stephen Leacock said that political science deals with the government only.

Scope according to the UNESCO; the international Political Science Association at its Paris Conference in 1948 discussed the scope of political science and marked out its subject matter as follows:

Political Theory:
Political Theory. History of Political Ideas.

Government:
The Constitution, the Government-Regional and Local Government, Public Administration, Economics and Social functions of government, Comparative political institutions.

Parties, Groups and Public Opinion:
Political Parties, Group and Associations, Citizen Participation in Government and administration, Public Opinion.

International Relations:
International relations. International organization and Administration, International Law.

Question 2.
Explain the relevance of the study of political science in the contemporary world.
Answer:
The study of political science is very useful to individuals and society. As said by Bernard Shaw that “political science by which alone civilization can be saved”. Political science exerts its influence on the life and destiny of human beings. Why political science has become so important in the life of man? It can be judged on the following grounds:

1. Essential for a cultured existence:
The study of Political Science introduces an individual to the requirements of a civilized and cultured society.

2. To understand the evolution of state and government:
Political Science is a study of state and government in all its aspects, in order to understand the roots of state and government such as how and why the state and government came into existence and .why it continues to be in existence and what are the essential factors that make a state, the types and forms of government, the aims and objectives of the government, etc., the knowledge of political science is essential.

3. To provide knowledge of rights and duties:
Every citizen, especially in a democracy desires to have knowledge of rights and duties. It is in political science that one learns all the aspects of these rights and duties.

4. To make Democracy effective:
Democracy today is the most popular system of government. Many factors contribute to the success and effectiveness of democracy. Political science enables one to understand all the principles, merits and defects of democracy.

5. Provides political education:
The study of political science provides political education to a citizen so that he may understand national problems in a new perspective.

6. Provides knowledge of ideologies:
The study of political science provides a vast knowledge of various prevailing ideologies like democracy, socialism, communism, nazism, fascism, etc.

7. Knowledge useful to political leaders and bureaucrats:
Knowledge of political science is very useful to the political leaders to carry on the working of the government effectively. Knowledge of the constitution is necessary for everyone to contribute better to the functioning of the government.

8. To understand political power:
Political Science helps citizens to understand the concept of political power; how governments function; what are the interest and forces behind the policies; who are his elected representatives and what they stand for.

9. To promote human warfare:
Political Science in the contemporary’ period lies the fact that it creates conditions for economic progress since it is motivated by an interest in human welfare.

10. To understand international relations and contribute to peace:
International relations is one of the specialized branches of political science dealing with the relationship among sovereign states. It includes many concepts like balance power, collective security alliances, treaties, international law, international organizations, etc.

Question 3.
Is political science a Science or an art? Explain.
Answer:
Aristotle called political science as supreme or Master science. Many writers like Thomas Hobbes, Jean Bodin, and Lord Bryce agree that political science is a science.

Reasons for it to be called as a science are:
1. Political Science is a systematic study:
Just like the science subjects which are studied systematically, in the same way, it is possible to make a study of political science. There is a connection between cause and effects.

2. Experiments are possible in Political Science:
Politics is also a systematized knowledge which has been acquired by systematic observation, experiment and study. For e.g. framing the Indian constitution and the methods of direct democratic devices adopted in Switzerland.

4. Relationship between the causes and effects can be known:
In political science with a greater degree of approximation, the relationship between causes and effects can be established.

5. More exact than other social sciences:
Political science has the status of being more exact than other social sciences. Some writers consider political science as a part of political philosophy. It may be noticed that every political theory owes its origin to some philosophical idea. But however, we need not accept this argument in political science, not only deal with theories and ideas but also with practice.

In political science, there is an attempt to apply theoretical knowledge to the practice of politics. An art to be perfected require intelligence and constant practice by artist. On the basis of the above discussions, it may be concluded that it is an art.

3. Absence of Precision:
Political science lacks precision in the study of state and government or theories like democracy.

4. Experimentation is not possible:
Conducting experiments in political science is difficult since it deals with human beings and their behavior is unpredictable.

5. Absence of Universal Laws:
Political science has certain concepts acceptable with similar meaning but there is no universal truth.

6. Difficult to predict the future:
Political researchers find it difficult to predict the future course of events since political events are subject to ever-changing public opinion.

7. Lack of Objectivity:
The political scientist cannot be objective since he is influenced by race, religious, economic and other considerations.

Question 4.
Define political science. What is the significance or utility of its study?
Answer:
The term ‘Politics’ was used by the great Greek Philosopher Aristotle. It is derived from the term ‘Polis’ which means ‘city’ to Greeks city was the state and subject that was dealing with city-state was called politics. So political science means a systematic study of the state and government.

The following are some of the important definitions.

Garner: “Political science begins and ends with the state”.
Garies: “Political science deals with government”.
Gilchrist: “Political science deals with state and government”.
Paul Janet: “Political science is that part of social science which treats the foundations of state and principles of government”.

Political science has become the most important branch of social science. Aristotle called it a master science. Democracy has become the most common form of government nowadays. The study of political science trains the people for the successful working of democracy. The study of political science enables the individual to understand his rights and duties and enlightens him to take an active part in the affairs of the state.

It also promotes a sense of responsibility and the spirit of patriotism.

The citizen can understand the nature, merits, and demerits of different types of Government and other administrative institutions in their state by studying political science. Studying political science will enable people to understand different theories and ideologies and help him to decide whether to accept it or reject it.

The study of political science enables to understand international relations and international law. It helps to understand thoroughly the significance of world organizations in solving international problems and in maintaining international people.

1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 4 Constitution and Government

November 2, 2023

You can Download Chapter 4 Constitution and Government Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 4 Constitution and Government

1st PUC Political Science Constitution and Government One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the root word of constitution?
Answer:
The root of the term constitution is the latin word ‘Constituere’.

Question 2.
What is constitution?
Answer:
The rules and principles according to which the government of a country functions is called constitution.

Question 3.
What is constitutional government?
Answer:
According to K.C. Where “Constitution is collection of legal rules which govern the government of the countries and which have been embedded in a document”.

Question 4.
What is written constitution?
Answer:
A constitution which is written down in one or several documents is called written constitution.

Question 5.
What is unwritten constitution?
Answer:
A constitution which is not written down but has grown during various centuries is called unwritten constitution.

Question 6.
What is rigid constitution?
Answer:
A constitution which cannot be amended easily is called rigid constitution.

Question 7.
What is flexible constitution?
Answer:
A constitution which can be amended easily is called flexible constitution.

Question 8.
Give the best example for written constitution.
Answer:
America, India having written constitution.

Question 9.
Give the best example for un-written constitution.
Answer:
England having un-written constitution.

Question 10.
Give the best example for rigid constitution.
Answer:
America is having rigid constitution.

Question 11.
Give the best example for flexible constitutions.
Answer:
England is having flexible constitution.

Question 12.
What is democratic government?
Answer:
A government which can be ruled by the people is called a democratic government.

Question 13.
Give the meaning of direct democracy.
Answer:
A government where people are directly participating in the administration is called direct democracy.

Question 14.
Give an example of direct democracy.
Answer:
Ancient Greek city-states having direct democracy.

Question 15.
Give the meaning of indirect democracy.
Answer:
A government where the representatives are participating in the administration is called indirect democracy.

Question 16.
Give an example for indirect democracy.
Answer:
India is having indirect democracy.

Question 17.
What is dictatorial government?
Answer:
A government where only one person or group run the administration is called a dictatorial government.

Question 18.
Give an example for dictatorial government.
Answer:
Germany was an example for the dictatorial government.

Question 19.
What is ancient dictatorship?
Answer:
To meet the immediate crisis dictators came into existence is called ancient dictatorship.

Question 20.
Give an example for ancient dictatorship.
Answer:
Ancient Rome was a example of ancient dictatorship.

Question 21.
What is modern dictatorship?
Answer:
Once a dictator came to power is desiring to be in the power permanently is called modem dictatorship.

Question 22.
Give an example of modern dictatorship.
Answer:
Saddam Hussian of Iraq was an example for modern dictatorship.

Question 23.
What is the root word of democracy?
Answer:
The word democracy has been derived from the Greek words ‘Demos’ and ‘Kratia’.

Question 24.
Define parliamentary government.
Answer:
In parliamentary form of government executive is the part of legislature and responsible to the legislature.

Question 25.
Give an example for the parliamentary government.
Answer:
England is an example of parliamentary government.

Question 26.
What is presidential government?
Answer:
In this system, the chief executive is directly elected by the people. It is not the part of the legislature.

Question 27.
Give an example for the presidential government.
Answer:
America is an example for the presidential government.

Question 28.
What is the root word of the federation?
Answer:
The root word of federation is the Latin word ‘foedus’.

Question 29.
What is the federal government?
Answer:
A government where the powers have been distributed between union and state is called federal government.

Question 30.
Give an example for federal government.
Answer:
America is an example for federal government.

Question 31.
What is unitary government?
Answer:
A government where the powers are concentrated in union is called unitary government.

Question 32.
Give an example for unitary government.
Answer:
England is an example for unitary government.

Question 33.
Who used the word constitution for the first time?
Answer:
The word constitution was used by Henry II of England.

Question 34.
What is constitutional law?
Answer:
Constitutional law is a fundamental law of a country drafted and enacted by constitutional assembly.

Question 35.
What is the ordinary law?
Answer:
The ordinary law is not fundamental law. It is subordinate to the constitutional law.

Question 36.
What is constitutional government?
Answer:
Government which functions on the basis of the law laid down by constitution is constitutional government.

Question 37.
What is ideal constitution?
Answer:
Burgess describes an ideal constitution as one which contains the principle of liberty, government and sovereignty.

Question 38.
What is meant by collective responsibility?
Answer:
It means the cabinet and council of ministers individually and collectively responsible to the parliament:”

Question 39.
What is “no-confidence motion”?
Answer:
It is the power of the legislature to remove the ministry from office.

Question 40.
What is veto-power?
Answer:
It is the power of President to say ‘No’ to a law passed by parliament’ and send it back for reconsideration.

Question 41.
Which is the lengthiest constitution in the world?
Answer:
Indian constitution.

Question 42.
Who is the protector of constitution?
Answer:
The Judiciary (Supreme court).

1st PUC Political Science Constitution and Government Two Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Define constitution.
Answer:
According to K.C. Wheare “Constitution is collection of legal rules which govern the government of the countries and which have been embedded in a document”.

Question 2.
Write the meaning of constitutional government.
Answer:
A government which functions in accordance with defined rule as laid down in constitution is known as constitutional government. In short constitutional government means limited government.

Question 3.
Define written constitution.
Answer:
According to C.F. Strong “A written constitution is in the form of a document which has a special sanctity”.

Question 4.
Define un-written constitution.
Answer:
According to Sir Ivor Jennings – “An unwritten constitution consists of institutions and not paper documents. It is not made but has grow n from time to time by a process of evolution”.

Question 5.
Define rigid constitution.
Answer:
According to A.V. Dicey a rigid constitution is one which certain laws generally are known as constitutional or fundamental laws cannot be changed in the same maimer as the ordinary laws.

Question 6.
Define flexible constitution.
Answer:
According to Gamer the flexible constitution places constitutional law and ordinary law on the same footing.

Question 7.
Write the meaning of democratic government.
Answer:
Democracy is the form of government in which the ruling power is largely vested not in any particular class or classes but in the members of the community as a whole.

Question 8.
What do you mean by the dictatorial government?
Ans.
A form of government in which absolute power is concentrated in a person or group is called dictatorial government.

Question 9.
Define parliamentary government.
Answer:
In parliamentary form of government executive is the part of legislature and responsible to the legislature.

Question 10.
What is the presidential government?
Answer:
In this system, the chief executive is directly elected by the people. It is not the part of the legislature.

Question 11.
Define federal government and give example.
Answer:
It is the government which the powers of the state are divided and distributed between central and state government. It is, also known as dual polity. The federal government discharges its power and authority in accordance with constitution. Eg: U.S.A

Question 12.
What is meant by unitary system of government?
Answer:
In the unitary system of government, where all the powers and authority of the state is concentrated in the single Central government and the supreme power is exercised by it.
Eg: England, France, Japan, etc.

Question 13.
Define and explain the term constitution.
Answer:
According to Lord Bryce “The constitution is the aggregate of laws and customs under which the life of states goes on” Maclver defines as “law which governs the state”.

Question 14.
What are the characteristics of democratic government?
Answer:

It is a government ruled by the people.
It is government by discussion.
It is based in universal adult suffrage.
There is liberty and equality and rights.
It is constitutional government.

Question 15.
What is presidential form of government?
Answer:
In this system, the legislature and executive are separate and independent. The term of office of the president is fixed and goes by calender.

Question 16.
How do non-democratic government arise?
Answer:
It arises out of illegal method. It is the result of the use of force. A powerful individual or group can overthrow the constitutional government and establish dictatorship. ,

Question 17.
Describe the features of the Presidential system of government.
Answer:
In Presidential executive president is the supreme head of the state. Here executive is neither elected, nor responsible to legislature. The term of office here is fixed. It is not responsible to the legislature.

Question 18.
Describe the merits of Parliamentary form of government.
Answer:

It ensures harmony between legislative and executive branches.
There is no division of responsibility.
Opposition keeps government on right path.
There will be peaceful change of government.
It ensures flexibility and elasticity.

Question 19.
What are the demerits of parliamentary form of government?
Answer:

Executive dominates legislature.
Parliamentary government is unstable. It does not have fixed term.
In a parliamentary government, the government comes under the control of majority party.
It may lead to the dictatorship of the cabinet.

Question 20.
Distinguish between division of powers and separation of powers.
Answer:
Division power is in a federal form of government Power is divided between the central and state government, where as separation of powers means there is clear cut demarcation between 3 organs of government that is Legislature, executive and judiciary.

Question 21.
Give one definition of democracy.
Answer:
According to Lord Bryce “Democracy is the form of government where the ruling power of the state is legally vested not in any particular class but in members of community as a whole.

Question 22.
What is the meaning of federal government?
Answer:
The word federal is derived from the Latin word ‘Foedus’, which means treaty or agreement. The federal form of government comes into existence through treaty or agreement, when a state with its vast geographical territory, heterogeneous characteristics desires to protect them is born by creating new state.

Question 23.
What is Indirect democracy? Give example.
Answer:
It is also known as representative democracy. The citizens of a state elect their representatives in the election. The elected representatives administer the country on behalf of people. Eg : India, U.S.A, U.K.

Question 24.
What is the difference parliamentary and presidential form of government?
Answer:
The distinction between parliamentary and presidential executive is based on the relationship between the legislature and executive. If the executive depends on legislature for its survival it is a parliamentary government and if the executive is independent of legislative it is presidential executive.

1st PUC Political Science Constitution and Government Five Marks Questions and Answers

Question 1
Explain the significance of constitution.
Answer:
The significance of a constitution to the state is discussed below:

1. Outlines the goals of state:
No state can progress and prosper, however rich and wealthy, if it does not possess clear cut aims and objectives. A constitution details the path to be followed by a state in accomplishing its objectives thereby living up to the aims and objectives of its people.

2. Regulates behavior of people:
The constitution provides for basic guidelines or a reasonable code of conduct which helps create a civil and civilized society. A constitution is very important in harmonizing relationship between and among numerous sections of people.

3. Control over authority of the government:
The government derives its power from the constitution and is bound to abide by provisions of the constitution. No government can take law into its hand and deal whimsically.

4. Establishes ruler – ruled relationship:
The people and government are like two faces of the same coin. A state can succeed only if people and government share mutual trust and co-operation. The constitution should avoid any kind of needless friction between the governor and the governed.

5. A guide to future generations:
A constitution is often referred to as the mirror of a state which reflects the basic ambitions and aspirations of a state. By acting as a standard of reference it guides future generations to make necessary changes based on the existing structure.

Question 2.
Describe the Characteristics of constitutional government.
Answer:
The Characteristics of constitutional government are as below:
1. Supremacy of the constitution :
In this system all the powers of government are laid down in accordance with the provisions of constitution. Government should function with in the frame work of the constitution.

2. Equality before law :
Here law will apply to all the people equally. The benefits of law can be enjoyed all the citizens irrespective of caste, creed, religion, social and economic
status.

3. Individual liberty :
In the constitutional government all the citizens are enjoying the fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitutions. So constitution provides the rights to all the people and ensures protection.

4. Protects public interest :
All people in the country should be lived under the purview of constitution. Violation of the provisions of constitution invites severe punishment. So constitution safeguards the interests of the people by protecting them from all the outside aggression.

Question 3.
Explain the features of wirtten constitution.
Answer:
The features of written constitution are explained below.

A written constitution is written in the document by the constituent assembly.
It is deliberately framed by the constitutional experts.
It came in to effect from a particular date.
In the written form of constitution, all the provisions relating to the organization of the government, rights, and duties of the citizens are clearly mentioned.
In this system the amendment procedure is very difficult and rigid.
Written constitution provides the provisions of independence of judiciary.
In the written constitution all provisions are clearly mentioned and the contents are in precise.

Question 4.
Explain the features of unwritten constitution.
Answer:
The features of unwritten constitution are explained as below.

An unwritten constitution is not written by the constitution assembly but evolved over a period of time.
It is not deliberately framed by the experts but grown by customs, traditions and usages.
An unwritten constitution has not come in to effect from a particular date.
In un written constitution the provisions with relates to the organization of the government, rights and duties of the citizens are the fruits of customs traditions and usages.
In this system the amendment procedure is very easy and flexible
An un written constitution is not clear and unsettled.

Question 5.
Explain the features of rigid constitution.
Answer:
The features of rigid constitution are explained below.

In the rigid constitution there is a difference between constitutional law and ordinary law.
Here constitutional law is superior to ordinary law.
To ammend the constitutional law, there is a need to follow the special amendment procedure.
In this system the powers of government should be with the framework of constitution.
The powers and functions of government are clearly mentioned in this system.
Judiciary has a special power to safeguard and protect the constitution.

Question 6.
Explain the features of flexible constitution.
Answer:
The features of the flexible constitution are explained as below

In the flexible constitution, there is no difference between constitutional law and ordinary law.
In this system constitutional law and ordinary law are framed by the parliament of the country.
Constitutional law can be amended as in the form of amendment of ordinary law.
In the flexible constitution the powers and functions of the government are assumable by the parliament.
In this system judiciary does not exercise its power of judicial review.
All the power of the organization of government are defined by the parliament.

Question 7.
Describe the essential elements of the Ideal constitution.
Answer:
The essentials of an ideal constitution are explained as below
1. It should be definite :
An ideal constitution should not be vague but clearly narrate the provisions which relates to the organization of the government. The principles should be precise and clarity.

2. It should be comprehensive:
An ideal constitution must be comprehensive enough to mention the functions of the government and rights, duties of the citizens. The constitution should not be too big but include all the information on the government.

3. Method of amendment:
An ideal constitution should possess the method of amendment. As the social condition of the people is going on change, the constitution must also undergoes change. It should represent the future needs of the future generation.

4. It should correspond to reality :
An ideal constitution should correspond to the real, conditions obtained with in the state, otherwise it cannot work properly.

Question 8.
Explain the features of unitary governments.
Answer:
Features of Unitary Government:
1. Concentration of Power:
A Unitary government is characterized by the presence of a single centre, which is omnipotent and omnipresent all over the territory. All decisions of the state flow from one single centre.

2. No Provincial Autonomy:
The provinces or local units in a unitary system are created by the centre for the sake of administrative convenience. It carries out the orders of the centre without having any powers to make decisions. Thus, the local units only act as subordinate agents of the centre without any authority or autonomy.

3. Single legislature:
In a Unitary system of government there will be only one single supreme legislative assembly which makes laws for the whole country and are faithfully implemented by the local units.

4. Constitution may be written or unwritten:
The constitution, in a unitary government, may be written or unwritten as there is one single central authority wielding power all over the state without any other centres of power.

Question 9.
Explain the features of federal government.
Answer:
1. Division of Powers:
A federal government is characterized by the existence of two governments- the centre and the local government created on the basis of division of powers. Both are independent and autonomous within their spheres of powers and yet interdependent. The residuary powers rests with the centre in some states (e.g. India)
and in the hands of local units in some states (e.g. Great Britain).

2. Supremacy of the constitution:
In a Federal system, the power enjoyed by the centre and local units is original because both derive their powers from the constitution. This avoids any confusion or contention in the sharing of power. The division of powers is based on necessity and convenience.

3. Written and rigid constitution:
The constitution in a federal government would definitely be rigid because it has to deal with powers related to both center and local governments. Each and every detail should be explained in a written form in order to avoid any clash of jurisdiction or possible over-lapping of responsibilities. The amendment procedure would be rigid which protects the interest of the federation from frequent, mindless changes to the constitution.

4. Special provision for settlement of disputes:
In a presidential system, in order to settle disputes arising between the states or between centre and the states, the judiciary has been assigned the job of interpreting the provisions of the constitution, thus acting as custodian and guardian of the constitution.

5. Power of amendment:
In a presidential system, to amend the constitution both the centre and the local governments have been assigned equal powers. No constitutional amendment can be made without the consent of federal units.

Question 10.
Distinguish between federation and confederation.
Answer:
Confederation is an association of state founded on the basis of common interests. The member states, retain their original sovereignty and independence.
Federation is permanents established through a constitution. Constitution units do not possess the right to withdraw from a federation.

Question 11.
What is residuary powers?
Answer:
In a federal government subjects of national interest are allocated to the centre. Matters of regional or local interests are given to units or states. The remaining powers those which have not been mentioned in the constitution are known as residuary powers.

Question 12.
Describe the parliamentary type of executive.
Answer:
There is a difference between real and nominal executive head on whom all powers are concentrated, but these powers are exercised by the cabinet. In this system, cabinet is responsible to the parliament for all their actions. There is individual and collective responsibility of ministers. There is a close relationship between the cabinet and the council of ministers.

Question 13.
Explain the characteristic of Constitution.
Answer:

Constitution lays down fundamental structure of the state.
Constitution represents the heart and soul of a state i.e., the basic objectives of a state.
Constitution may be a product of deliberate creation or gradual evaluation.
Constitution may be written or unwritten.
Constitution may be embodied in one or several documents.
Constitution determines the structure arid relationship between various organs of government.
Constitution regulates the ruler – ruled relationship.
Constitution is a growing organism i.e., it provides for a procedure of its own change.

Question 14.
What is a Constitutional Government?
Answer:
A government that is run strictly in accordance with provisions of the constitution is called a constitutional government. Constitutional governments It strives for the welfare of the whole society rather than any perceived vested interest. These governments are a creation of the people and therefore obedience and allegiance to it are natural. The use of force in running a government does not find a place in a constitutional government. Constitutional government is also called “limited government” or “controlled government”.

Question 15.
What is Democracy? Explain the features of Democracy?
Answer:
The word “Democracy” is a derivative of Greek words ‘Demos’ and ‘Kratia’ meaning ‘people’ and ‘rule’ respectively. Thus, democracy is the rule of the people.

Features of Democratic Government:
The following features can be identified by democratic form of government.

Democracy is based on freedom and openness;
Democracy thrives on majority opinion;
Democracy upholds individual dignity ;
Democracy is open to criticism and correction and
Popular Sovereignty is the basis of democracy expressed through universal adult franchise.

Question 16.
What is Dictatorship? What are the kinds of dictatorship?
Answer:
Dictatorship is a form of government where all the powers of the state are concentrated in one man or in one party or in one group. Dictatorship is classified as traditional and modem, old and new, leftisit fascist, communist and military. The old type of dictatorship existed in ancient Greece and Rome; they are temporary and appointed during crisis. Modem dictatorship is of new type and permanent. Modem dictatorship has taken three forms;

Fascist or Nazi dictatorship as it existed in Italy, Germany, Spain, and Portugal.
Party Dictatorship as was found in U.S.S.R. and found at present in china
Military Dictatorships as found in Pakistan and some African and Latin American countries.

Question 17.
What is a Federal Government?
Answer:
In a federal government, there will be two sets of government. The powers and authority of government is divided between a government for the whole country and provincial governments of the country in such a way that each government is legally independent within its own sphere.

The term ‘Federation’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Foedus’ meaning ‘treaty’ or ‘agreement’. Two or more provinces, after surrendering the sovereignty, on agreement agree to work within the union with a certain degree of autonomy under a single sovereignty. The Central government and the provincial governments are neither superior nor subordinate to each other but work in unison with co-ordination and co-operation.

The best examples for a federal form of government are the USA, India, Switzerland, Australia and Canada.

Question 18.
Explain Division of powers in India.
Answer:
In India, the division of powers is based on three lists i.e., the Union list, State list and Concurrent list. The Union list consists of 99 Subjects such as defense, national security; home affairs, science and technology are vested in the hands of central government. The State List consisting of 66 subjects like education, health, maintenance of law and order, providing basic facilities etc., are vested in the state governments. There are certain provisions in which both states and centre shall share power, under the Concurrent list consisting of 52 subjects such as marriage, divorce, contracts etc.

1st PUC Political Science Constitution and Government Ten Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the meaning and significance of constitution.
Answer:
Importance of a constitution to the state is discussed below:
1. Outlines the goals of state:
No state can progress and prosper, however rich and wealthy if it does not possess clear cut aims and objectives. A constitution details the path to be followed by a state in accomplishing its objectives thereby living up to the aims and objectives of its people.

2. Regulates behavior of people:
The constitution provides for basic guidelines or a reasonable code of conduct which helps create a civil and civilized society. A constitution is very important in harmonizing the relationship between and among numerous sections of people.

3. Control over the authority of the government:
The government derives its power from the constitution and is bound to abide by provisions of the constitution. No government can take law into its hand and deal whimsically.

4. Establishes a ruler — ruled relationship:
The people and government are like two faces of the same coin. A state can succeed only if people and the government share mutual trust and co-operation. The constitution should avoid any kind of needless friction between the governor and the governed.

Question 2.
Distinguish between written and unwritten constitution.
Answer:
Written constitution

A written constitution is written in the document by the constituent assembly.
It is deliberately framed by the constitutional experts.
It came in to effect from a particular date. ^
In the written form of constitution, all the provisions relating to the organization of the government, rights, and duties of the citizens are clearly mentioned.
In this system, the amendment procedure is very difficult and rigid.
The written constitution provides the provisions of the independence of the judiciary.
In the written constitution all provisions are clearly mentioned and the contents are precise.

Unwritten constitution

An unwritten constitution is not written by the constitution assembly but evolved over a period of time.
It is hot deliberately framed by the experts but grown by customs, traditions, and usages.
An unwritten constitution has not come in to effect from a particular date.
In un written constitution the provisions with relates to the organization of the government, rights, and duties of the citizens are the fruits of customs traditions and usages.
In this system, the amendment procedure is very easy and flexible.
An un written constitution is not clear and unsettled.

Question 3.
Distinguish between rigid and flexible constitution.
Answer:
Rigid constitution

In the rigid constitution there is a difference between constitutional law and ordinary law,
Here constitutional law is superior to ordinary law.
To ammend the constitutional law, there is a need to follow the special amendment procedure.
In this system the powers of government should be with the framework of constitution.
The powers and functions of government are clearly mentioned in this system.
Judiciary has a special power to safeguard and protect the constitution.

Flexible Constitution

In the flexible constitution, there is no difference between constitutional law and ordinary law.
In this system constitutional law and ordinary law are framed by the parliament of the country.
A constitutional law can be amended as in the form of amendment of ordinary law.
In the flexible constitution the powers and functions of the government are assumable by the parliament.
In this system judiciary does not exercise its power of judicial review.
All the power of the organization of government are defined by the parliament.

Question 4.
Describe the features of democratic government.
Answer:

1. The government in a democracy is responsible to the people. The government will also have to function according to public opinion. Self-government makes the people more disciplined and there will be more responsible citizens than in any other form of government.

2. Democracy upholds the principles of liberty and equality. Political and economic equality are assured in a democracy.

3. Democracy respects the dignity of human being. It provides rights and liberties for the development of the personality of individual.

4. A democratic government promote the welfare of the people, where as in other forms of government only particular class may be benefitted.

5. Democratic government is stable and efficient government. It avoids the revolution because it tarried on according to the wishes of the people.

6. Unlike other forms of government, democracy is self-corrective. In democracy the freedom of speech and freedom of press creates an enlightened public opinion

7. Democracy is progressive and educative force. In a democracy, people have full civil and political rights. It is a training ground for active, healthy and intelligent citizenship.

8. In democracy, there is order, peace and progress. It is flexible government which adopts itself to change peacefully.

9. As the people have a share in the government of country, the spirit of patriotism is strengthened and everybody is willing to work and undergo sacrifices for the welfare of the community.

10. Democracy protects the minority. A written constitution guarantees the rights of the minorities.

Question 5.
Explain the features of the dictatorial government.
Answer:
1. Absolute power:
Dictatorship is characterized by absolute power where the dictator controls the constitution. He can make and unmake laws. All the laws must originate from him and there is neither a limit on his tenure nor is he subjected to any other authority.

2. Based on Force:
Dictatorship stands on the twin pillars of force and coercion. The word of the dictator should be honored in letter and spirit. Any violation of the order may result in severe punishment or even death.

3. Totalitarian state:
Dictatorial regimes regulate and control all aspects of human existence. It provides security, basic necessities such as food, shelter and clothing, education and order in society. In totalitarian state’s individual personality is suppressed and all aspects of an individual are regimented and brought under the control of the state. The totalitarian approach is well summarized by Mussolini when he says: “Everything within the state, nothing above the state, nothing outside the State’’. Thus, the State is the central point around which all human activities must revolve.

4. One Nation one party:
In a dictatorship, for the whole state, there is only one constitution and the administration is managed by one single party and that is responsible for the whole state. Any kind of criticism of the party or the leadership is not tolerated. The distinct feature of dictatorship is its intolerance to criticism and new ideas.

5. No individual liberty:
In a dictatorship, individual freedom and liberty do not find place. Freedom of thought and expression is restricted.

Question 6.
What is a parliamentary form of government? Explain its features.
Answer:
A parliamentary form of government is characterized by the direct responsibility of the executive to the legislature which lasts as long as it enjoys the confidence of the legislature. The parliamentary government system which first began in England (Great Britain) is also called as ‘Cabinet government’ and ‘Responsible government’.

Features of a Parliamentary form of Government.
1. Nominal Executive:
The presence of a nominal executive is a primary feature of parliamentary government. Though all powers of the state are vested in his name by the constitution, it is in fact exercised by the real executive consisting of Prime minister and council of ministers. For example, the Queen of England and the President of India are the nominal executives.

2. Collective responsibility:
A parliamentary government is directly responsible to the legislature and stays in office as long as it enjoys the confidence of the lower house. A decision taken by cabinet is binding on ministers and they should defend it in and out of parliament. Together we sink or sail” is the key statement of parliamentary government.

3. Individual Responsibility: Each minister will be in charge of a ministry and is wholly responsible for all decisions of the ministry to the legislature. Parliamentary government and individual responsibility go hand in hand.

4. Political Homogeneity:
In a parliamentary government, all ministers belong to the same party or alliance having common policies, programmes, values and beliefs and work under a common minimum programme (CMP). As a result, it is not difficult to secure co¬operation and co-ordination.
In case, a government consists of divergent policies and beliefs, frequent quarrels, squabbling, and infighting brings down the government. It defeats the very purpose of government formation.

5. Membership of parliament:
In a parliamentary government, a minister must be a member of either house of parliament. On becoming a minister he must become a member of either house within 180 days. Otherwise, he will have to step down from office. This is to ensure individual responsibility to the parliament.

6. Oath of Secrecy:
It is the responsibility as well as duty of the cabinet to protect official secrets. Cabinet decision should not become public without the authorization from parliament. Ministers are administered the ‘oath of secrecy’ to maintain secrecy of cabinet decisions. The purpose is to avoid any person or a group taking undue advantage of the leaked information.

7. Leadership of the Prime Minister:
In parliamentary government, Prime Minister is the backbone of the cabinet. He acts as the spokesperson of the government by defending it in and out of the government. He acts as the advisor to the president in summoning, proroguing and dissolving the parliament. The Prime minister exercises independence in appointing ministers, expanding the ministry and allocation of portfolios.

8. Effective opposition:
Opposition party is called “the government in waiting”. In parliamentary government, opposition parties follow the day-today administration and
bring before the people the failures of the government from time to time. During elections they seek a mandate on the basis of the failures of the government Thus, opposition acts as a watchdog of the government.

In fact, in Britain, the shadow cabinet functions just like the government but without powers.
They too have separate departments to monitor developments in respective areas.

Question 7.
What is a Presidential form of Government? Explain its features.
Answer:
In Presidential government the Executive is not responsible to the legislature. It is based on the principle of ‘Separation of powers’. It is known as non-responsible system or fixed executive system. E.g. USA.

Features of presidential government.
1. Separation of powers:
The Presidential government is based on Montesquieu concept of “separation of powers”. The concept of separation powers contend that the legislature, executive and judiciary must be independent of each other and function independently. Legislature performs the task of law-making, executive law implementation and judiciary interpretation of laws.

2. Checks and Balances:
The presidential government is based on checks and balances. Though the legislature, executive and judiciary function independently, complete separation is not only desirable but also impractical. To maintain the exercise of power balanced, controlled and widespread each organ is given a fair degree of power in one another ’s the functional area.

3. Executive is not responsible to legislature:
The president in U S.A is directly elected by the people and hence is not responsible to the legislature. The president can’t participate in the proceedings of the congress. He can neither initiate a bill nor pilots it. The President is not accountable to anyone but the constitution and the people.

4. Real Executive:
In the presidential government, the president is directly elected by the people. The president is not only the real executive but also the head of government. He is directly responsible for all happenings in the country.

5. Secretaries directly responsible to the president:
The secretaries known as presidents ‘Brain Trust’ are appointed by the president and stay in office as long as they enjoy the confidence of the president. The President may remove any secretary without assigning any reason. Secretaries are neither responsible to congress nor to the people but to the president. The President can hire or fire secretaries

6. Fixed Tenure:
The President does not depend on the congress for his survival. He, is directly elected for a period of 4 years and lasts his full term. He cannot be removed from office except on grounds of inefficiency and proven misbehavior through an impeachment motion.

Question 8.
Distinguish between democratic and dictatorial government.
Answer:
Democratic government :

Democracy is based on freedom and openness;
Democracy thrives on majority opinion;
Democracy upholds individual dignity;
Democracy is open to criticism and correction and
Popular Sovereignty is the basis of democracy expressed through universal adult franchise.

Dictatorial government
Dictatorship is a form of government where all the powers of the state are concentrated in one man or in one party or in one group. Dictatorship is classified as traditional and modem, old and new, leftisit fascist, communist, and military. The old type of dictatorship existed in ancient Greece and Rome; they are temporary and appointed during crisis. Modem dictatorship is of new type and permanent. Modem dictatorship has taken three forms;

Fascist or Nazi dictatorship as it existed in Italy, Germany, Spain, and Portugal.
Party Dictatorship as was found in U.S.S.R. and found at present in china
Military Dictatorships as found in Pakistan and some African and Latin American countries.

Question 9.
Distinguish between parliamentary and presidential government.
Answer:
A parliamentary form of government is characterized by the direct responsibility of the executive to the legislature which lasts as long as it enjoys the confidence of the legislature. The parliamentary government system which first began in England (Great Britain) is also called as ‘Cabinet government’ and ‘Responsible government’.

1. Nominal Executive:
The presence of a nominal executive is a primary feature of parliamentary government. Though all powers of the state are vested in his name by the constitution, it is in fact exercised by the real executive consisting of Prime minister and council of ministers. For example, the Queen of England and the President of India are the nominal executives.

3. Individual Responsibility:
Each minister will be in charge of a ministry and is wholly responsible for all decisions of the ministry to the legislature. Parliamentary government
and individual responsibility go hand in hand.

In case, a government consists of divergent policies and beliefs, frequent quarrels, squabbling, and infighting brings down the government. It defeats the very purpose of government formation.

6. Oath of Secrecy:
It is the responsibility as well as the duty of the cabinet to protect official secrets. Cabinet decision should not become public without the authorization from cabinet decisions. The purpose is to avoid any person or a group taking undue advantage of the leaked information.

8. Effective opposition:
Opposition party is called “the government in waiting”. In parliamentary government, opposition parties follow the day-today administration and bring before the people the failures of the government from time to time. During elections, they seek a mandate on the basis of the failures of the government. Thus, opposition acts as a watchdog of the government.

In fact, in Britain, the shadow cabinet functions just like the government but without powers.
They too have separate departments to monitor developments in respective areas.

Presidential Government:
In the Presidential government, the Executive is not responsible to the legislature. It is based on the principle of ‘Separation of powers’. It is known as a non-responsible system or fixed executive system. E.g. USA.

1. Separation of powers:
The Presidential government is based on Montesquieu concept of “separation of powers”. The concept of separation powers contend that the legislature, executive and judiciary must be independent of each other and function independently. Legislature performs the task of law-making, executive law implementation and judiciary interpretation of laws.

3. Executive is not responsible to the legislature:
The president in U S A is directly elected by the people and hence is not responsible to the legislature. The president can’t participate in the proceedings of the congress. He can neither initiate a bill nor pilots it. The President is not accountable to anyone but the constitution and the people.

6. Fixed Tenure:
The President does not depend on congress for his survival. He is directly elected for a period of 4 years and lasts his full term. He cannot be removed from office except on grounds of inefficiency and proven misbehavior through an impeachment motion.

Question 10.
Distinguish between federal and unitary government.
Answer:
Unitary government:

The authority of the central government is supreme and all the organs of government are integral parts of one single administrative machinery.
Units are the creation of the central government. The powers given to them can be increased or decreased or cancelled.
Single citizenship right prevails.

Federal government:

The powers of the nation be divided between central and state governments. These are two administrative machineries.
The powers are divided and distributed to the state and central government by constitution.
Dual citizenship right enjoyed by citizen.

Question 11.
What are the kinds of Democracy?
Answer:
There are two kinds of Democracy

Direct democracy and
Indirect Democracy.

1. Direct Democracy:
Direct democracy is a kind of governance where the people directly ’’ take part in electing their government and also have a share in the exercise of real power. For example, the ancient Greek and Roman city-states had direct democracy where people directly participated to elect their representatives and take necessary measures.

In modem times, the direct democracy is still in practice in some of the cantons of Switzerland, where the voters meet in ‘ open-air parliament’. However, direct democracy . is best suited to only countries small in area and a population small enough to directly take part in the affairs.

Direct Democracy functions through constitutional devices like referendum, initiative, and recall.
Referendum means referring a bill or proposal for amendment of the constitution to the people to know their opinion.
Initiative provides the people a right to petition or request the parliament to enact a certain type of law.
Recall is a method by which the people may compel an elected representative to either resign or to submit to re-election before his term of office is over.

2. Indirect Democracy:
Under this system, the people participate in the affairs of the state through their representatives. Though popular sovereignty rests in the hands of the people, it is actually exercised by their representatives and they are in turn responsible to the people. If the representatives fail to stand up to the aims and aspirations of the people, they may be changed in the next election.

Question 12.
What are the factors that condition the success of Democracy?
Answer:
1. Liberty and Equality:
Democracy can work satisfactorily only when people are allowed to enjoy a greater amount of freedom and equality. Freedom is necessary for the participation of the people in their administrative affairs. People must enjoy economic, social and political liberty and equality without any discrimination.

2. Eternal Vigilance:
Eternal vigilance is the price of democracy. Vigilance is nothing but. alertness or watchfulness of the people. Citizens must constantly watch as to how the government is doing its administrative business. The government can be kept on track if the people are constantly vigil on what is going on at the government level.

3.Spirited Leadership:
Spirited leadership is a must for the success of democracy. Leaders should be able, efficient, intelligent, active and honest. They must have good reasoning capacity, rational attitude, clean-hands and descent behavior. They must take proper steps to increase the competence of the government.

4. Literacy:
The active and intelligent participation of citizens in public affairs can be assured if all of them are adequately educated. The government has to chalk out plans to provide free and compulsory education for all.

5. Bi-party system:
For the successful working of democracy, there must be only two political parties.

6.Strong Opposition:
For the success of democracy, there must be a strong opposition. The government becomes irresponsible and careless in the absence of strong and effective opposition parties. Opposition parties should check the illegal, unpopular and unconstitutional act of the ministers and the representatives. They should try to keep the government on the right track through their rational criticism.

7. Participation:
The people must have an independent opinion in public affairs. The success of democracy depends upon the ability, character and power of common man.

8. Tolerance:
Tolerance is a noble virtue of democracy. The government must be tolerant enough to listen to the criticism made by people from time to time. People must be tolerant enough to understand the problems of the government. The minority must accept the majority views, and majority must understand the feelings of the minority.

9. Independent Judiciary:
In all democratic countries, the judiciary should play a significant role. An independent and impartial judiciary is necessary to protect the fundamental rights of the people guaranteed in the constitution. For the administration of justice, settlement of disputes and to interpret the laws and constitution, an independent judiciary is a must.

10. Decentralization:
It is the most important feature of democratic government. Power in the hands of the people is called decentralization. Rural and Urban Panchayat Raj system has been implemented on the basis of decentralization.

Question 13.
What is a Unitary Government? Explain its features.
Answer:
A unitary government is system in which the power and authority to make and unmake laws lie with the centre. It enjoys the authority of transferring power to provincial units, for the sake of administrative convenience, which can be installed, changed or removed at the discretion of the single central authority. The United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, China, Sri Lanka, and Iran are some of the examples of a unitary state.

Features of Unitary Government:
1. Concentration of Power:
A Unitary government is characterized by the presence of a single centre, which is omnipotent and omnipresent all over the territory. All decisions of the state flow from one single centre.

3. Single legislature:
In a unitary system of government, there will be only one single supreme legislative assembly which makes laws for the whole country and are faithfully implemented by the local units.

Question 14.
Explain the features of a Federal Government.
Answer:
1. Division of Powers:
A federal government is characterized by the existence of two governments- the centre and the local government created on the basis of division of powers. Both are independent and autonomous within their spheres of powers and yet interdependent. The residuary powers rests with the centre in some states (e.g. India) and in the hands of local units in some states (e.g. Great Britain).

3. Written and rigid constitution:
The constitution in a federal government would definitely be rigid because it has to deal with powers related to both centre and local governments. Each and every detail should be explained in a written form in order to avoid any clash of jurisdiction or possible over-lapping of responsibilities. The amendment procedure would be rigid which protects the interest of the federation from frequent, mindless changes to the constitution.

1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (North)

October 31, 2023

Students can Download 1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (North), Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (North)

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
One mark question attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
What favor did the elephant ask the man on a rainy day in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
The Elephant asked the man to give a place for its trunk to protect it from the rain.

Question 2.
How do the little ones spend the day in the school in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
The author, Jomo Kenyatta concludes the story ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’ by quoting ‘Pass is costly but it is worth the expense’. What the author is trying to convey to us through this short story is that in a society one’s weakness can be misused by the dominating people arid this would ultimately lead the weaker section to have to leave the society.

He is trying to instill the idea in the readers’ minds that the suppressed minority in a society will eventually rise to seek power He stands by his ground by saying that the dominated majority can fool the minority over a period of time but not forever. No one likes to be treated as a slave in society and equality is what everyone desires. The moral of the story emphasizes to its readers that one should stop colonialism and discrimination. It comes from the old saying treat others the way you want to be treated’

Question 3.
Krishna has the disease
(a) Cancer
(b) piles
(c) Fever
(d) T.B.
Answer:
(b) piles

Question 4.
What was the narrator doing to earn a living in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
Teaching English to some migrant laborers.

Question 5.
Mention one of the things which should be made available free of cost in ‘Money Madness’.
Answer:
Bread, fire, and shelter should be made aai1abIe free of cost to all,

Question 6.
Where does Babar Ali run classes for poor children?
Answer:
Babar All runs classes at his village in Murshidabad in West Bengal.

Question 7.
Why was the headman in a hurry to complete the roadwork in ‘Watchman of the Lake”?
Answer:
Because the King was due to arrive at the village, the next day.

Question 8.
Who committed suicide in ‘The Farmer’s wife’?
Answer:
The farmer.

Question 9.
Name the person who was believed to be both Douglass’ father & master.
Answer:
Mr. Anthony.

Question 10.
What does the old woman offer to do?
Answer:
She offers to take you to the Horseshoe shrine which means that she wants to work as a guide.

Question 11.
Where does the narrator first meet the two boys in “Two Gentlemen of Verona”?
Answer:
On the outskirts of Verona.

Question 12.
When does the speaker realize what he thought about love was not true in ‘Do not ask of Me, My love’?
Answer:
When he understood that there are other sorrows in the world than love.

II. Answer any eight of the following in a paragraph of 50-70 words each : (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
What fate awaited the man each time he built a new hut in ‘The Gentleman of the Jungle’?
Answer:
The man did not get justice in the elephant’s case. So he built a new house instead of opposing the commission’s verdict/judgment. He was afraid of the animals, that if he ignored the judgment they could pose danger for him. So he obeyed the judgment and built a new house. But no sooner had he built another hut, than Mr. Rhinoceros occupied it. Next time Mr.Buffalo, then Mr. Leopard, Mr. . Hyena, and the rest occupied the huts that he was building.

Question 14.
How does the poet argue against formal education in ‘Money Madness’?
Answer:
Formal education is the obstacle for free learning to children Children prefer nature – learning to formal schooling. The restrictions of formal schooling make children detest their learning. Hence the poet questions when the buds are nipped and ‘blossoms blown away, and tender plants are stripped’, how can a child get happiness in learning.

Question 15.
How was Krishna cured of his illness in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
Krishna was suffering from piles and met the narrator to get some help. But the narrator only helped him with some money which was not enough for the treatment. But Krishna knew a Malayali Sadhu. This godman had treated Krishna on an earlier occasion when Krishna had started dëveloping boils all over his body. The godman had cured him with the barks of a tree. Krishna went in search of the godman. but he was too old and could not search for the medicinal creepers. He described the features of the plant to Krishna. Krishna went in search of the leaves and on the way he met the narrator and described the leaves. The narrator understood that those were the leaves that Mara and Appanna had tied to the nearest tree. The narrator took him to the plant and dug quite a bit to get the tuber. Krishna ground this root with milk and drank it. In this way, he was cured of piles within five days.

Question 16.
Give an account of the embarrassing experience of the narrator at the restaurant in ‘Oru Manushyan’.
Answer:
Once. the narrator went to a restaurant with fourteen rupees in his wallet kept in the pocket and ate a full meal consisting of chapatis and meat carry. He drank tea. The bill was eleven annas. He searched his pocket to pay the bill, but was shocked that his wallet was not in his pocket and someone had stolen it. When he said the same to the owner. the owner caught him by the lapels and ordered him to pay up. But as he did not have any moue’. he offered to keep his coat there and later ould bring some money and claim the coat. But the owner asked him to take if all his clothes. When he was removing them with great humiliation, a stranger came and helped the narrator by paying his bill.

Question 17.
How does money trigger fear in an individual in ‘Money Madness’?
Answer:
The narrator used to forego his breakfast and morning tea so that he had the money for his evening meal and tea. One day as usual he came to the crowded restaurant and had his regular meal and tea. When he had to pay the bill. he realized that his wallet had been picked. He revealed this fact to the owner who only found it funny and laughed out loud, Though the narrator offered to leave his coat with the owner, he forced the narrator to take off all his clothes. As the narrator was very much ashamed of taking off his trousers, a stranger stopped him and paid his bill. He later made the narrator wear his clothes and took him away.

When the narrator praised and thanked him. the stranger just laughed. He did not recall his name but only warned the narrator against speaking about him. The stranger showed five wallets to the narrator. out of which one was the narrators. The stranger told the narrator to check whether his money was intact, and he wished him good luck. The narrator had mixed feelings by now’. It was clear that his humiliation at the restaurant was due to the stranger’s picking his wallet and rendering him helplešs. But he is also thankful for his help at the right moment. avoiding the humiliation of standing štark naked in front of all the people. He felt that the stranger had perhaps undergone a transformation during his own interaction with the restaurant owner. This made him say at the end, ‘May God helps you, and leave without Saving anything more to the stranger.

Question 18.
Why does the speaker want to be a tree in ‘If I was a Tree’?
Answer:
The speaker wanted to be a tree because no one would discriminate against it and birds wouldn’t ask to what caste it belonged and sunlight would (approach) embrace it and its shadow wouldn’t be termed polluted. It can make friendship with the cool breeze, and raindrops would not go back by thinking that it is untouchable, The tree would feel happy with the touch of a sacred cow and it would get the opportunity of providing shelter for the hundred thousand Gods said to be residing in the cow. The tree can become pure when it is cut into dry pieces and burnt in the holy fire and can help the sinless dead body by becoming a bier on the shoulders of four good men.

The poem describes the sense of equality present in nature. Sunlight and cool breeze treat everybody with love and spread their sweetness to all without discrimination, Unlike some humans who feel polluted getting in contact with the untouchables, nature has no such sense of superiority. All are equal in their eves.

The poem also presents social discrimination, as the speaker is much humiliated by the social discrimination and wanted to become a tree to escape from discrimination in society. He feels the safety. purity and generosity and helping nature of a tree more than in human beings. In a society. a man without thinking of helping others. thinks which is pure and which is polluted. He neglects and discriminates against some and appreciates others in name of caste, creed mid religion. So this practice is meaningless and the practice must be prohibited to sustain equality in society.

Question 19.
Bring out the significance of the sacred spot that Mara described in ‘Watchman of the Lake’.
Answer:
The place was very sacred. Water had flowed on since the day Hanuman took the Sanjeevini. Its birth was in the fleeting mists of the mountain top. and on its av through rare flowers and forests, it has come down to their i11age. River Veda carried nectar in its bosom which revived Gods and nourished mortals. But, in summer Veda stops flowing and villagers die of drought. To get water the whole ear. they need to build a tank for Veda, That was the significance of that place. It was the place where Sanjeevini grew.

Question 20.
The poem ‘Farmer’s Wife’ highlights the plight of the widows after the death of husbands. Discuss.
Answer:
The poem The Farmer’s Wife” is a tragic poem that reflects the helpless conditions of farmers’ widows. The plight of the widows is explained by one such widow. The poet uses many phrases to contrast her condition with that of her dead husband. She called the farmer virtuous’ and herself a poor sinner’. The farmer was unable to pay the debts and he left all the debts to his wife, so she was very sad about his act of committing suicide. The feminist concept was also highlighted in the poem, the phrase “I was born with a head bent” justifies the discrimination in our society between men and women.

Man is born with his head held high, but a woman is born with her head bent. But he did not face his creditors bravely and left all this to his wife to solve. She accused her husband that he poisoned himself and gone away by poisoning his wife’s existence. She remembered the memories of his beating, blaming, drinking, and kicking haunting her. She never dreamt that he would commit suicide, It was true that the crop was gone but the debt remained there and dignity had hit the dust. She expresses her helplessness that how would she be able to bear the burden of their four children. She compared her condition with “worn-eaten cotton pods.” She got ambiguous and asked what was that and why he committed suicide.

At last, she confidently asserts her determination to struggle out her life even without her husband for the sake of her children. So, she shows a strong will to survive against all difficulties. Her voice is raised against society in general,

Question 21.
Why wasn’t Douglass much affected by his mother’s death?
Answer:
Frederick Douglass was separated from his mother before he was twelve months old. He had spent very little time with her and that too only during a few night times. He lost her at the age of seven and never enjoyed any care and communication during those years. So, he was not affected by her death. He was also not allowed to visit her during her illness, death, or burial.

Question 22.
In what ways were the boys useful to the narrator in ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’?
Answer:
The boys were very useful for the narrator, When the narrator wanted a pack of American cigarettes or seats for the opera. or the name of good restaUrant, they were always there in all these needs with cheerful competence. Théy had also taken the author on a guided tour to the different places of interest al ‘Verona including Juliet’s tomb.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
Babar Ali’s efforts to teach the poor children have brought about a change in their lives. Discuss.
Answer:
Babar Mi’s school was started when he was only nine while playing a game Very soon. children began to love his way of teaching and flocked to his ‘school’. Babar did not charge a fee for his teaching. He also got the help of the local educated people. ho came and taught the children. Bahar was successful in getting the help of nine high school student volunteers. The oldest and most educated of them is Debarita who goes to College in Behrampur.

Babar himself studies in class XII in a school quite far from his house He commutes the long-distance, attends classes in the mornings, and comes back in the afternoons to his ‘school’ to teach youngsters who have worked hard in the mornings and are now ready for learning. The fact that his school is entirely free, he and his staff teach well, there is a midday meal and his school is recognized by the West Bengal Government. attracts many students to his school.

The increasing strength of his school just sho how cager people are to get their children educated, and how good. selfless work gets noticed by people soon. Those who cannot afford education in the regular schools, do not mind sending their children to learn from teachers like Babar. This only proves that Indians are realizing the significance of education in life.
OR
Describe Mara as a great environmentalist who saved the lake.
Answer:
Mara’s sacrifice remains eternal in the history of men who saved lakes. He was the man who didn’t think about himself even for a single day but always about others. In other words. his social service is unforgettable to the society, he is the great environmentalist whom the modern materialists must follow and adore to protect nature Mara’s sacrifice of (leaving his body) taking his last breath is ultimate. Of course, today’s people cannot do that much but have to sacrifice a little of their wants and needs to protect nature. People should not pollute rivers in the name of ‘Vatras’ and funerals. All superstitious beliefs and must be stopped now.

Man must live according to his needs and not for his wants. For this, he has to follow the examples of tribals who live a contented life with whatever they get. They do not torture nature for coal or gold and live in a simple way. If men learn to lead a simple life that is the greatest sacrifice to protect nature from calamities.
OR
What harsh realities of life have drawn the speaker’s attention much more than the beauty of his beloved.
Answer:
Though he loved her deep when he comes to realize that there are other truths than his love. He became helpless towards his beloved. He honestly says his love would be the same but he can’t spend the time for her love because there are many problems in the country for Which he has to give attention, like poverty and helpless destitute.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

The great wall of China is said to be one structure built by man on earth which would be visible to observers on the moon. It covers a distance of 1,500 miles as the crow flies. From the Liaotung Peninsula Westward to the last fortress in central Asia, it crosses the northern province of China.

In the eastern section its height varies from 15-30 feet, and its width from about 25 feet at the bottom to 15 feet at the top. Where there is a pathway wide enough for six horsemen to ride side by side protected by parapets. When the wall was first built it had about 25,000 towers each 40 feet square and 40 feet high projecting from it every few hundred yards, with holes from which the defenders could shoot at attackers. There are also many watch-towers on the enemy side, outside the wall on hilltops or passes there and towers of the wall were used for signaling with smoke or flags by day and with fire by night.

The great emperor high Haung Ti joined three earlier frontier walls to form a great wall to act as a boundary between China and the North and keep out the feared nomads of the Mongolian steppes. The wall was designed to strengthen the nation’s defense. Later it became in Ming time, a substitute for a strong army and state.

Construction was started in about 221 B.C. and the structure was practically complete when high Haung Ti died in 210 B.C. The man who did most in carrying out the emperor’s plans was general Meng Tien, who 221 B.C. led an expedition against Tartars and drove them back from the yellow river into the steppes, and set his men to work on building the wall. They were later joined by thousands of convicts year in year out, in icy winds and snowstorms in winter, and in the dust storms in summer, the work went on and so many men died that the wall was sometimes called the longest cemetery in the world.

Question 24.
Name the only structure that would be visible to the observers on the moon.
Answer:
The great wall of China.

Question 25.
What is the distance it covers?
Answer:
1,500 miles.

Question 26.
What is the width and height of the wall?
Answer:
Height 15-30 feet and width 25 feet at the bottom and 15 feet at the top.

Question 27.
How many horsemen can ride on its pathway?
Answer:
6 horsemen.

Question 28.
How many towers are built on the wall?
Answer:
25,000 towers.

Question 29.
Who was the emperor of China?
Answer:
Sigh Huang Ti.

Question 30.
When was the construction started and completed?
Answer:
Construction was started in about 221 BC and completed in 210 BC.

Question 31.
Who was the man that carried out the emperor’s plans?
Answer:
Mengen.

Question 32.
Why did so many men die in the construction of the wall?
Answer:
Due to icy winds and snows storms in winter, and dust storms in summer.

Question 33.
Write a suitable title to the passage.
Answer:
The Great Wall of China.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 34.
The sharp sickle had apparently cut ________ artery and it started bleeding copiously _______ spurts. Everyone around was alarmed and someone brought some leaf, pressed it against ______ wound, and bandaged it with _____ cloth from one of their lungs. (with, on, the, a, an, in)
Answer:
The sharp sickle had apparently cut an artery and it started bleeding copiously in spurts. Everyone around was alarmed and someone brought some leaf, pressed it against the wound, and bandaged it with a cloth from one of their lungs.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
Englishman was angry because he______(think) that Mara____(is) so greedy that even though he________(has offer) him his entire estate, he was not_______(satisfy).
Answer:
English was angry because he thought (think) that Mara was (is) so greedy that even though he had offered (has to offer) him his entire estate, he was not satisfied (satisfy).

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject. (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 36.
The narrator ______ (is/are) a wanderer. He ________(live/lives) in a dingy room. He ______ (has/have) only 14 rupees in his pocket.
Answer:
The narrator is (is/are) a wanderer. He lives (live/lives) in a dingy room. He has (has/have) only 14 rupees in his pocket.

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them. (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
One of the student was learning.
Answer:
One of the students was learning.

Question 38.
Where the fruits are?
Answer:
Where are the fruits?

E. Rewrite as directed. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
The king came to _____ (know/no) the problem of the tank. (Fill in the blank with the appropriate word given in bracket)
Answer:
know.

Question 40.
The ____ (punish) for mistakes is common to blacks. (Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in the brackets).
Answer:
Punishment.

Question 41.
taught/Babar/lesson/to/students (Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence)
Answer:
Babar taught lessons to students.

Question 42.
A stranger helped the narrator (Add a question tag).
Answer:
didn’t he?

Question 43.
They worked hard on the farm the whole day. (Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘Do’)
Answer:
Did they work hard on the farm the whole day?

Question 44.
The narrator met the boys on the outskirts of Verona. (Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as answers).
Answer:
Where did the narrator meet the boys?

VI. A. Read the KSRTC schedule and answer the question. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 45.
1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (North) 1
(a) How long will the train stop at Guntakal?
(b) What is the departure time from Doddaballapur to Bangalore?
(c) When will the train arrive at Mahabubnagar?
(d) What is the arrival time at Bangalore?
Answer:
(a) 1 hour
(b) 11:10 am
(c) 11:45 pm
(d) 12:30 pm

B. You need a study certificate from the principal of your college. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 46.
Write a letter to include the following:
(a) Your admission number, year of study.
(b) Why do you need it?
(c) When and whom it has to be submitted?
Answer:
Rajanish
Il PUC, ‘A’ Section.
Vìjaya College,
Jayanagar, Bangalore – II.

20 March 2014.

The Principal
Vijaya College,
Jayanagar, Bangalore – 11.

Dear Sir,
I am studying in II PUC ‘A’ Section. My admission number is 24/2012 – 13. I have passed the I PUC exam with a distinction. Now I would like to apply for a scholarship, to the BCM officer of our district. I need a Study Certificate for the same. Therefore, I request you to kindly issue my study certificate within two days and oblige.

Thank you

Yours faithfully
Sd/

VII. A. Match the expressions under column ‘A’ to its corresponding language functions under B. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions	B. Functions
1. Could you please pass the salt?	(a) introducing
2. I am very upset to hear that	(b) gratitude
3. Hi, this is Prem	(c) greeting
4. Good evening	(d) requesting
5. Thank a lot	(e) expressing sympathy

Answer:
(1) – d,
(2) – e,
(3) – a,
(4) – c,
(5) – b.

B. Complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 48.
Ravi: _________to carry this?
Raghn:_________________
Ravi: _________ carrying this.
Raghu:___________
Answer:
Ravi: Can you please help me to carry this?
Raghu: Certainly I will.
Ravi: Thank you for carrying this.
Raghu: It’s ok. Bye.

C. Dialogue Writing : (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 49.
Ramesh has gone to Chennai for the first time to attend a conference. He asks a stranger how to reach Vijaya College from the railway station. Write a dialogue between Ramesh and Stranger.
Answer:
Ramesh: Hello sir! How to go to Vijaya college?
Stranger: Hi! Go straight and take right at the signal. Vijaya college is on your left.
Ramesh: How far from here?
Stranger: Just 500 meters from here.
Ramesh: Thank you, sir.
Stranger: You are welcome.

1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (South)

October 31, 2023

Students can Download 1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (South), Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (South)

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
One mark question attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Name the chairman of the Commission of Enquiry in the ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle.
Answer:
The Chairman – The Rt. Hon Mr. Fox.
The Secretary – Mr. Leopard.

Question 2.
Which bird sings with the speaker on a summer morning in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
Skylark.

Question 3.
The Englishman offered Mara in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’.
(a) his life
(b) his house
(c) his entire plantation
Answer:
(c) his entire plantation.

Question 4.
What was highly valued by the people in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
Money.

Question 5.
How old was Babar Ali when he started his school ‘Anand Shiksha Niketan’?
Answer:
At the age of nine.

Question 6.
Who would riot run away shouting for a bath in ‘If I was a Tree’?
Answer:
The mother earth.

Question 7.
Name the river mentioned in ‘Watchman of the Lake’.
Answer:
The river Veda.

Question 8.
What kind of crop did the farmer grow in ‘The Farmer’s Wife’?
Answer:
Thc farmers grew cotton crop.

Question 9.
Who was the father of Frederick Douglass?
Answer:
Mr. Anthony.

Question 10.
What are the old woman’s eyes compared to in ‘An Old Woman’?
Answer:
bullet holes

Question 11.
Where did the Narrator first meet Nicola and Jacopo in ‘Two Gentlemen of Verona’.
Answer:
On the outskirts of Verona.

Question 12.
What did the beauty of the beloved give spring in the poem ‘Do not ask of Me My Love’?
Answer:
Everlasting youth.

II. Answer any eight of the following in a paragraph of 50-70 words each : (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
Why was the Commission of Enquiry appointed by the king of the jungle? Explain.
Answer:
The Commission of inquiry was appointed to look into the dispute that arose between the man and the elephant and to give judgment accordingly. TheKing of the jungle also assured the man of impartial judgment and appreciated him for making friendship with the jungle animals.

Question 14.
Describe how the School becomes a cage for ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
The poet William Blake relevantly argues on the education of the children. He says that the boy is cry happy being with nature and he learns freely in nature as he loves to rise happily in the seminar morning. But when he thinks of school, his happiness disappears and he feels the school is a prison. The boy does not think freely in school. The poet excellently says that the boy sits in the school in fear and anxiety and he questions how he can learn the subjects. When the child loses his happiness he doesn’t show interest in learning and it becomes a major obstacle for his mental and physical growth.

The poet emphasizes nature. He says, the boy gets happiness in the singing of a bird and watching the huntsman. Nature is a sweet company to him. But when the boy enters formal schooling, he spends the time in irritation and anxiety. The poet stresses on free-learning and informal schooling, that is learning in nature. That helps to widen his mental horizon and physical growth The poet is not arguing against education but discourages formal schooling and encourages informal learning. He gives valuable advice to the parents to give a lot of sweet memories of learning in childhood so that the child gets àll round development and ensures the future of the nation.

Totally; the poem is an excellent attempt to bring out the torture felt by the children at formal schooling. The poem gives the message to discourage formal schooling and encourage free learning for children.

Question 15.
How did the Malayali Sadhu cure Krishna of the piles and boils on his body?
Answer:
Krishna was suffering from piles and met the narrator to get some help. But the narrator only helped him with some money which was not enough for the treatment. But Krishna knew a Malayali Sadhu. This godman had treated Krishna on an earlier occasion when Krishna had started dëveloping boils all over his body. The godman had cured him with the barks of a tree.

Krishna went in search of the godman. but he was too old and could not search for the medicinal creepers. He described the features of the plant to Krishna. Krishna went in search of the leaves and on the way he met the narrator and described the leaves. The narrator understood that those were the leaves that Mara and Appanna had tied to the nearest tree. The narrator took him to the plant and dug quite a bit to get the tuber. Krishna ground this root with milk and drank it. In this way, he was cured of piles within five days.

Question 16.
Write about the people and the place where the incident took place in ‘Oru Manushyan’.
Answer:
The incident took place in quite a big city in the valley of a mountain, some thousand five hundred miles away from the narrator’s home. The inhabitants of the city laid never been known for the quality of mercy. People there were cruel and murder, robbers; and pickpocketing were their daily habits. Traditional Lv, they were professional soldiers. Some of them lent Out money on interest, some were watchmen in banks. mills and in industries. They would do anything for money, even commit murder.

Question 17.
How does the poet bring out the caste discrimination in our society in the poem ‘If I was a Tree’?
Answer:
In nature, life-giving forces like sunlight and air do not discriminate against anybody. The sunlight bathes everybody and everything with its glow without exception. It embraces everything with equal love and never feels defiled by the shadow of an untouchable. The cool breeze embraces everybody with its sweet touch. Its friendship is extended to one and all. it blows lovingly on the leaves of trees spreading its sweetness and the leaves reciprocate with their dance. in nature, there is on1 love and equality among all.

Question 18.
Give an account of the circumstances that prompted Mara to meet the king on a stormy night.
Answer:
Mara revealed the King of the appearance of Goddess once again in his dreams in an angry mood. She had threatened that river Veda would overflow and destroy the villages. Mara’s pleading to spare them was of no avail. As she did not relent, Mara asked her permission to go and inform the King and to wait for his return, which she agreed to. Mara told the King to kill him so that he could not return and the Goddess will have to wait for his return and the villages will be saved.

Question 19.
How is the plight of the farmer’s wife depicted in the poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’?
Answer:
The poem “The Farmer ‘s Wife” is a tragic poem that reflects the helpless conditions of farmers’ widows. The plight of the widows is explained by one such widow. The poet uses man phrases to contrast her condition with that of her dead husband. She called the farmer as virtuous’ and herself a ‘poor sinner’. The farmer was unable to pay the debts and he left all the debts to him so she was very sad about us act of committing suicide. The feminist concept was also highlighted in the poem, the phrase “I was born with a head bent” justifies the discrimination in our society between men and women. Man is born with his head held high, but a woman is born with her head bent. But he did not face his creditors bravely and left all this to his wife to solve.

She accused her husband that he poisoned himself and gone away by poisoning his wife’s existence. She remembered the memories of his beating, blaming, drinking, and kicking haunting her. She never dreamt that he would commit suicide. It was true that the crop was gone but the debt remained there and dignity had hit the dust. She expresses her helplessness that how would she be able to bear the burden of their four children. She compared her condition with “worm-eaten cotton pods. ‘ She got ambiguity and asked what was that and why he committed suicide.

Question 20.
What details of suffering does Douglass give about his mother in ‘Frederick Douglass’?
Answer:
Frederick Douglass was separated from his mother before he was twelve months old. He had spent very little time with her and that too only during a few night times. They lost her at the age of seven and never enjoyed any care and communication during those years. So, he was not affected by her death. He was also not allowed to visit her during her illness, death, or burial.

Question 21.
How does the speaker’s attitude undergo a change in the poem ‘An Old Woman’?
Answer:
The poet by depicting her physical appearance makes ‘An Old Woman’ more sympathetic. The passer-by initially did not show much sympathy to her but later when he observes keenly her physical appearance and when she offered to become a tourist guide tò sho around the shrine, he was very much moved by her condition and admired her self respect. here, passerby represents anybody in general. Finally when he feels as if the sky was falling with the sound of plate glass clatter all around the old crone who was shatterproof and standing alone. he undergoes a change in attitude. So. the old woman was successful in evoking sympathy from anyone. in front of the temple.

Question 22.
What story does the narrator hear from the nurse about the boys in ‘Two Gentleman of Verona’?
Answer:

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
“We must regain our sanity about money Before we start killing one another about it” Justify this statement with reference to the poem ‘Money Madness’.
Answer:
When all the people go behind mons noise becomes the most significant thing in society. So man automatically tries to accumulate money to lead his life happily. This money madness spreads widely among all the people in society. Money leads the society and gets respect and power and rules the society. So, man to get all these. accumulates money. And those who have all these, get respect in society. So, man measures the value of others in terms of money.
OR
“Nature is both protective and destructive.” How does the play ‘Watchman of the Lake’ bring out this idea?
Answer:
Basically, nature is goodness personified. It showers its blessings on people in abundance. People must respect what nature provides them and reciprocate by not destroying nature. When people take care of the nature and environment, it protects them. Rivers, trees, hills are all part of nature and they are all for the benefit of mankind. When a man cuts down the trees, blasts the hills, etc., nature’s imbalance causes floods, landslides, and other calamities. Water flows in a river, and if used itself serves for drinking, irrigation, and other uses. In the dry season, there may not be enough water, so excess water coming in torrents during the monsoon should be stored by constructing tanks for the waters of the rivers. When the rivers are dyer polluted, it results in overflow and floods causing loss of livers, lands, and properties. Nature that way is both productive and destructive.
OR
How is Babar Ali an ideal role model to other students? Explain.
Answer:
The initiation is a definite success. Babar Au’s intention when he started his school was to help the less fortunate people by providing free education Today, more and more underprivileged people have utilized this opportunity of his and arc coining up in society. Moreover, we can clearly see that Babar Au’s action has inspired millions of people around the world. If more people take part to change the world for the better. there will be a greater success than he would have wished for Babar Ah has brought about the change he wanted to see in his surroundings. If a young boy from a village had the will and determination to make a change in the world out there. it is not right on our own part to remain as mute spectators but we must also actively participate towards bringing the change.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

Soybean belongs to the Legume family. The beans are the seeds of the leguminous soybean plant. They can be grown in a wide variety of soils and a wide range of climates. Soybeans are versatile as they can be used as whole beans, soy, sprouts, or processed as a variety of food items, such as soy milk, tofu, textured vegetable protein, soy sauce, oil, and margarine, and soy dairy alternatives. They are also used for making candles and biodiesel.

Soy is excellent protein-rich food. It is low in saturated fats and cholesterol-free. Vitamin B is plentiful in it. The minerals like magnesium, calcium, iron, potassium, and copper are found in abundance in Soy. It is also rich in fiber. Soy is highly recommended because of its ability to lower the levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), the bad cholesterol. The food and drug administration has confirmed that foods containing soy protein are likely to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. An easy way to take soy is to dink it in the form of soya milk. It is not available with added flavors. Soya milk does not contain lactose (Milk sugar) and can be drunk by those who are allergic to normal milk. To get soya milk, soybeans are soaked in water, ground, and then strained.

Question 24.
Which family do soybeans belong to?
Answer:
Legume family.

Question 25.
Where are soybeans grown?
Answer:
In a wide variety of soils and a wide range of climates.

Question 26.
Mention one of the food items prepared using soybeans.
Answer:
Soy milk, tofu, oil, etc.

Question 27.
What are the other uses of soy? ‘
Answer:
Soy is used to make candles and biodiesel.

Question 28.
Name the bad cholesterol mentioned in the passage.
Answer:
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL).

Question 29.
What has the food and drug administration confirmed about soy protein?
Answer:
Foods containing soy protein are likely to reduce the milk of coronary heart disease.

Question 30.
In recent times soy has been highly recommended because it
(a) is rich in vitamin B.
(b) Can lower the levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL).
(c) has high-quality protein
Answer:
(b) Can lower the levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL).

Question 31.
Why can soya milk be drunk by those who are allergic to normal milk?
Answer:
Because Soya milk does not contain Lactose (Milk sugar).

Question 32.
Add a prefix to the word ‘saturated’ to form its antonym.
Answer:
unsaturated.

Question 33.
The ________(versatile) of soybean is proved by its use as whole beans, sprouts, and a variety of processed food items.
(Fill in the blank using the appropriate form of the word given in the bracket)
Answer:
versatility.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 34.
Mara decided to brush his teeth and wash his face____ trekking back home. When he broke _____ small stick from a nearby plant to brush, he felt a sour taste in ________ mouth. He thought that there was something wrong ______the stick and threw it.
Answer:
before, a the, with.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
I ______ (enter) a crowded restaurant. I ________(eat) a full meal consisting of chapathis and meat curry. I ______(drink) tea as well. The bill _____(come) to eleven annas.
Answer:
entered, ate, drank, came.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject. (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 36.
I ______(have/has) only rags to wear and I ______ (is/am) Mara the lunatic. How can I ______ (followers/follow) your majesty to the palace?
Answer:
have, am, follow.

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them. (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
Always children like to play.
Answer:
Always children like playing.

Question 38.
My friend did not came to college yesterday.
Answer:
My friend did not come to college yesterday.

E. Rewrite as directed. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
The lion wanted (piece/peace) and tranquility in his kingdom. [Fill in the black with the appropriate word given in bracket]
Answer:
Peace.

Question 40.
The narrator respected the _______ (serious) with which the two boys did their work. (Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in brackets)
Answer:
seriousness

Question 41.
four / had / farmer couple / the / children. (Rearrange the segments to form meaningful sentences)
Answer:
The farmer couple had four children.

Question 42.
Babar Ali lived with his parents. (Change into question beginning with the right form of ‘Do’)
Answer:
Did Babar Ali live with his parents?

Question 43.
My father was a white man (Add a suitable question tag)
Answer:
wasn’t he?

Question 44.
The old man wanted a fifty paise coin. (Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as answer)
Answer:
What did the old man want?

VI. A. Read the KSRTC schedule and answer the question. (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 45.
1st PUC English Previous Year Question Paper March 2020 (South) 1
(a) When does Rajahamsa leave from Mysore?
Answer:
14:00 hours.

(b) Which bus departs to Shivamogga at 17:00 hrs?
Answer:
Airavatha.

(d) Which bus arrives at Mysore at 8:00 hrs?
Answer:
Express.

B. Write a letter to the Commissioner, City Corporation, Mysore, complaining about irregular water supply and inconvenience caused to the people. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 46.
Your letter should also include the following points.
a. Supply of water at odd hours.
b. Areas affected.
Answer:
Rajesh
12 Main, 3rd Cross
Srinagar, Shimoga

20 June 2014

The Commissioner
City Corporation
Shimoga

Sir,
I am Rajesh residing at Srinagar, Shimoga. There are about 700 families living in this area and these inclüdc 1000 children also, and we suffer terribly due to irregular water supply which is one of our basic needs. A large number of families are affected and the public faces a lot of inconveniences. So, I request you to kindly rectify the problem and take necessary remedial measures as quickly as possible to help us.

Thank you

Yours faithfully
Sd!
(RAJESH)

VII. A. Match the expressions under column ‘A’ to its corresponding language functions under B. (5 × 1 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions	B. Functions
1. Excuse me	(a) Expressing gratitude
2. I am grateful to you	(b) Starting a conversation with a stranger
3. I beg your pardon	(c) Seeking permission
4. How sad!	(d) Apologising
5. May I come in	(e) expressing sympathy

Answer:
(1)-b,
(2)-a,
(3)-d,
(4)-e,
(5)-c.

B. Complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 48.
Rohith comes to the class late. The teacher enquires him
Teacher: _________ Rohith?
Rohith: ________ Sir, I __________ The bus
Teacher: It’s O.K. Don’t do it again
Rohith: __________________
Answer:
Teacher: Why are you late. Rohith?
Rohith: Sorry Sir, I missed the bus.
Teacher: It’s O.K. Don’t do it again.
Rohith: OK. Thank you, sir.

C. Dialogue Writing : (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 49.
Sudeep has secured a good rank in the 10th standard exam. Darshan, his friend, meets him and congratulates him. Write a dialogue between the two.
Answer:
Darshan: Hi Sudeep! How are you?
Sudeep: Hello Darshan! I am fine, thank you.
Darshan: Congratulation for securing rank in the 10th exam.
Sudeep: Thank you;
Darshan: OK, see you bye.
Sudeep: Bye.

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 10 with Answers

October 31, 2023

Students can Download 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 10 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 10 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
One mark question attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Whom did the judgment favor in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
The elephant.

Question 2.
What does ‘cage’ stand for in the poem ‘The School Bby’?
Answer:
‘Cage’ stands for school.

Question 3.
Mara tied the medicinal creeper to a nearby tree because
(a) it could be easily located.
(b) it needed the support of a tree.
(c) he was asked to do so.
Answer:
(a) it could be easily located.

Question 4.
Why did the narrator in ‘Oru Manushyan’ begin to sweat?
Answer:
He had lost his wallet and had to pay for his food.

Question 5.
What would happen, if we do not regain our sanity about money according to the speaker of the poem ‘Money Madness’?
Answer:
People would kill each other for money.

Question 6.
How many subjects do Babar Ali’s students study?
Answer:
Ten subjects.

Question 7.
The speaker says ‘Do not ask of me, my love, that love I once had for you.’ Because
(a) his beloved is not as beautiful as she was.
(b) he has realized that there are other sorrows around him demanding his attention.
(c) he has found a more beautiful lady love.
Answer:
(b) He has realized that there are other sorrows around him demanding his attention.

Question 8.
Name the river mentioned in ‘The Watchman of the Lake’.
Answer:
Veda.

Question 9.
What does the phrase ‘The harvest of my womb’ refer to in ‘The Farmer’s Wife’?
Answer:
Her children.

Question 10.
Who was considered as ‘a a constant offense’ to the slaveholder’s mistress?
Answer:
The slave son was born to her husband (mulatto).

Question 11.
What did the old woman expect from the tourists for her service?
Answer:
A fifty paise coin.

Question 12.
Mention one of the things that Nicola and Jacopo did to earn money.
Answer:
They polished the shoes of tourists and others to earn some money.

II. Answer any eight of the following in a paragraph of 50-70 words each : (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
With what plan of action did the man build a new house in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’?
Answer:
The man was fed up with the animals occupying and taking over the houses each time he built one. So, he thought of a plan and accordingly built a big house. All the animals coveted that and quarreled for occupying it. When they were all inside, he set fire to that house and all the animals got killed.

Question 14.
Why does the boy find school life uninteresting in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
The poet William Blake relevantly argues on the education of the children. He says that the boy is very happy being with nature and he learns freely in nature as he loves to rise happily in the sworn morning. But when he thinks of school, his happiness disappears and he feels the school is a prison. The boy does not think freely in the school The poet excellently says that the boy sits in the school in fear and anxiety and he questions how he can learn the subjects. When the child loses his happiness he doesn’t show interest in learning and it becomes a major obstacle for his mental and physical growth.

The poet emphasizes nature. He says, the boy gets happiness in the singing of a bird and watching the huntsman, Nature is the sweet company to him. But when the boy enters formal schooling, he spends the time in irritation and anxiety. The poet stresses on free-learning and informal schooling, that is learning in nature. That helps to widen his mental horizon and physical growth. The poet is not arguing against education but discourages formal schooling and encourages informal learning. He gives valuable advice to the parents to give a lot of sweet memories of learning in childhood so that the child gets ãll round development and ensures the future of the nation.

Totally, the poem is an excellent attempt to bring out the torture felt by the children at formal schooling. The poem gives the message to discourage formal schooling and encourage free learning for children.

Question 15.
What was the story behind Mara’s loss of teeth in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
Once Mara had laid a trap in the forest, to catch rabbits. The next morning, when he had gone to check, there was no animal in the trap. He decided to brush his teeth as there was a stream nearby. He broke a small stick from a nearby plant to brush and while doing a third or fourth time, he had felt a sour taste in the mouth. He wanted to try another stick but before that, he wanted to rinse his mouth. He took some water from the stream and when he spat it out, a few teeth touched by the stick also tumbled out. He had lost the teeth on one side of his mouth.

Question 16.
How does the stranger come to the help of the narrator in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
Once, the narrator went to a restaurant with fourteen rupees in his wallet kept in the pocket and ate a full meal consisting of chapatis and meal curry. He drank tea. The bill was eleven annas. He searched his pocket to pay the bill but was shocked that his wallet was not in his pocket and someone had stolen it. When he said the same to the oner. the owner caught him by the lapeLs and ordered him to pay up. But as he did not have any moue’, he offered to keep his coat there and later ouId bring some money and claim the coat. But the owner asked him to take òff all his clothes. When he was removing them with great humiliation, a stranger came and helped the narrator by paying his bill.

Question 17.
Bring out the contrast between the suffering of mankind and the beauty of mankind in ‘Do Not Ask of Me, My Love’?
Answer:
The suffering of mankind is one side of life where some do not get food easily and shelter and clothes are distant dreams. They also struggle even to get their daily bread. They suffer from diseases also. On the other side, things are brighter for people who have money to spend on and everything. They do not bother about poverty and the problems of the poor but always think*about their status and pleasures that money can bring and life for them is beautiful.

Question 18.
What does Mara the watchman, reveal to the King on the night of the storm?
Answer:
Mara revealed the King of the appearance of Goddess once again in his dreams in an angry mood. She had threatened that river Veda would overflow and destroy the villages. Mara’s pleading to spare them was of no avail. As she did not relent, Mara asked her permission to go and inform the King and to wait for his return, which she agreed to. Mara told the King to kill him so that he could not return and the Goddess will have to wait for his return and the villages will be saved.

Question 19.
In what way does the farmer’s widow intend to solve the problem?
Answer:
The farmer’s widow resolves to live for the sake of her children. Though the farmer had committed suicide, she does not become a coward to die. Moreover, she has the responsibility of looking after their children and their future. In order to take care of her children, she must be alive. So she decided to live for the sake of her children.

Question 20.
Give an account of how Babar Ali’s school grew out of a game.
Answer:
Babar Ah started school at the age of nine. In fact, his school “Anand Siksha Niketan” grew out of a game. Initially, the children used to play with Babar as a teacher. Ill’s friends had never seen the inside of a school. so they enjoyed playing students, They ended up learning arithmetic and enjoying it In 2002, this game got institutionalized with a strength of eight. Word spread and the numbers grew. Many friends of Ah and Non-Government Organisations. IAS officers and local cops donated rice for midday meals. At last, Government took the initiative to provide rice to the school. Now the school has 800 students in total. with 10 volunteer teachers teaching for classes one to eight, it is a godsent Opportunity for the poór children of the neighboring villages.

Question 21.
Describe the acts of courage of the two boys during the war.
Answer:
Their father had been killed during the war with Germany and a bomb had destroyed their home. They hated the Germans and when a secret resistance movement was formed they joined it even at that tender age. Their youth and small size along with their intimate knowledge of the neighboring hills made them immensely valuable. They were used to carry messages to the forces of liberation and to ferret out information on the movements of the German troops.

Question 22.
Why does the speaker want to be a tree?
Answer:
The speaker wanted to be a tree because no one would discriminate against it and birds wouldn’t ask to what caste it belonged and sunlight would (approach) embrace it and its shadow wouldn’t be termed polluted. It can make friendship with the cool breeze, and raindrops would not go back by thinking that it is untouchable. The tree would feel happy with the touch of a sacred cow and it would get the opportunity of providing shelter for the hundred thousand Gods said to be residing in the cow. The tree can become pure in it is cut into dry pieces and burnt in the holy fire and can help the sinless dead body by becoming a bier on the shoulders of four good men.

The poem describes the sense of equality present in nature, Sunlight and cool breeze treat everybody with love and spread their sweetness to all without discrimination. Unlike some humans who feel polluted getting in contact with the untouchables, nature has no such sense of superiority. All are equal in their eves.

The poem also presents social discrimination, as the speaker is much humiliated by the social discrimination and wanted to become a tree to escape from discrimination in society. He feels the safety, purity, and generosity, and helping nature of a tree more than in human beings. In society, a man without thinking of helping others thinks which is pure and which is polluted. He neglects and discriminates against some and appreciates others in name of caste, creed, and religion. So this practice is meaningless and the practice must be prohibited to sustain equality in society.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
The details given by Frederick Douglass about his mother depict a mother’s, deep love. Substantiate.
Answer:
Frederick Douglass’s mother was a slave to Captain Anthony who was rumored to have sired Frederick. It was the practice of white masters to sexually exploit the female slaves and the children born out of this follow the condition of their mothers. By this cunning arrangement, the slaveholder sustains to his slaves the double relation of master and father.

It was a common custom in those parts to part these children from their mothers at a very early age, by selling the mothers off to some other farm and placing the child in the cure of an old woman too old for field labor. Douglass’s mother was hired by a Mr. Stewart, who lived about twelve miles from his place. She worked as a field hand and she made her journeys to see her son in the night after the day’s work, traveling on foot. Whipping was the penalty for not being in the field at sunrise and so, she could spend only very little time with her son and had to return. Not much communication ever took place between them. She died when he was about seven.

She underwent all these hardships just to spend a few hours once in a while with her son, putting him to sleep and just lying next to him. She could not enjoy caring for him, or nursing him, or watch him grow. This shows a mother’s deep love for her child, which they had no means to express otherwise, under such terrible conditions.
OR
Comment on the collective money madness as described in the poem ‘Money Madness’.
Answer:
The poem Money Madness by D.H. Lawrence focuses on how a man becomes more materialistic and loses the values and sentiments in society. He respects money over relationships. Society goes on to measure a man in Venus of money. A man who does not have money does not get respect from society and those who have money get respect and are obeyed by all. So to get all these social statuses, the man gives much importance to money and he never helps other fellow beings who may be in difficulties.

The poet says that man has this money madness and it is widely spread among men. Fie affirms that if society goes behind money, individuals to goes behind the same. He confirms that no man gives a pound without pain and no man gives ten pounds without trembling, and the man loses his generosity. Man makes money. but money makes man and many things. So, the man fears more and tries to accumulate it and respects it instead of other men. The poet also warns that money-less people should not be treated with neglect and should not be treated based on status.

The poet fears for mankind that if it measures another man only in terms of money, there would be no future for human relationships. If people do not regain sanity about money. certainly, money has got men down to become its slaves. So. the poet offers a genuine solution that bread shoúld be free, shelter should be free and fire should be free to all the people in the world.

In the overall view of the poem, the poet worries about man’s greed for money and offers a better solution for a better tomorrow.
or
Nicola and Jacopo bring nobility to human life. Explain.
Answer:
War is the element of mass destruction and history has plenty of examples of total annihilation of cities and populations. But. it can only destroy physical structures like houses. buildings and of course humans, It can never crush the spirit of the survivors, as in the case of the boys, Jacopo and Nicola.

They had lost everything in the war including their father and their house. But, their indomitable spirit, toughens them to face the situation bravely, do their might in the freedom struggle, and later take care of their sister’s treatment by the sheer dint of their hard work and determination.

They stand out as shining examples for their courage in the face of adversities and in a way. war has lost to them and they have emerged victorious.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

Many years ago in a small Indian village, a farmer had the misfortune of owing a large sum of money to the village moneylender. The moneylender, who was old and ugly, fancied the farmer’s beautiful daughter. So he proposed a bargain. He said he would forgo the farmer’s debt if he could marry the farmer’s daughter.

Both the farmer and his daughter were horrified by the proposal. So the cunning moneylender suggested that they let providence decide the matter.

He told them that he would put a black pebble and a white pebble into an empty money bag. Then the girl would have to pick one pebble from the bag. If she picked the black pebble, she would become his wife and her father’s debt would be written off. If she picked the white pebble she need not marry him and her father’s debt would still be written off. But if she refused to pick a pebble, her father would be thrown into jail. They were standing on a pebble-strewn path in the farmer’s field.

As they talked, the moneylender bent over to pick up two pebbles. As he picked them up, the sharp-eyed girl noticed that he had picked up two black pebbles. The girl put her hand into the money bag and drew out a pebble. Without looking at it, she fumbled and let it fall onto the pebble-strewn path where it immediately became lost among all the other pebbles.

“Oh, how clumsy of me,” she said. “But never mind, if you look into the bag for the one that is left, you will be able to tell which pebble I picked. “

Since the remaining pebble is black, it must be assumed that she had picked the white one. And since the moneylender dared not admit his dishonesty; the girl changed what seemed an impossible situation into an extremely advantageous one.

Question 24.
What was the misfortune of the farmer?
Answer:
Owing to a large sum of money to the village moneylender.

Question 25.
Which proposal of the moneylender horrified the farmer and his daughter?
Answer:
His proposal of marrying the farmer’s daughter for writing off the farmer’s debt.

Question 26.
How could the girl save her father?
Answer:
The clever girl had noticed the money lender putting two black pebbles in the bag, and wisely took one pebble out and let it fall among all the other pebbles on the path. As it was not possible to spot the one she had dropped, she suggested that whatever colored pebble was in the bag, was opposite to what she had chosen. As it was a black pebble in the bag, it was assumed that she had chosen a white one. In this way, she saved her father and herself.

Question 27.
What trick did the moneylender play while putting the stones into the bag?
Answer:
He had put two black pebbles only.

Question 28.
What did the girl do with the pebble she had taken out from the bag?
Answer:
Let it fall among the other pebbles on the path.

Question 29.
“An impossible situation was changed into an advantageous one” by
(a) the act of providence.
(b) the cleverness of the girl.
(c) chance.
Answer:
(b) the cleverness of the girl.

Question 30.
Choose the word from the passage which suggests that the girl had a keen observation.
Answer:
Sharp-eyed girl.

Question 31.
Add a prefix to the word ‘honesty’ to form its antonym.
Answer:
Dishonesty.

Question 32.
The expression “written off’ means
(a) already written.
(b) canceled.
(c) repaid.
Answer:
(b) canceled

Question 33.
The moneylender’s ……………. (suggest) was accepted by the farmer. (Fill in the blank by adding a suitable suffix to the word given in brackets.)
Answer:
The moneylender’s suggestion was accepted by the farmer.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 34.
Babar wakes up every morning ……………. 7 and starts his day …………….. doing some household chores. Then he takes ……… autorickshaw first and later walks to ……….. school where he is a class XII student. (a, an, by, the, at, on)
Answer:
Babar wakes up every morning at 7 and starts his day by doing some household chores. Then he takes an auto-rickshaw first and later walks to the school, where he is a class XII student.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
The Goddess stood before me. Her dresses ………. (be) wild, her eyes …………..(gleam) with a strange light. She ………… (have, splash) her forehead with vermilion.
Answer:
The Goddess stood before me. Her dresses were wild, her eyes gleamed with a strange light. She had splashed her forehead with vermilion.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject. (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 36.
The man ………….. (went/goes) near the hut. It ……………(was/were) occupied by the lords of the Jungle. He went away and …………..(built/build) a better one.
Answer:
The man went near the hut. It was occupied by the lords of the Jungle. He went away and built a better one.

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them. (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
One of the boy was 12 years old.
Answer:
One of the boys was 12 years old.

Question 38.
‘When you came?
Answer:
When did you come?

E. Rewrite as directed. (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
The man came to……….(seas/cease) the narrator’s humiliation. (Fill in the blank with the appropriate words given in brackets.)
Answer:
The man came to cease the narrator’s humiliation.

Question 40.
The (separate) of mother and child was inevitable. (Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in brackets.)
Answer:
The separation of mother and child was inevitable.

Question 41.
religion 7 man’s / true / is / education . (Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence.)
Answer:
Education is man’s true religion.

Question 42.
The narrator was asked to accompany the man. (Add a question tag.)
Answer;
wasn’t he?

Question 43.
She made her journey to see her child in the night. (Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘do’.)
Answer:
Did she make journeys to see her child in the night?

Question 44.
The German Elite Guard established its headquarters in Verona. (Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as the answer.)
Answer:
Where did the German Elite Guard establish its headquarters?

VI A. Refer to the following list of events and answer the questions set on it. (1 × 4 = 4)

College Union Day

Event	Time
Inaugural function	09:00am to 11:00am
Prize Distribution	11:00am to 12:15pm
Cultural Programmes	(a) Songs and Dances 12:15pm to 02:00pm (b) Lunch Break 02:00pm to 03:00pm (c) Fish Pond 03:00pm to 04:00pm

Question 45.
(i) How long will the inaugural event last?
Answer:
For 2 hrs.

(ii) When will the prize distribution begin?
Answer:
At 11 am,

(iii) The cultural programs will take place
(a) in the morning,
(b) in the afternoon,
(c) at night.
Answer:
(b) in the afternoon

(iv) What is the time allotted for Fish Pond?
Answer:
3 pm to 4 pm (1 hr).

B. Write a letter to the Principal of Sarvodaya Vidyalaya, inviting him/her and the staff to attend the Cultural Day Programme of your College.

Question 46.
Your letter should contain the following points.

date and time of program
venue of the program
list of a few items in the program

Answer:
Prajwal
Vidya PU College
Tumkur

25th July 2014

The Principal
Sarvodaya Vidyalaya
Bangalore

Sub: Invitation for cultural programs

Dear Sir,
Regarding the above subject, you are cordially invited to attend our cultural programs along with your faculty and staff on 5th August 2014 at 12 p.m. The programme is held at Vidya PU College, Tumkur.

The list of programs is given below for your kind information.
(a) Songs and dance 12:15 pm to 02:00 pm
(b) Lunch Break . 02:00 p.m to 03:00 pm
(c) Fishpond 03:00 pm to 04:00 pm.

We will be awaiting your presence.

Thank you

Yours faithfully
Sd/-
[PRAJWAL]

VII. A. Match the expressions under column A to their corresponding language function under B: (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions	B. Functions
1. Hello, Good Morning.	(a) expressing sympathy.
2. Shankar, this is Mahesh	(b) greeting
3. Thank you so much.	(c) introducing
4. What a pity!	(d) expressing gratitude
5. What you say may be right, but	(e) disagreeing

Answer:

A. Expressions	B. Functions
1. Hello, Good Morning.	(b) greeting
2. Shankar, this is Mahesh	(c) introducing
3. Thank you so much.	(d) expressing gratitude
4. What a pity!	(a) expressing sympathy.
5. What you say may be right, but	(e) disagreeing

B. Complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 48.
Customer: ………… I’ve got a complaint to make.
Manager: Tell me ……………..?
Customer: I’ve been waiting for the past twenty minutes but no one seems to attend to this table.
Manager: ……………..I’ll send someone at once.,
Customer: ……………………………………………
Answer:
Customer: Excuse me. I’ve got a complaint to make.
Manager: Tell me, sir, what is the problem?
Customer: I’ve been waiting for the past twenty minutes but no one seems to attend to this table.
Manager: Please wait. I’ll send someone at once.
Customer: Please do it quickly. Thank you.

C. Dialogue Writing : (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 49.
Naveen has won the championship at the district-level athletics meet. His friend Kiran compliments him. Write a dialogue between Naveen and Kiran. The dialogue should cover the following points:

About his training
About his victory

Answer:
Kiran: Congratulations, you have achieved it.
Naveen: Thank you.
Kiran: How did you train yourself for victory.
Naveen: Kiran, every day I practiced for 6 hours, and my self-confidence also helped me to win.
Kiran: How do you feel about your victory?
Naveen: Victory is not the end, it is just the beginning. I have to win at State and National levels.
Kiran: All the best!
Naveen: Thank you.

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 9 with Answers

October 31, 2023

Students can Download 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 9 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 9 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
One mark question attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Name one of the members appointed to the Commission of Enquiry in ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle.
Answer:
Mr. Buffalo.

Question 2.
One of the things that the boy likes to do in the poem ‘The School boy’ is
Answer:
To rise in a summer morning

Question 3.
When, according to the native doctors, would the medicines lose their potency?
Answer:
If they told others about their medicines, the medicines would lose their potency.

Question 4.
How far was the big city from the narrator’s hometown in ‘Oru Manushyan’?
Answer:
About a thousand and five hundred miles from his home.

Question 5.
Mention any one of the things which should be made available free of cost in ‘Money Madness’.
Answer:
Bread.

Question 6.
How old was Babar Ali when he actually started his school?
Answer:
He was 9 years old.

Question 7.
What gave the Spring everlasting youth, in the poem ‘Do not ask of Me, My Love’?
Answer:
Speaker’s beloved’s beauty.

Question 8.
What had the Goddess instructed Mara, in his dream in ‘Watchman of the Lake’?
Answer:
Td build a tank for river Veda’s waters.

Question 9.
Who does ‘you’ refer to in the poem ‘The Farmer’s Wife’?
Answer:
The Farmer.

Question 10.
According to Douglass, why were the child and its mother separated by their masters?
Answer:
To hinder the development of the child’s affection towards its mother and to blunt and destroy the mother’s natural affection for her child.

Question 11.
What does the old woman offer to do at the shrine?
Answer:
To be a tour guide to show the visitors the Horseshoe Shrine.

Question 12.
Where did the narrator first meet Nicola and Jacopo?
Answer:
On the outskirts of Verona.

II. Answer any eight of the following in a paragraph of 50-70 words each : (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
What happened when the man started grumbling about his hut being occupied by the elephant?
Answer:
When the man started to grumble about his hut being occupied by the elephant, the animals in the nearby forest heard the noise and came to see what was the matter. All stood around listening to the heated argument between the man and his friend, the elephant. The lion came and appointed a commission to look into the matter.

Question 14.
Why does the boy dislike going to school in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
The boy disliked going to school because he felt it was like a prison and he was unhappy in the school. He did not find any happiness in the books but only sat in fear in the school. He did not want to spend his time in that cage, instead, he wanted to enjoy nature. He wanted to spend the time with huntsmen and to listen to the singing of skylarks.

Question 15.
How was Krishna cured of his illness in ‘Around a Medicinal Creeper’?
Answer:
Krishna was suffering from piles and met the narrator to get help from him. But the narrator only helped him with some money which was not enough for his treatment. But Krishna knew a Malayali sadhu. He went to the sadhu but as he was too old he could not search for the medicine but described the medicinal plant. Then Krishna searched for the plant along with the narrator and got cured of piles, by grinding the plant with milk and drinking it.

Question 16.
Describe the embarrassing experience suffered by the narrator in ‘Oru Manushyan’.
Answer:
Once, the narrator went to a restaurant with fourteen rupees in his wallet kept in the pocket and ate a full meal consisting of chapatis and meat curry, l-le drank tea, The bill was eleven annas & He searched his pocket to pay the bill but was shocked that his wallet was not in his pocket and someone had stolen it. When he said the same to the owner, the owner caught him by the lapels and ordered him to pay up. Bitt as he did not have any more, offered to keep his coat there and later ould bring some money and claim the coat. But the owner asked him to take off all his clothes. When he was removing them with great humiliation, a stranger came and helped the narrator by paving his bill.

Question 17.
What qualities of Mara, the watchman, do you appreciate? Why?
Answer:
Mara was very pious and had unshakeable faith in the Goddess of the village. He had a great sense of humor, was intelligent and resourceful, and Had concern for the people and the welfare of the Kingdom. He very much worked consciously and took pride in his job as the watchman of the lake. Was considerate with animals and fellow humans but very strict with those who violate the rules and harm the environment. He even sacrificed his life for the sake of the Kingdom. These are the qualities of Mara which appreciates very much. They are exemplary qualities that everyone should emulate.

Question 18.
How is the speaker of the poem ‘Do not ask of me, My love’ affected by the harsh realities of mankind?
Answer:
The poem “DO not ask of Me My love” by Faiz Ahmad Faiz, presents the concept of love and contemporary issues of our society. The poem begins when the lover expresses his helplessness in not being able to love his beloved as in the past. He explains how she seemed so very bright when he had felt that only she was his world. He even exaggerates how her beauty had given breath to the everlasting spring. Her eyes were everything to him and nothing else was there except her in his world. He had felt that with her by his side, the world was his and he could attain everything.

But now, he has realized that all that was just an illusion and only his imagination. He gives as his reasoning his realization that there out in the wide world were issues. more important than his love for her. He is now more concerned about social problems, war1 destruction, poverty diseases, and pain of people and would rather try and solve those problems than stay in his illusory world of love for his beloved.

He assures her that his love for her has not diminished, but the social problems have taken privacy-justified by these lines, “You’re beautiful still my love, but I’m helpless too………”. In a way, it is a message to all, that love in yoùth is quite common, but one’s country and social problems are more important and deserve concern and commitment from all. The speaker has opted for the more fulfilling choice of social reformation than his love.

Question 19.
Why does the farmer’s widow resolve to live?
Answer:
The farmer’s widow resolves to live for the sake of her children. Though the farmer had committed suicide, she does not become a coward to die. Moreover, she has the responsibility of looking after their children and their future. In order to take care of her children, she must be alive. So she decided to live for the sake of her children.

Question 20.
Give an instance to show the ruthlessness of Mr. Plummer.
Answer:
Mr. Plummer was a very cruel and inhuman drunkard and a savage monster. He would tie up an aunt of Douglass to a joist and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood. Tears and pleading had no effect on him and he would stop only when he was tired.

Question 21.
How does the speaker’s attitude undergo a change in’ An Old Woman’?
Answer:
The poet by depicting her physical appearance makes An Old Woman more sympathetic. The passer-by initially did not show much sympathy to her but later when he observes keenly her physical appearance and when she offered to become a tourist guide to sho around the shrine, he was very much moved by her condition and admired her self-respect. here, passerby represents anybody in general. Finally when he feels as if the sky was falling with the sound of plate glass clatter all around the old crone who was shatterproof and standing alone. he undergoes a change in attitude. So, the old woman was successful in evoking sympathy from anyone. in front of the temple.

Question 22.
What qualities of Nicola and Jacopo impress the narrator?
Answer:
Their cheerful competence. unremitting willingness to work, their silent epic of youthful devotion, and their selfless action attracted the narrator.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words. (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
Babar Ali’s efforts to teach poor children have brought about a transformation in their lives. Discuss.
Answer:
Babar Au’s school was started when he was only nine. while playing a game. Very soon. children began to love his way of teaching and flocked to his ‘school’. Babar did not charge a fee for his teaching. He also got the help of the local educated people. He came and taught the children. Bahar was successful in getting the help of nine high school student volunteers. The oldest and most educated of them is Debarita who goes to College in Behrampur.

Babar himself studies in class XII in a school quite far from his house. He commutes the long-distance, attends classes in the mornings, and comes back in the afternoons to his ‘school’ to teach youngsters who have worked hard in the mornings and are now ready for learning. The fact that his school is entirely free, he and his staff teach well, there is a midday meal, and his school is recognized b the West Bengal Government. attracts many students to his school.

The increasing strength of his school just sho shows cager people are to get their children edücated. and how good. selfless work gets noticed by people soon. Those who cannot afford education in the regular schools, do not mind sending their children to learn from teachers like Babar. This only proves that Indians are realizing the significance of education in life.
or
Do you think Mara’s dream of building a lake is significant? Give reasons to support your view.
Answer:
Mara’s dream focuses on the development of village people to get, water the whole year from river Veda. It says to build a tank to hold theaters of river Veda

The first time when the Goddess appeared before him, he was very content and happy as she was ven beautiful and peaceful and she gave a command to him to build a tank for Veda. Her appearance was a great pleasure for him and he saw her as a peaceful mother.

When the Goddess appeared for the second time. it was terrible and Veda was thundering down from the mountain. The Goddess’ eves were wild and gained with a strange light. She carried a sword in lier hand and she laid splashed her forehead with vermilion. She was aggressive and Mara was afraid of her and prayed to appease her.
OR
How does the poem, ‘If I was a Tree’ bring out nature’s acceptance of all its creatures as a contrast to man’s rejection of his own kind?
Answer:
The speaker wanted to be a tree because no one would discriminate against it and birds wouldn’t ask to what caste it belonged and sunlight would (approach) embrace it and its shadow wouldn’t be termed polluted. It can make friendship with the cool breeze, and raindrops would not go back by thinking that it is untouchable, The tree would feel happy with the touch of a sacred cow and it would get the opportunity of providing shelter for the hundred thousand Gods said to be residing in the cow, The tree can become pure when it is cut into dry pieces and burnt in the holy fire and can help the sinless dead both by becoming a bier on the shoulders of four good men.

The pond also presents social discrimination. as the speaker is much humiliated by the social discrimination and wanted to become a tree to escape from discrimination in society.

He feels the safety, purity, and generosity, and helping nature of a tree more than in human beings. In society, a man without thinking of helping others thinks which is pure and which is pollinated. He neglects and discriminates against some and appreciates others in name of caste. creed mid religion. So this practice is meaningless and the practice must be prohibited to sustain equality in society.

IV. Read the following passage and answer the questions set on it. (10 × 1 = 10)

Lies can be divided into two types: white lies and black lies. A black lie is a statement we make that we know is false. A white lie is a statement we make that is not in itself false but that leaves out a significant part of the truth. The fact that a lie is white does not in itself make it less of a lie or any more excusable. White lies may be every bit as destructive as black ones. A Government that withholds essential information from its people by censorship is no more democratic than one that speaks falsely. The woman who conveniently forgets to mention that she has used up all the money in the family bank account is no less guilty than if she had lied directly. Indeed, because it may seem less reprehensible, the withholding of essential information is the most common form of lying, and because it may be the more difficult to detect and confront, it is often even more pernicious than black-lying. White-K ing is considered socially acceptable in many of our relationships because “we don’t want to hurt people’s feelings”. Yet we may bemoan the fact that our social relationships are generally superficial. Parents often feed their children white lies. This is not only considered acceptable but is thought to be loving and beneficent. Even husbands and wives who have been brave enough to be open with each other find it difficult often to be open with their children.

Question 24.
What are the two types of lies?
Answer:
White lies and black lies.

Question 25.
How does the author define a white lie?
Answer:
A white he is a statement we make that is not in itself false but that leaves out a significant part of the truth.

Question 26.
According to the author, what is common to both types of lies?
Answer:
White lies may be every bit as destructive as black ones.

Question 27.
Why is white lying more pernicious than black lying?
Answer:
As white he is more difficult to detect and confront, it is more pernicious than black lying.

Question 28.
According to the passage, under what circumstance does a woman resort to white lying?
Answer:
A woman who has used up all the money in the common family bank account conveniently forgets her mistake, suppressing it from becoming public, and thus resorts to white lies.

Question 29.
When is a white lie considered socially acceptable?
Answer:
When parents often feed their children white lies, it becomes socially acceptable as a face-saving practice.

Question 30.
Why does the author feel that our social relationships are superficial?
Answer:
Some people don’t want to hurt other people’s feelings and resort to white lies. So he feels that their social relationships are superficial.

Question 31.
Government withholding essential information from the public by censorship is – democratic. (Add a prefix to the italicized word to make it a meaningful sentence.)
Answer:
Government withholding essential information from the public by censorship is non- democratic.

Question 32.
Write the expression which means injurious/damaging in the paragraph.
Answer:
hurt.

Question 33.
While lying is
(a) considered immoral in our relationships.
(b) socially acceptable in our relationships.
(c) socially unacceptable in our relationships.
Answer:
(b) socially acceptable in our relationships.

V. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 34.
I stayed in a small city. I made…………living teaching English…………… migrant laborers. I worked …………….. nine in …………. morning to nine at night. (a, from, on, the, to, ah)
Answer:
I stayed in a small city. I made a living teaching English to migrant laborers. I worked from nine in the morning to nine at night.

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
The Commission met and the members (declare) ………… that they ……….. (have, hear) sufficient evidence from both sides. They …………. (announce) their verdict. Hearing it, the man …………….. (begin) to grumble.
Answer:
The Commission met and the members declared that they had heard sufficient evidence from both sides. They announced their verdict. Hearing it, the man began to grumble.

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject: (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 36.
Babar …………… (live / lives) with his three siblings and his parents in a thatched house which ………….. (are/is) the size of an average city kitchen. Others ………. (are/were) not so lucky.
Answer:
Babar lives with his three siblings and his parents in a thatched house which is the size of an average city kitchen. Others are not so lucky

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them: (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
My friend has found a new job.
Answer:
My friend has found a new job.

Question 38.
I have bought a new pair of pants.
Answer:
I have bought a new pair of pants.

E. Rewrite as directed : (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
Mara chased the …………. (dear/ deer) that started running. (Fill in the blank with the appropriate words given in brackets.)
Answer:
Mara chased the deer that started running.

Question 40.
Babar Ali’s example serves as an (inspire) for all of us. (Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in brackets.)
Answer:
Babar Ali’s example serves as an inspiration for all of us.

Question 41.
by / Mr. Stuart / she / was hired (Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence.)
Answer:
She was hired by Mr. Stuart.

Question 42.
It was quite a big city. (Add a question tag.)
Answer:
It was quite a big city, wasn’t it?

Question 43.
The elephant thanked his friend. (Change into a question beginning with the right form of doing.)
Answer:
Did the elephant thank his friend?

Question 44.
Hanuman found Sanieevini on the crest of the mountain. (Frame a question so as to get the underlined word as the answer.)
Answer:
What did Hanuman find on the crest of the mountain?

VI. A. Refer to the following TV schedule and answer the questions set on it in a single complete sentence each: (1 × 4 = 4)
1st PUC English Model Question Paper 9 with Answers 1

Question 45.
(a) Which channel would you watch to listen to music in the afternoon?
Answer:
Chandana.

(b) Which of the channels broadcasts a program on the sea animals?
Answer:
Animal Planet.

(d) The channel that broadcasts Delhi News is
(a) Chandana.
(b) NDTV.
(c) Animal Planet.
Answer:
(b) NDTV.

B. Write a letter to The Coordinator, ‘Learn English Institute’ Burkit Road, T. Nagar, Chennai – 600 017 asking him about the English Speaking Courses they offer. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 46.
Your letter should include the following points.

duration of the course
fees for the course
date of commencement

Answer:
Suraj.K
#22, II Cross,
Ramanagar

2Q July 2014

The Coordinator
Learn English Institute.
Burkit Road
T.Nagar, Chennai – 600 017

Sub: Details of the courses offered.

Dear Sir,
Regarding the above subject, I would like to know the duration of the English speaking course at your institution. Please inform me about the fees for the course and the date of commencement of the next batch. Please do inform me about all the above details at the earliest.

Thank you

Yours faithfully
Sd/-
(SURAJ K)

VII. A. Match the expression under column A to its corresponding language functions under B: (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions	B. Functions
1. How do you do?	(a) requesting
2. Could you please pass me the book?	(b) greeting
3. You look stunning in these new clothes.	(c) introducing
4. Meet my friend Ratan.	(d) disagreeing
5. I beg to differ on this point.	(e) complimenting

Answer:
1 – (b)
2 – (a)
3 – (e)
4 – (c)
5 – (d).

B. Complete the dialogue: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 48.
Neha: Hi Meera!
Meera: ………………….
Neha: I’m fine. How are you?
Meera: ………………………….
Neha: Hey. you are carrying too many bags. Shall I carry one or two for you?
Meera: ………………………….
Neha: You’re welcome! Which way should we go?
Meera: …………………………..
Answer:
Neha: Hi Meera!
Meera: Hi. How are you?
Neha: I’m fine. How are you?
Meera: I’m fine, thank you.
Neha: Hey. you are carrying too many bags. Shall I carry one or two for you?
Meera: Thank you. I cat do with some help
Neha: You’re welcome! Which way should we go?
Meera: Towards left in B H, Road

C. Dialogue Writing: (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 49.
Ganesh has gone to Kolkata for the first time to attend a conference. He asks a stranger how to reach Shanti Durga College from the railway station. Write a dialogue between Ganesh and the stranger.
Answer:
Ganesh: Excuse me, Sir
Stranger: Yes, what can I do for you?
Ganesh: Sir, I am new to Kolkata. Can you help me to find an address?
Stranger: Sure, tell me.
Ganesh: Sir, I want to go to Shanti Durga College, where is it?
Stranger: Go straight, take left and you will find Shanti Hotel. There take right and go straight. There on your left, you can find Shanti Durga College.

1st PUC English Model Question Paper 8 with Answers

October 31, 2023

Students can Download 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 8 with Answers, Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Papers with Answers help you to revise complete Syllabus.

Karnataka 1st PUC English Model Question Paper 8 with Answers

Time: 3 Hrs. 15 Mins.
Max. Marks: 100

Instructions

Follow the prescribed limit while answering the questions.
Write the correct question number as it appears on the question paper.
One mark question attempted more than once will be awarded zero.
For multiple-choice questions choose the correct answer and rewrite it.

I. Answer the following in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each. (12 × 1 = 12)

Question 1.
Who helped the elephant in ‘The Gentlemen of Jungle’?
Answer:
The man.

Question 2.
What does the boy like to do in ‘The School Boy’?
Answer:
The boy likes to get up early in summer when the birds will be singing on every tree.

Question 3.
What did Mara’s wife find on opening the packet of meat?
Answer:
Only the leaves.

Question 4.
Who helped the narrator when he was in difficulty of not being able to pay the bill in the restaurant?
Answer:
A man with a red turban who was a stranger to the narrator.

Question 5.
How are people without money usually treated?
Answer:
People without money are treated as foodless and shelterless.

Question 6.
How many subjects were taught in Babar Ali’s school?
Answer:
Ten subjects.

Question 7.
What are the uses of wood according to the speaker in the poem “ If I was a Tree”?
Answer:
It can be burnt in the holy fine. It can be used to make a bier for earning a dead body.

Question 8.
How does The King respond to Mara’s information about the tank?
Answer:
The; King asked Mara to accompany him the next day on his way back to his capital.

Question 9.
How does the farmer commit suicide in ‘The Farmer’s Wife’?
Answer:
By poisoning himself.

Question 10.
When was Douglass’s mother supposed to meet him?
Answer:
At night times.

Question 11.
What does the word ‘crack’ refer to?
Answer:
Old age.

Question 12.
Why didn’t the author speak to the boys on their return journey?
Answer:
To allow the boys to safely keep their secret.

II. Answer any eight of the following in a paragraph of 50-70 words each: (8 × 4 = 32)

Question 13.
What is the moral of the story “The Gentlemen of the Jungle”.
Answer:
The author, Jomo Kenyatta concludes the story ‘The Gentlemen of the Jungle’ by quoting ‘Peace is costly but it is worth the expense’. What the author is trying to convey to us through this short story is that in a society one’s weakness can be misused by the dominating people and this would ultimately lead the weaker section to have to leave the society. He is trying to instill the idea in the readers’ minds that the suppressed minority in a society will eventually rise to seek power. l-le stands. by his ground by saying that the dominated majority can fool the minority over a period of time but not forever. No one likes to be treated as a slave in society and equality is what everyone desires The moral of the story emphasizes to its readers that one should stop colonialism and discrimination, It comes from the old saying treat others the way you want to be treated.

Question 14.
Describe nature’s significance in children’s learning.
Answer:
The poet William Blake relevantly argues on the education of the children. He says that the boy is very happy being with nature and he learns freely in nature as he loves to rise happily in the summer morning. But when he thinks of school, his happiness disappears and he feels the school is a prison. The boy does not think freely in the school The poet excellently says that the boy sits in the school in fear and anxiety and he questions how he can learn the subjects. When the child loses his happiness he doesn’t show interest in learning and it becomes a major obstacle for his mental and physical growth.

The poet emphasizes nature. He says, the boy gets happiness in the singing of a bird and watching the huntsman. Nature is a sweet company to him. But when the boy enters formal schooling, he spends the time in irritation and anxiety. The poet stresses free learning and informal schooling, that is learning in nature. That helps to widen his mental horizon and physical growth. The poet is not arguing against education but discourages formal schooling and encourages informal learning. He gives valuable advice to the parents to give a lot of sweet memories of learning in childhood so that the child gets àll round development and ensures the future of the nation.

Totally, the poem is an excellent attempt to bring out the torture fèlt by the children at formal schooling. The poem gives the message to discourage formal schooling and encourage free learning for children.

Question 15.
How long did it take the narrator to learn the facts about the medicinal creeper? What does it signify?
Answer:
The Narrator was a good friend of Mara. He was told several unbelievable stories by Mara. But the narrator did not believe him and assumed that they were all cock and bull stories. But when he heard ofAppanna’s account about a herb that if it was squeezed the milk became hard, he wanted to check it. So he plucked some leaves from the creeper and took them to his friend Chandru, a pathologist. He told Chandru what he had heard about that plant. They decided to conduct the experiment and brought a liter of milk and put those leaves in the milk and mixed it with a mixer and poured it into a vessel. After a few minutes, the milk became firm and rubbery. So he came to believe in and learn the facts about the medicinal creeper. It signifies that the narrator did not believe it until it came from his own experience. Most of the educated ones become cynics and skeptics about the uneducated’s stories about medicinal creepers.

Question 16.
Describe the transformation that takes place in a person in “Oru Manushyan”.
Answer:
The narrator used to forego his breakfast and morning tea so that he had the money for his evening meal and tea. One day as usual he came to the crowded restaurant and had his regular meal and tea. When he had to pay the bill, he realized that his wallet had been picked. He revealed this fact to the owner who only found it funny and laughed out loud. Though the narrator offered to leave his coat with the owner. he forced the narrator to take off all his clothes. As the narrator is very much ashamed of taking off his trousers. a stranger stopped him and paid his bill. He later made the narrator wear his clothes and took him away. When the narrator praised and thanked him, the stranger just laughed. He did not recall his name but only warned the narrator against speaking about him. The stranger showed five wallets to the narrator, out of which one was the narrator. The stranger told the narrator to check whether his money was intact, and he wished him good luck. The narrator had mixed feelings b now.

It is clear that his humiliation at the restaurant was due to the stranger’s picking his wallet and rendering him helpless. But he is also thankful for his help at the right moment. avoiding the humiliation of standing štark naked in front of all the people. He TNT that the stranger had perhaps undergone a transformation during his own interaction with the restaurant owner. This made him say at the end. ‘May God help you, and leave without saving anything more to the stranger.

Question 17.
“We must regain our sanity about money. Before we start killing one another about it.” Comment on the statement.
Answer:
The poem Money Madness by DH. Lawrence focuses on how a man becomes more materialistic and loses the values and sentiments in society. He respects money over relationships. Society goes on to measure a man in terms of money, A man who does not have money, does not get respect from society, and those who have money get respect and are obeyed by all. So to get all these social statuses, the man gives much importance to money and he never helps other fellow beings who may be in difficulties.

The poet says that man has this money madness and it is widely spread among men. He affirms that if society goes behind money, individuals to goes behind the same, He confirms that no man gives a pound without pain and no man gives ten pounds without trembling, and the man loses his generosity. Man makes money, but money makes man and many things. So, the man fears money and tries to accumulate it and respects it instead of other men. The poet also warns that money-less people should not be treated with neglect and should not be treated based on status,

The poet fears for mankind that if it measures another man only in terms of money, there would be no future for human relationships. 1f people do not regain sanity about money., certainly money has got men down to become its slaves. So. the poet offers a genuine solution that bread shoUld be free, shelter should be free and fire should be free to all the people in the world.

In the overall view of the poem, the poet worries about man’s greed for money and offers him a solution for a heifer tomorrow.

Question 18.
How does Babar Ali get success in the development of the unprivileged?
Answer:
Babar All started school at the age of nine. ¡n fact his school “Anand Siksha Nikctai” grew out of a game. Initially, the children used to pÍa with Babar as a teacher. His friends had never seen the inside of a school so they enjoyed playing with students.

They ended up Learning arithmetic and enjoying it. In 2002. this game got institutionalized with a strength of eight. Word spread and the numbers grew. Many friends of Ali and Non-Goernment Organisations. IAS officers and local cops donated rice for midday meals. At last, Government took the initiative to provide rice to the school, Now the school has 800 students in total. ith 10 volunteer teachers teaching for classes one to eight. It is a gods opportunity for the poór children of the neighboring villages.

Question 19.
How do you justify the poem “If I was a Tree” as a satire on social discrimination?
Answer:
The speaker wanted to be a tree because no one would discriminate against it and birds wouldn’t ask to what caste it belonged and sunlight would (approach) embrace it and its shadow wouldn’t be termed polluted. It can make friendship with the cool breeze, and raindrops would not go back by thinking that it is untouchable, The tree would feel happy with the touch of a sacred cow and it would get the opportunity of providing shelter for the hundred thousand Gods said to be residing in the cow. The tree can become pure when it is cut into dry pieces and burnt in the holy fire and can help the sinless dead body by becoming a bier on the shoulders of four good men.

The poem describes the sense of equality present in nature. Sunlight and cool breeze treat everybody with love and spread their sweetness to all without discrimination. Unlike some humans who feel polluted getting in contact with the untouchables, nature has no such sense of superiority. All are equal in their eyes.

The poem also presents social discrimination, as the speaker is much humiliated by the social discrimination and wanted to become a tree to escape from discrimination in society. He feels the safety, purity, and generosity, and helping nature of a tree more than in human beings. In a society. a man without thinking of helping others. thinks which is pure and which is polluted. He neglects and discriminates against some and appreciates others in name of caste, creed, and religion. So this practice is meaningless and the practice must be prohibited to sustain equality in society

Question 20.
How differently did Mara treat the fisherman and the visitor?
Answer:
Mara treated the fisherman in a harsh way because he had violated the command of the Goddess and the orders of the King that the place was sacred and no life was to be taken there. The fisherman is catching fish there. Mara warned him not to repeat the same crime again there. Mara’s duty was to look after the tank in a peaceful manner ensuring that no harm befalls any living creature there and the tank does not get polluted by man or beãst.

To the visitor from the farthest part of the kingdom, he spoke soft with kind words and offered him some food also. The visitor’s village was facing a water scarcity the crops were parching and cattle dying. He wanted some water to be let from the tank. Mara assured him that by the King’s orders, water was there for everybody to share and that he will do the needful. It shows that Mara was strict while enforcing the rules but was fair and humane with people’s problems and reädy to help those in need.

Question 21.
Describe the plight of the farmer’s wife.
Answer:
The poem “The Farmer ‘s Wife” is a tragic poem that reflects the helpless conditions of farmers’ widows. The plight of the widows is explained by one such widow. The poet uses many phrases to contrast her condition with that of her dead husband, She called the farmer ‘virtuous’ and herself a poor sinner’. The farmer was unable to pay the debts and he left all the debts to his wife, so she was very sad about his act of committing suicide. The feminist concept was also highlighted in the poem, the phrase “I was born with a head bent’ justifies the discrimination in our society between men and women. Man is born with his head held high. but a woman is born with her head bent.

But he did not face his creditors bravely and left all this to his wife to solve. She accused her husband that he poisoned himself and gone away by poisoning his wife’s existence. She remembered the memories of his beating. blaming, dinking, and kicking haunting her, She never dreamt that he would commit suicide. It was true that the crop was gone but the debt remained there and dignity had hit the dust. She expresses her helplessness that how would she be able to bear the burden of their four children. She compared her condition with “worm-eaten cotton pods.” She got ambiguous and asked what was that and why he committed suicide.

At last, she confidently’ asserts her determination to struggle out her life even without her husband for the sake of her children. So, she shows a strong will to survive ve against all difficulties. Her voice is raised against society in general.

Question 22.
Competent on the life of Douglass as an adventure against slavery.
Answer:
The passage reflects the brutal hidden faces of the masters who treat their slaves cruelly. The slaves were not given proper food. They were exploited without any freedom. Especially for women, it was double exploitation in the name of patriarchy and in the name of slavery. When the girls at teenage seem to be beautiful for their masters, they use them sexually and if they give birth to children, the children were sold at the age of infants to avoid their sentimental relationship.

The passage also explains the heart-rendering description of walking at night for several miles of mothers to see their children. Moreover, they could talk only a little bit because the children would be tired and go to sleep but in the morning they have to go back to work before sunrise. If they fail, they get whipping. This shows the brutal nature of white masters towards their slaves.

III. Answer one of the following in about 200 words: (1 × 6 = 6)

Question 23.
Discuss how Babar Ali’s efforts to teach poor children, have brought about a change in their lives.
Answer:
‘Education is a true religion’ is a fine thought of Nasiruddin. Babar Ali’s father. When people all over arc quarreling about their religions and castes, he is the man who gives education importance and says it is the true religion. One can steal anything. but nobody can steal knowledge. It is the immortal light that lights up millions of other lights. He sums it up by saying. ‘Education is a true religion’.

Inspired by these words, and have understood the value of education and its ties and have started sending their children to schools. Babar’s commitment to helping these people is undeniable and the fact that from eight students in the beginning how his school has grown to cater for eight hundred, shos ho he has changed the people around him and drawn the children to school. Babar is a shining example for the quote ‘where there is a will there is a way,

In spite of being only a teenager instead of whiling away his time playing in the fields, he had a vision and followed it and motivated others into following him.

This literacy movement should not stop at this but should spread to other places also, igniting other like-minded souls to take the initiative to dream, work for and realize a better tomorrow for India. Babar All has become a legend in his youth only and stands tall as a youth icon for the world to emulate.
or
Describe Mara as a great environmentalist who saves the tank.
Answer:
Mara’s sacrifice remains eternal in the history of men who saved lakes. He was the man who didn’t think about himself even for a single day but always about others. In other words. his social service is unforgettable to society, he is the great environmentalist whom the modern materialists must follow and adore to protect nature. Mara’s sacrifice of (leaving his body) taking his last breath is ultimate. Of course, today’s people cannot do that much but have to sacrifice a little of their wants and needs to protect nature. People should not pollute rivers in the name of ‘yatras’ and funerals. All superstitious beliefs and must be stopped now. Man must live according to his needs and not for his wants. For this, he has to follow the examples of tribals who live a contented life with whatever they get. They do not torture nature for coal or gold and live in a simple way. 1f men learn to lead a simple life that is the greatest sacrifice to protect nature from calamities.
or
How does the poem “If I was a tree” bring out nature’s acceptance of all its creatures as a contrast to man’s rejection of his own kind?
Answer:
The speaker wanted to be a tree because no one would discriminate against it and birds wouldn’t ask to what caste it belonged and sunlight would (approach) embrace it and its shadow wouldn’t be termed polluted. It can make friendship with the cool breeze, and raindrops would not go back by thinking that it is untouchable, The tree would feel happy with the touch of a sacred cow and it would get the opportunity of providing shelter for the hundred thousand Gods said to be residing in the cow. The tree can become pure when it is cut into dry pieces and burnt in the holy fire and can help the sinless dead body by becoming a bier on the shoulders of four good men.

The poem also presents social discrimination, as the speaker is much humiliated by the social discrimination and wanted to become a tree to escape from discrimination in society. He feels the safety, purity, and generosity, and helping nature of a tree more than in human beings. In a society man without thinking of helping others. thinks which is pure and which is polluted. He neglects and discriminates against some and appreciates others in name of caste, creed, and religion. So this practice is meaningless and the practice must be prohibited to sustain equality in society.

IV. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions set on it in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each. (10 × 1 = 10)

The great wall of China is said to be one structure built by man on earth, which would be visible to observers on the moon. It covers a distance of 1,500 miles as the crow flies. From the Liaotung Peninsula westward to the last fortress in Central Asia, it crosses the northern province of China.

In the eastern section its height varies from 15-30 feet, and its width from about 25 feet at the bottom to 15 feet at the top, where there is a pathway wide enough for six horsemen to ride side by side, protected by parapets. When the Wall was first built, it had about 25,000 towers, each 40 feet square and 40 feet high projecting from it every few hundred yards, with holes from which the defenders could shoot at the attackers. There are also many watch-towers on the other side, outside the wall on hilltops or passes. These and the towers of the wall were used for signaling with smoke or flags by day and with fire by night.

The great Emperor Shih Huang Ti joined three earlier frontier walls to form a great wall to act as a boundary between China and the north and keep out the feared nomads of the Mongolian steppes. The wall was designed to strengthen the nation’s defenses. Later, during the Ming time, it became a substitute for a strong army and state.

Construction was started around 221 B.C. and the structure was practically complete when Shih Haung Ti died in 210 B.C. The man who did the most in carrying out the Emperor’s plans was General Meng Tien, who in 221 B.C. led an expedition against Tartars and drove them back from the Yellow River into the steppes, and set his men to work on building the wall. They were later joined by thousands of convicts. Year in year out, in icy winds and snowstorms in winter, and in dust storms in summer, the work went on and so many men died that the wall was sometimes called the longest cemetery in the world.

Question 24.
Name the only structure which would be visible to observers on the moon?
Answer:
The great wall of China.

Question 25.
What is the distance it covers?
Answer:
1500 miles as the crow flies.

Question 26.
What is the width and height of the wall?
Answer:
Its width is 25 feet at the bottom andl5 feet* at the top. The height varies between 15 feet to 30 feet.

Question 27.
How many horsemen can ride on its pathway?
Answer:
6 horsemen side by side can ride on the pathway.

Question 28.
How many towers were built on the wall?
Answer:
25,000 towers.

Question 29.
Who was the Emperor of China at the time of building the great wall?
Answer:
ShihHaungTi.

Question 30.
When was the construction started and completed?
Answer:
It started in 221 BC and ended in 210 BC.

Question 31.
Who was the man that carried out the Emperor’s plans after his death?
Answer:
General Meng Tien.

Question 32.
Why did so many men die in the construction of the wall?
Answer:
Icy winds and snowstorms in winter and dust storms in summer took their toll.

Question 33.
Write a suitable title to the passage?
Answer:
The great wall of China’

V. A. Fill in the blanks with appropriate articles and prepositions given in brackets: (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 34.
The sharp sickle had apparently cut an artery and it started bleeding copiously ………… spurts. Everyone around was alarmed and someone brought some leaf, pressed it against ………… wound, and bandaged it With ………….. cloth from one of their lungis.
(with, on, the, a, an, in)
Answer:
an, in, the; a

B. Fill in the blanks with the suitable form of the verbs given in brackets. (1 × 4 = 4)

Question 35.
The Englishman was angry because he ……………. (think) that Mara ……………….(is) so greedy that even though he ……………… (has to offer) him his entire estate, he was not …………… (satisfy).
Answer:
thought, was, had offered, satisfied

C. Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject : (1 × 2 = 2)

Question 36.
Narrator…………..(shake /shook) his head and turned away. He felt he could not …………. (bear/bearing) to intrude upon this happy family party. But at the foot of the staircase, he ……………..(stop /stopped) and looked back at them with admiration.
Answer:
shook, bear, stopped.

D. Correct the following sentences and rewrite them: (2 × 1 = 2)

Question 37.
I go to bed at 10 pm every day.
Answer:
I go to bed at 10 pm.

Question 38.
The players are in the field.
Answer:
The players are on the field.

E. Rewrite as directed: (6 × 1 = 6)

Question 39.
Few of the trees ……….. (lose/lose) their leaves in spring. (Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in brackets).
Answer:
lose.

Question 40.
The sun …………….. in the sky (shine) (Complete the sentence with the right form of the word given in brackets).
Answer:
shines.

Question 41.
to be/souls/in/one/of/Babar/the/fortunate/happens/his/village. (Rearrange the segments to form a meaningful sentence).
Answer:
Babar happens to be one of the fortunate souls in his village.

Question 42.
Money is our madness. (Add a question tag).
Answer:
isn’t it?

Question 43.
The whites made us slaves.
(Change into a question beginning with the right form of ‘do’.)’
Answer:
Did the whites make us slaves?

Question 44.
The elephant obeyed the command of the lion. (Frame a .question so as to get the underlined words as answer).
Answer:
Who obeyed the command of the lion?

VI. A. Read the following schedule and answer the question set on it: (4 × 1 = 4)

Question 45.
Kingfisher Airlines -Flight – 0088
1st PUC English Model Question Paper 8 with Answers 1
(i) What is the flight number.
(ii) At what time will it depart from Bangalore?
(iii) When will the flight reach Hyderabad?
(iv) At what time does the flight leave Chennai?
Answer:
(i) Kingfisher Airlines – 0088.
(ii) 11:15 hours.
(iii) 15:15 hours
(iv) 12:45 hours.

B. Write a letter to the municipal authorities, Basavanagudi ward, Bangalore, about the unclean and inadequate supply of water in the area. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 46.
Your letter should include –
(a) irregular supply
(b) irregular timings
(c) problems faced
(d) request, to take suitable measures
Answer:
# 1240/2
Kuvempu street
Basavanagudi
Bangalore – 01

05 August 2014.
The Commissioner
City Corporation
Basavanagudi Ward
Bangalore – 01

Dear Sir,
I am a resident of the Basavanagudi ward. This letter is to bring to your notice that water which is being supplied to our area is unclean and inadequate. The water is very dirty and it is being supplied only once in five days. Since most of the people in my house are employed, they are not able to collect water. Hence I request you to kindly look into the matter and take the necessary steps for supplying clean water on a regular basis of at least every other day.

Thank you

Yours faithfully
Sd/-
[CHANDRAPPA]

VII A. Match the expression under column A to its corresponding language functions under B. (1 × 5 = 5)

Question 47.

A. Expressions	B. Functions
1. That’s a pity	(a) expressing surprise
2. Do you think it would be possible?	(b) apology
3. I am grateful to you	(c) gratitude.
4. How smart the boy looks	(d) expressing sympathy
5. I am sorry	(e) expressing doubt

Answer:
1-(d)
2-(e)
3-(c)
4-(a)
5-(b)

B. Complete the dialogue : (1 × 4= 4)

Question 48.
Mahesh: ……………….. Mr.Hari. How are you?
Hari: …………………. Thank you. How are you, Mr. Mahesh.
Mahesh: I’m fine …………….. I am happy to have you as my colleague. Do come home sometime.
Hari: Sure. I will …………
Answer:
Mahesh: Hello Mr.Hari. How are you?
Hari: I am fine. Thank you. How are you, Mr. Mahesh?
Mahesh: I’m fine. Thank you and I am happy to have you as my colleague. Do come home sometime.
Hari: Sure, I will definitely come.

C. Dialogue Writing: (1 × 3 = 3)

Question 49.
Ramesh has gone to Chennai for the first time to attend a conference. He asks a stranger how to reach Yagnavalkya College from the railway station. Write a .dialogue between Ramesh and his stranger.
Answer:
Ramesh: Hello sir. I am new to Chennai. Could you please direct me to Yagnavalkya College?
Stranger: Go straight, and turn left at the signal. You will find the Atria hotel to your left. Opposite to that only is Yagnavalkya College.
Ramesh: Thank you so much, sir.
Stranger: It’s alright.

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