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You can Download Chapter 2 The Story of Human Evolution Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st PUC History Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC History Question Bank Chapter 2 The Story of Human Evolution

1st PUC History The Story of Human Evolution One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
From which language is the term ‘human’ derived?
Answer:
The term ‘human’ is derived from the Latin word ‘humanus’.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of the term ‘homo’?
Answer:
‘Homo’ is a Latin word meaning ‘man’ (inclusive of woman). It’s adjective form is ‘humanus’.

Question 3.
When did the Earth originate?
Answer:
Earth was formed at least 4.5 billion years ago.

Question 4.
Which was the book written by Charles Darwin?
Answers:
The book ‘Origin of Species’ was written by Charles Darwin.

Question 5.
When did human-like beings evolve on the earth?
Answer:
About 5.6 Million years ago, the emergence of genus Homo, brought human-like beings on earth.

Question 6.
How many years were required for the genus Homo to evolve from the Super family Hominoidea?
Answer:
It took 30 million years for genus Homo to evolve from the Super family Hominoidea.

Question 7.
When did genus Homo come into existence?
Answer:
5.6 million years ago, genus Homo came into existence.

Question 8.
Which human species was the first to manufacture stone tools?
Answer:
Homo habilis were the first to manufacture and use stone tools.

Question 9.
What was bipedalism?
Answer:
Bipedalism means walking or running on two feet.

Question 10.
Which is the Galaxy where our Earth is a part of?
Answer:
Our Earth is a small object in the Galaxy called the “Milky Way”.

Question 11.
How many years did the earth remain in a molten state?
Answer:
Earth remained in the molten state for Millions of years.

Question 12.
What did the gases released by the Volcanoes create?
Answer:
The gases released by the Volcanoes created the primordial atmosphere.

Question 13.
How many years ago did the Protozoa originate in water?
Answer:
About 500 million years ago.

Question 14.
How are the Hominoida super family species called?
Answer:
Hominoida super family species are called as ‘Hominoids’.

Question 15.
What was the brain size of the Homo erectus species?
Answer:
The Homo erectus species had a brain size of 800-1100cc.

Question 16.
Where did the Hominoids live?
Answer:
The Hominoids lived on trees.

Question 17.
When did the Homo habilis live on earth?
Answer:
The Homo habilis lived on earth about 2 million years ago.

Question 18.
Where were the fossils of Homo habilis discovered?
Answer:
Their fossils were discovered in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leaky and his team.

Question 19.
What is the other name for Homo habilis?
Answer:
The Homo habilis were also called as the ‘Handyman’ because of their well-developed hands.

Question 20.
What is Archaic?
Answer:
Archaic means a very early form prior to full development or very old and no longer in usage.

Question 21.
What did the advent of agriculture promote?
Answer:
The advent of agriculture promoted Neolithic revolution.

Question 22.
Which theory can be seen as the evidence to the evolution of different species?
Answer:
‘Survival of fittest’ can be seen as evidence to the evolution of different species.

Question 23.
Which species are capable of existing on land and water?
Answer:
Amphibians are capable of existing on land as well as in water.

1st PUC History The Story of Human Evolution Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mention any two theories of origin and evolution of Earth.
Answer:

1. The Pulsating theory.
2. The Big Bang theory.

Question 2.
Which were the two important factors responsible for the formation of Earth’s weather and climate?
Answer:
Earth initially when formed, was a white-hot mass of molten rock. It had frequent volcanic eruptions and plenty of collisions with comets and meteors. One such large collision is believed to have caused the Earth’s tilt and the formation of the moon. These are a couple of important factors along with many others, which formulated the weather and climate of the Earth.

Question 3.
Which were the two Chemicals responsible for the origin of life?
Answer:
Hydrogen and Carbon which were present in the atmosphere were responsible for that.

Question 4.
Which were the two theories proposed by Charles Darwin?
Answer:
‘The theory of natural selection’ and ‘Survival of the fittest’ were his theories.

Question 5.
Which two animals are considered to be the nearest relatives of humans?
Answer:
Chimpanzees and Bonobos are the closest relatives of the human beings.

Question 6.
Where do we find evidence for the earliest planned hunting and butchery of large animals?
Answer:
The Earliest evidence of planned hunting and butchery of large animals are found at two sites.

1. Boxgrove in England is dated to about 5,00,000 years ago.
2. Schoningen in Germany is dated to about 4,00,000 years ago.

Question 7.
What does the Steady State Theory state?
Answer:
The Steady-State Theory states that the Galaxies are continuously being formed, filling empty spaces in the Universe.

Question 8.
What does the Pulsating Theory state?
Answer:
The Pulsating Theory states that the Universe expands and then contracts continuously. The repeated expansion and contraction is like a ‘Pulse’.

Question 9.
What does the Big Bang Theory state?
Answer:
The Big Bang Theory states that all the matter in the universe was present at a single place in the form of a hot and dense fireball. A big bang scattered it in all directions creating galaxies.

Question 10.
What are Hominoids?
Answer:
All the species belonging to the Hominoidea Super Family are called Hominoids. They lived on trees. The trees provided them protection from the predators. The Hominoids were food gatherers. They procured food by gathering seeds, nuts, fruits, berries, tubers, etc. they were not meat-eaters.

Question 11.
Mention the two divergent theories about the place of origin of the Humans.
Answer:
The two divergent theories are:

1. The Replacement or African origin theory.
2. The Regional Continuity theory.

Question 12.
What is Adaptation?
Answer:
Change in the behaviour of a person or a group, in response to new or modified surroundings is called Adaptation.

Question 13.
What are Species?
Answer:
It is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offsprings. Humans, Gorillas, and Gibbons are some examples of different species.

Question 14.
What are Hominids?
Answer:
The species belonging to the Hominidae family are called Hominids. e.g. Humans, Chimpanzees, and Bonobos. The change in climate or ice age had reduced the forests area and they were forced to come on to land to procure food and they gradually adapted to live on land.

1st PUC History The Story of Human Evolution Five Mark Questions And Answers

Question 1.
How was the Earth’s Crust formed?
Answer:
The Earth remained in the molten state for many million years and then began to cool. The volcanic activity got reduced considerably. The gradual cooling of the Earth made the outer side to become solid rock, which is called Earth’s Crust. Further cooling made the Earth’s crust to contract resulting in the formation of mountains and valleys. They are like folds and wrinkles appearing on an apple which is left to dry for a few days. The gases released by Volcanoes created the primordial atmosphere.

The crust was still hot and water was in the form of steam. Further cooling condensed the steam to form clouds and then rains began to pour in torrents. This continuous downpour formed lakes, rivers, oceans, and seas. The rains and winds eroded the valleys and mountains. The erosion formed rocks to break and form tiny particles of sand and mud. The continuous erosion formed soil and the ocean floor.

Question 2.
How was food and shelter responsible for Human Evolution?
Answer:
Hominoids lived on trees. The trees provided them protection from the predators. The Hominoids were food gatherers. They procured food by gathering seeds, nuts, fruits, berries, tubers, etc. They were not meat-eaters. Hominids adapted to land-dwelling.

They began to use caves and extended stone boulders as shelters. These shelters on land provided them with considerable safety from the predators and from rain, wind and the sun. The Neanderthal man was the earliest cave dweller.

The shortage of food made them to scavenge for food. They covered long distances to forage or scavenge for naturally dead animals or leftovers of animals killed by predators. The above activities made them gradually develop an upright posture and consequently the bipedal motion.

This was required for survival. Hominines and the archaic human species added planned hunting and fishing to the already existing gathering, foraging and scavenging techniques. Planned hunting and making tools stimulated the growth in the brain size. The growth in brain size in turn helped them to plan and make better tools.

Question 3.
What was the role of domestication of animals and agriculture in Human Evolution?
Answer:
Domestication of animals was followed by the commencement of agriculture. Humans who were food gatherers and hunters till then now became food growers or food producers. They were prepared to overcome the effects of climate changes like the ice age by adapting to the domestication of animals and agriculture.

Dogs are believed to be the first animals to be domesticated as they were continuously hanging around the hunters’ camps to pick up bones and scraps of meat. They developed a bond and dogs were domesticated. This was followed by sheep, goat, cow, cat, camel, and horse.

Dogs helped humans in hunting and guarding their shelters. The rearing of animals made humans, nomads. Commencement of agriculture is considered as a revolutionary change in the history of human evolution. This was an important aspect of the Neolithic age. Humans began to grow various crops like wheat, rice, millets, etc.

The practice of agriculture is not more than 13,000 years old. It made them lead a settled life. This resulted in the formation of human settlements termed villages and later towns. Villages and towns were the foundations of civilizations.

Question 4.
What role did bipedalism and stone tools play in Human evolution?
Answer:
The Hominoids were quadrupeds. They walked on all four limbs, but, their forelimbs were flexible. The Hominids gradually adapted an upright posture. Hominines further adapted to bipedalism. The skeletal structure and the muscles also adjusted over a period of time to the upright posture and the bipedal motion, which freed the forelimbs.

The forelimbs developed precision grip and power grip and evolved into hands. This greatly helped in hunting and defending from predators as hands could be used to make tools and also use them. Walking on two legs also provided a greater long-distance vision and helped them to cover long distances without spending much energy.

The use of tools is not confined to only humans. For e.g. some monkeys and apes use stones as tools to break nuts. But use of tools by humans is far more advanced compared to the monkeys and apes. Wood, bones, and stones were used to make tools. They were mainly used for hunting or defending from predators. The use of stone tools is studied as the Stone Age in history.

The making and use of stones tools were responsible to the evolution of forelimbs into hands and also the growth in brain size. The oldest known stone tools are the ‘Oldowan stone tools’ from Ethiopia which are dated to a period 2.6 million years ago. The skill and advancement in making stone tools have made historians to classify the Stone Age as Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic stone ages.

In the course of time, humans began to produce metals from ores and make copper, bronze and iron tools which are studied in history as the respective metal ages. The Australopithecus species is said to have first used the naturally available stones as tools. But, the making of stone tools from naturally available stones and using them is positively identified to have begun with Homo habilis.

Question 5.
Discuss the place of origin of the modern man.
Answer:
The place of origin of the humans or modern man is a much-debated issue. There are two divergent theories.

1. The Replacement or African origin Theory.
2. The Regional Continuity theory.

The Replacement (or) African origin theory:
According to this theory, modern human species evolved from the archaic species in Africa. Africa with its nurturing tropical climate consisting of strong wet and dry seasons provided an optimum environment for the emergence of the modern human species. Some of them migrated to different regions of the world at different points of time. They replaced the earlier human-like species in these regions.

The discovery of fossils of the early human species in Africa and the genetic and anatomical homogeneity among the modern humans in all parts of the world are evidence for this theory. The Regional continuity theory: According to this theory, the evolution of different human species from the earlier species occurred in all regions of the world. It occurred in Europe and Asia also as it occurred in Africa. The evolution proceeded at different rates in different regions. The dissimilarities among the human populations in different regions of the world, serve as evidence to this theory.

Question 6.
Explain the origin and evolution of Earth.
Answer:
There are many theories regarding the origin of earth. But it has not been conclusively proven. The theories only try to unravel the mystery of the origin of the Earth. Some of them are religious or philosophical and the others are scientific. Among the scientific theories like the Steady Earth theory, the Big Bang theory, the Pulsating theory, etc.

The Big Bang theory is the more popular and widely accepted one. Earth is one of the planets in our solar system. But it is the only planet on which life has evolved. Earth is said to have been formed at least 4.5 billion years ago. The temperature then was so high that it was a white-hot mass of molten rock.

It witnessed frequent volcanic eruptions and large collisions. A large number of comets and meteors collided with the earth in its early years of evolution. One such large collision is believed to have caused the earth’s tilt and the formation of the Moon. These factors along with many others formulated the weather and climate of the earth.

The crust was still hot and water was in the form of steam. Further cooling condensed the steam to form clouds and then rains began to pour in torrents. This continuous downpour formed lakes, rivers, oceans, and seas. The rains and winds eroded the valleys and Mountains. The erosion formed rocks to break and form tiny particles of sand and mud. The continuous erosion formed soil and the ocean floor.

Question 7.
Explain the origin and evolution of human life on earth.
Answer:
About 700 million years ago, the basic chemicals in the earth’s atmosphere, namely Hydrogen and Carbon combined to form life in the water. This slowly evolved into primitive water plants. They began to grow and occupy the shallow and warm seas. The water plants gradually adapted themselves and began to encroach on to the land.

About 500 million years ago, Protozoa originated in water. It is considered to be the first form of animal life. Then single-cell beings became multicellular. The primitive life forms like photosynthetic bacteria released oxygen into the atmosphere as they evolved, which made earth more habitable for higher life forms to originate.

Water creatures appeared. Insects and Amphibians came into existence. The Amphibians were capable of existing on land and water as well. Then the reptiles appeared and some of the species among them adapted to become birds. All this diversified life forms took about 400 million years to evolve.

Mammals evolved about 200 million years ago. Horses, Camels, Dogs, etc. evolved around 50 million years ago. Primates made their appearance 36 million years ago. Hominoids evolved and human-like creatures came upon earth’s surface about 5.6 million years ago.

Question 8.
Explain the family tree of the extant species.
Answer:

1. The super family Hominoidea branched into Hominidae and Hylobatidae families. The species of the respective families are called Hominids and Hylobatids. The Hominids that is, Humans, Chimpanzees and Bonobos, Gorillas and Orangutans, diverged away from the Hylobatids that is Gibbons.

2. The Hominidae family branched into Homininae and Ponginae subfamilies. The species of the respective subfamilies were called Hominines and Pongines. The Hominines that is, humans, Chimpanzees, and Bonobos and Gorillas diverged away from the Pongines that is the Orangutans.

3. The Homininae subfamily branched into Hominini and Gorillini tribes. Humans, Chimpanzees, and bonobos branched away from the Gorillas.

4. The Hominini tribe branched into Genus Homo and Genus Pan. That is, the ancestral human species branched away from the Chimpanzees and the Bonobos. As such, Chimpanzees and Bonobos are the closest relatives of the Humans. The evolution of genus Homo from the super family Hominoidea took about 30 million years. The emergence of genus Homo brought human-like creatures on the earth’s surface about 5.6 million years ago.

1st PUC History The Story of Human Evolution Ten Mark Questions And Answers

Question 1.
Discuss the important factors of human evolution.
Answer:
The changing cycles of climate and weather have greatly affected the human evolution to a very large extent. The last 6 to 8 million years have generally seen cooling trends marked by recurring ice ages. The onset of the ice age around 2.5 million years ago covered most parts of Earth with snow and there were major changes in climate and vegetation.

The species which could adapt better to the climatic changes and procure food survived and the others became extinct. The ice age or glacial age-induced the early humans to wear animal skins to keep themselves warm. Many times, new species originated, which adapted better than the earlier ones.

The early species Australopithecus faced gradual extinction and genus Homo (early man) which was better adapted to drier conditions survived. The last ice age witnessed by earth was about 20,000 years ago. Today, we are living in a time that is relatively warm compared to the last 6 to 8 million years. The weather and climate of the earth has played an important role in the origin, evolution, and existence of various species.

Human species evolved larger and complex brains to overcome the environmental challenges and survive against physically powerful animals. The size of the brain in the Homo habilis was 600 cubic centimeters, which was only slightly larger than that of Chimpanzees. The Homo erectus had a brain size of 800 – 1100 cc, the Neanderthal 1200-1900 cc and the Homo sapiens (wise man) of today about 1400cc.

It is more than twice the size of the brains of Chimpanzees or Gorillas. The growth in the brain size induced many activities like improved vision, upright posture, bipedalism, toolmaking, use of fire, planned and skilled hunting, storing food and language.

These activities helped in the development of the brain. Hominoids lived on trees which provided them protection from the predators. The Hominoids were food gatherers and not meat-eaters. Then, they adapted to land-dwelling. They began to use caves and extended stone boulders as shelters.

The Neanderthal man was the earliest cave dweller. The shortage of food made them to scavenge for food. The above activities made them gradually develop an upright posture and consequently the bipedal motion. This was required for survival.

Hominines and the archaic human species added planned hunting and fishing to the already existing gathering, foraging, and scavenging techniques. The earliest evidence of planned hunting and butchery of large animals is traced to two sites.

1. Box grove in England dated to about 50,0000 years ago.
2. Schoningen in Germany dated to about 4,00,000 years ago.

The Hominoids were quadrupeds. They walked on all four limbs, but, their forelimbs were flexible. The Hominids gradually adapted an upright posture. Hominines further adapted to bipedalism. The skeletal structure and the muscles also adjusted over a period of time to the upright posture and the bipedal motion, which freed the forelimbs.

The forelimbs developed precision grip and power grip and evolved into hands. This greatly helped in hunting and defending from predators as hands could be used to make tools and also use them. Walking on two legs also provided a greater long-distance vision and helped them to cover long distances without spending much energy.

The use of tools is not confined to only humans. For e.g. some monkeys and apes use stones as tools to break nuts. But use of tools by humans is far more advanced compared to the monkeys and apes. Wood, bones, and stones were used to make tools. They were mainly used for hunting or defending from predators. The use of stone tools is studied as the Stone Age in history.

The making and use of stones tools were responsible for the evolution of forelimbs into hands and also the growth in brain size. As planned hunting required co-operation and communication between the hunters, signaling and creating sounds evolved, which slowly developed into languages. The domestication of animals and the commencement of agriculture were other major factors in the human evolution.

Question 2.
Explain briefly the evolution of man.
Answer:
The study of human evolution is complicated. It involves many. disciplines including Anthropology, Primatology, Archaeology, Linguistics, Embryology, and Genetics. Discovery of human fossils, stone tools, and cave paintings serve as evidence for the study of evolution. Most of such fossils discovered are of extinct species.

They provide a link to the extant species. The fossils which provide evidence to the evolution of man are usually secured by chance. The process of recovery of the Fossils is a very painstaking and laborious task. Fossils are dated directly through chemical analysis or the sediments in which the fossils were buried are chemically analyzed for dating.

Many unanswered questions are being understood with the unearthing of new data and the development of science. The theory of Natural Selection proposed by Darwin, in his famous book, ‘The Origin of Species’ has greatly helped in the construction of the story of evolution.

His theory ‘Survival of fittest’ can be seen as evidence to the evolution and extinction of different species. The reconstruction of human history becomes very difficult as the source or evidence are very ancient, most of the times running into thousands of years.

The ancestral species of all the present Humans, Chimpanzees and Bonobos, Gorillas, Orang¬utans and Gibbons belong to the super family, Hominoidea. They are classified as Primates. They branched out of the Mammals about 36 million years ago. All the species belonging to the Hominoidea Super family are called Hominoids.

1. The Super family Hominoidea branched into Hominidae and Hylobatidae families. The species of the respective families are called Hominids and Hylobatids. The Hominids that is, Humans, Chimpanzees and Bonobos, Gorillas and Orang-utans, diverged away from the Hylobatids that is Gibbons.

2. The Hominidae family branched into Homininae and Ponginae subfamilies. The species of the respective subfamilies were called Hominines and Pongines. The Hominines that is, Humans, Chimpanzees and Bonobos and Gorillas diverged away from the Pongines that is the Orang-utans.

3. The Homininae subfamily branched into Hominini and Gorillini tribes. Humans, Chimpanzees, and bonobos branched away from the Gorillas.

4. The Hominini tribe branched into Genus Homo and Genus Pan. That is, the ancestral human species branched away from the Chimpanzees and the Bonobos. As such, Chimpanzees and Bonobos are the closest relatives of the Humans. The evolution of genus Homo from the super family Hominoidea took about 30 million years. The emergence of genus Homo brought human-like creatures on the earth’s surface about 5.6 million years ago.

Question 3.
Mention the different stages of Human Evolution.
Answer:
About 700 million years ago, the basic chemicals in the earth’s atmosphere, namely – Hydrogen and Carbon combined to form life in the water. This slowly evolved into primitive water plants. They began to grow and occupy the shallow and warm seas. The water plants gradually adapted themselves and began to encroach on to the land. About 500 million years ago, Protozoa originated in water.

It is considered to be the first form of animal life. Then single-cell beings became multicellular. The primitive life forms like photosynthetic bacteria released oxygen into the atmosphere as they evolved, which made earth more habitable for higher life forms to originate.

Water creatures appeared. Insects and Amphibians came into existence. The Amphibians were capable of existing on land and water as well. Then the reptiles appeared and some of the species among them adapted to become birds. All this diversified life forms took about 400 million years to evolve.

Mammals evolved about 200 million years ago. Horses, Camels, Dogs, etc. evolved around 50 million years ago. Primates made their appearance 36 million years ago. Hominoids evolved and human-like creatures came upon earth’s surface about 5.6 million years ago.

1. The super family Hominoidea branched into Hominidae and Hylobatidae families. The • species of the respective families are called Hominids and Hylobatids. The Hominids, that is, Humans, Chimpanzees and Bonobos, Gorillas and Orang-utans, diverged away from the Hylobatids that is Gibbons.

2. The Hominidae family branched into Homininae and Ponginae subfamilies. The species of the respective subfamilies were called Hominines and Pongines. The Hominines that is, Humans, Chimpanzees and Bonobos and Gorillas diverged away from the Pongines that is the Orang-utans.

3. The Homininae subfamily branched into Hominini and Gorillini tribes. Humans, Chimpanzees, and bonobos branched away from the Gorillas.

4. The Hominini tribe branched into Genus Homo and Genus Pan. That is, the ancestral human species branched away from the Chimpanzees and the Bonobos. As such, Chimpanzees and Bonobos are the closest relatives of the Humans.

The evolution of genus Homo from the super family Hominoidea took about 30 million years. The emergence of genus Homo brought human-like creatures on the earth’s surface about 5.6 million years ago. Today we are living in a time that is relatively warm compared to the last 6 to 8 million years.

The weather and climate of the earth has played an important role in the origin and evolution and the existence of various species. Human species evolved larger and complex brains to overcome the environmental challenges and survive against physically powerful animals.

The size of the brain in the Homo habilis was 600 cubic centimeters, which was only slightly larger than that of Chimpanzees. The homo Erectus had a brain size of 800 -1100 cc, the Neanderthal 1200 -1900 cc and the Homo sapiens (wise man) of today about 1400cc.

It is more than twice the size of the brains of Chimpanzees or Gorillas. The growth in the brain size induced many activities like improved vision, upright posture, bipedalism, toolmaking, use of fire, planned and skilled hunting, storing food and language.

These activities helped in the development of the brain. Hominoids lived on trees which provided them protection from the predators. The Hominoids were food gatherers and not meat-eaters. Then, they adapted to land-dwelling. They began to use caves and extended stone boulders as shelters. The Neanderthal man was the earliest cave dweller. The shortage of food made them to scavenge for food.

The above activities made them gradually develop an upright posture and consequently the bipedal motion. This was required for survival. Hominines and the archaic human species added planned hunting and fishing to the already existing gathering, foraging, and scavenging techniques. The earliest evidence of planned hunting and butchery of large animals is traced to two sites.

1. Box grove in England dated to about 50,0000 years ago
2. Schoningen in Germany dated to about 4,00,000 years ago.

The Hominoids were quadrupeds. They walked on all four limbs, but, their forelimbs were flexible. The Hominids gradually adapted an upright posture. Hominines further adapted to bipedalism. The skeletal structure and the muscles also adjusted over a period of time to the upright posture and the bipedal motion, which freed the forelimbs.

The forelimbs developed precision grip and power grip and evolved into hands. This greatly helped in hunting and defending from predators as hands could be used to make tools and also use them. Walking on two legs also provided a greater long-distance vision and helped them to cover long distances without spending much energy.

Place of Origin of the Humans.
The place of origin of the humans or modem man is a much-debated issue. There are two divergent theories.

1. The Replacement or African origin Theory
2. The Regional Continuity theory.

Replacement or African origin theory:
According to this theory, the modern human species evolved from the archaic species in Africa. Africa with its nurturing tropical climate consisting of strong wet and dry seasons provided an optimum environment for the emergence of modern human species.

The Regional continuity theory:
According to this theory the evolution of different human species from the earlier species occurred in all regions of the world. It occurred in Europe and Asia also, as it occurred in Africa.

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Karnataka 1st PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 8 Judiciary

1st PUC Political Science Judiciary One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is judiciary.
Answer:
It is the third branch of government, which settles disputes. It is there for the administration of justice.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of an integrated judicial system?
Answer:
There is only one judicial system throughout the country. It is called an integrated judicial system.

Question 3.
Who appoints the Chief Justice of India the Supreme court?
Answer:
President.

Question 4.
Who appoints judges of the High courts?
Answer:
President.

Question 5.
Which is the apex court?
Answer:
Supreme court is the apex court.

Question 6.
What is an appeal?
Answer:
A person can go to a higher court against the decisions of the subordinate courts is called appeal.

Question 7.
Who appoints the judges of the district courts?
Answer:
Governor appoints the judges with the consultation of the high court.

Question 8.
Which is the final court of appeal?
Answer:
Supreme Court is the final court of appeal.

Question 9.
How many High courts are there in India?
Answer:
There are 21 high courts are there in India.

Question 10.
Who is the guardian of the constitution?
Answer:
Judiciary.

Question 11.
What is Lok Adalat?
Answer:
Providing justice quickly and at an affordable price is called Lok Adalat.

Question 12.
Expand PIL.
Answer:
Public Interest Litigation.

Question 13.
What is the meaning of an independent judiciary?
Answer:
It is one that is free from legislative and executive control.

Question 14.
Who is the chief justice of the supreme court of India?
Answer:
Sadashivam is the chief justice of the Supreme court.

Question 15.
Who is the chief justice of the High court of Karnataka?
Answer:
Waghela is the chief justice of the high court.

Question 16.
In which country did PIL originated.
Answer:
PIL has been originated in America.

Question 17.
Where was the family court first established?
Answer:
Family court was first established in America.

Question 18.
When was the family court Act enacted in India?
Answer:
Family courts act was enacted in India on 14th September 1984.

Question 19.
How many family courts are there in India?
Answer:
There are 190 family courts in India.

Question 20.
How many family courts are there in Karnataka?
Answer:
There are 12 family courts in Karnataka.

Question 21.
When did the Supreme court of India come into existence?
Answer:
1950.

Question 22.
Name the highest judicial tribunal in India.
Answer:
Supreme Court.

Question 23.
What is the main function of judiciary?
Answer:
It exists, in short for the administration of justice.

Question 24.
Who appoints Judges of Supreme Court in India?
Answer:
President appoints in consultation with the Chief Justice of Supreme Court.

Question 25.
What is the term of office of the Chief Justice and other judges of Supreme Court?
Answer:
The term of office of the Chief Justice and other judges of Supreme Court is till they complete 65 years of age.

Question 26.
Mention one administrative function of district judge.
Answer:
The district judge in his administrative capacity exercises supervision over all the civil courts in the district.

Question 27.
Mention one way in which Supreme Court has been made independent from the influence of executive.
Answer:
Though the appointment of judges is made by the President, the latter can’t remove them from service before the age of retirement.

Question 28.
Mention one way in which Supreme Court has been made independent from the influence of legislature.
Answer:
The salaries and allowances of judges have been declared to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India and as such these can’t be put to vote in Parliament.

Question 29.
What is judicial review?
Answer:
It is the power of the judiciary to declare any law passed by legislature as unconstitutional if it is not according to Constitution.

Question 30.
What is the retirement age of the Judge of a High Court?
Answer:
62 years.

Question 31.
Who enjoys the law interpreting power in a state?
Answer:
Judiciary.

Question 32.
Who is called the guardian of the constitution?
Answer:
Judiciary.

Question 33.
Who is the defender of the federation?
Answer:
Judiciary.

Question 34.
Who is called the ‘neutral umpire’ in a federation?
Answer:
Judiciary.

Question 35.
Who appoints the judge of the Supreme court?
Answer:
President.

Question 36.
What is the retirement age of a Supreme court judge?
Answer:
65 years.

Question 37.
Name two grounds on which a judge of the Supreme Court can be removed.
Answer:
Proven misbehavior or incapacity.

Question 38.
Who is the head of the judicial establishment of the Supreme Court?
Answer:
Chief justice.

Question 39.
Mention any two writ petitions.
Answer:
Habeas Corpus and Mandamus.

Question 40.
Mention any two Subordinate courts.
Answer:
Civil and criminal courts, Revenue and consumer courts.

Question 41.
What is Rule Adjudication?
Answer:
It means the task of interpreting the constitution.

1st PUC Political Science Judiciary Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is judicial review?
Answer:
The Supreme court has the power of declaring a law made by the legislature or an executive action as ultra vires (intra vires) or null and void or unconstitutional if it is not in tune with the provisions of the constitution or violative of the fundamental law of the land.

Question 2.
Mention the qualification required to become a district judge.
Answer:

1. He must be a citizen of India.
2. He must worked as an advocate for 7 years. (OR)
3. Must be in central or state services.

Question 3.
Write about the salary and benefits given to the Supreme Court judge.
Answer:
Chief Justice of supreme court gets 1 Lakh Rs salary per month and other judges 90,000.

Question 4.
Name the subordinate’s court.
Answer:

1. District courts.
2. Revenue courts
3. Consumer courts
4. Lok Adalat
5. Family courts.

Question 5.
What is a consumer court?
Answer:
The 1986 Act proposed establishment of consumer courts at taluk, district, state and national level with a view to redress consumer grievances. These courts are called “Consumer Disputes Redressal Forums” The relief provided by these courts will not be in the form of punishment instead, suitable relief is given in the form of return of goods, return of money along with penal interest etc.

Question 6.
What is revenue court?
Answer:
The courts which deals with the cases relating to the maintenance of land records its assessment and collection of land revenue are called revenue courts. The revenue courts are organized as below.

1. The boards of revenue
2. The commissioner’s court
3. The collectors court
4. Tahsildar’s court

Question 7.
What is family court?
Answer:
A court which decide the matters and make orders on family issues such as marriage divorce, child, custody and family maintenance is called family court.

Question 8.
What are the qualifications to become the Judge of High Court in India? or mention the qualifications required to become a Judge of High Court?
Answer:
A person to be appointed as a Judge of the High Court must possess the following qualifications.

• He must be a citizen of India.
• Held a judicial office for at least 10 years.
• practiced as an advocate of a High Court for at least 10 years.

Question 9.
What are the qualifications of the Supreme Court Judges ?
Answer:
He/She must be a citizen of India, or must have been a judge of one or more High court for 5 successive years, or must have been an advocate of one or more High courts for ten successive years, or in the opinion of the president a distinguished jurist.

Question 10.
What is contempt of court?
Answer:
An individual or the government if violates the orders of the High court, it may impose fine or imprisonment for showing disrespect to its orders.

Question 11.
How is PIL filed?
Answer:
A PIL can be filed by the aggrieved party or any organization before the supreme court or high court.

Question 12.
What is a Lok Adalat?
Answer:
In order to provide justice at die earliest and also at an affordable price, Lok Adalat is established. These courts simplify the procedures and process to make it easily understood and accessible to general public. The retired judges act as the Chairman of Lok adalats. When two contending parties put forward their argument, based on facts and verification of witness, judgment is delivered. The most striking aspect of Lok adalat is the absence of a lawyer or pleader. There is no role for a lawyer in lok adalat. Lok adalat, which began in 1985 for the first time, resulted in settlement of 150 disputes in a single day. .The Lok Adalat was set up to deal with labour, compensation, family law, personal law7, sendee, land acquisition and other matters.

Question 13.
What is advisory function of the Supreme Court (Judiciary)?
Answer:
The Supreme Court can render legal advice to the Government of India. The President of India can ask for a legal opinion from the Supreme Court on a question of law or public opinion

Question 14.
State the qualifications to become a Judge of Supreme Court of India.
Answer:

1. Should be a citizen of India.
2. Should have worked as a Judge in any High Court for 5 years.
3. Should have Worked as an advocate in the High Court for at least 10 years.
4. Should be an eminent jurist.

Question 15.
Explain the appellate and revisery jurisdiction of High Court.
Answer:
It means that the appeals against the verdicts of the district courts can be brought to the High Court. The revisery jurisdiction explains that High Court can withdraw cases from subordinate courts for its own consideration.

Question 16.
Mention grounds on which a Judge of the Supreme Court can he removed.
Answer:
A judge of Supreme court can be removed from service by die President for proven mis behaviour or incapacity only if Parliament passes a resolution for such removal by 2/3 majority of its members present and voting.

Question 17.
How the independence of judiciary is maintained in India?
Answer:

1. The judges are appointed by the President and cant be removed by him.
2. Salaries and perks can’t be reduced during their term of office.
3. Conduct of the judges can’t be discussed in Parliament except for launching proceedings for impeachment.

Question 18.
Why judiciary is important?
Answer:
Judiciary is important because

1. It interprets and applies the laws.
2. It provides impartial justice.
3. It protects the rights of the people.
4. It safeguards liberty.
5. It is essential for a federation.

Question 19.
Why judiciary is important in modern days?
Answer:
Mere body of laws and their enforcement will not bring justice to people. Application of the laws and adjudication of disputes alone will bring justice to the people. Hence, the judiciary plays an important role in modem days.

Question 20.
What are judge made laws?
Answer:
Judges mould and expand the law consciously and unconsciously while interpreting and applying the existing law. These are known as judge made laws or case laws.

Question 21.
What is advisory power of the Supreme court?
Answer:
Article 143 confers the power of advisory opinion, the President of India may seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme court on the matter which is, in his opinion, important and necessary such as disputes arising out of treaty of agreement. However, the advice of the Supreme court is purley advisory in nature and it is up to the executive to accept it or not.

Question 22.
Mention any two miscellaneous functions of the Supreme Court.
Answer:
The following are the miscellaneous functions of the Supreme court:

1. The Supreme court has the power of regulating the practice and procedure of the court.
2. It appoints its own clerical establishment and exercises supervision over lower courts.
3. The Supreme court decides matters relating to the election of the President and Vice-president.
4. The Supreme court if satisfied, may withdraw a case on its own or on appeal pending before one or more High courts on a matter involving substantial question of law of general importance (Article 139)
5. The Supreme court, if necessary, can transfer any case pending before any High court to any other High court
6. The Supreme Court may also transfer a criminal case from one High court to the other.

Question 23.
How does the Supreme Court act as a guardian of the constitution?
Answer:
The Supreme Court protects the constitution against the violation of its provision either by the government or by the people. It is the responsibility of the Supreme Court to see that the laws of the constitution are respected and adhered to by all in India. By acting as the watch tower of the constitution, it checks against the violation of laws. As guardian of the constitution, the Supreme Court also exercises the power of interpreting the contents of the constitution. Any matter relating to technical interpretation of details or definitions of terms in the constitution is the sole prerogative of the Supreme Court.

Question 24.
How does Supreme Court act as the defender of the federation?
Answer:
The constitution vests the power of settling the disputes and problems between the centre and the states. In order to prevent the conflict of power between the two, the Supreme court interprets the laws, which help in maintaining the unity of the federation.

Question 25.
Write a note on the organization of the Indian Judiciary.
Answer:
The head of the judicial system is the Supreme Court of India. Below the Supreme Court, there are High courts at the state level. There are other courts such as District and Sessions Court, Metropolitan Magistrates court. Court of sessions, Munisiff’s court, etc., and courts below the High court are called ‘Subordinate courts’ and they are under the control of the High court. The Supreme Court is the ‘apex court’ of the land and the highest court of appeal on all matters civil, criminal or constitutional. A law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts throughout the territory of India.

Question 26.
How a judge of the Supreme court in India can be removed from office?
Answer:
Judges of the Supreme court can be removed from office cm charges on proven misbehaviour or incapacity (Article 124) through the process of impeachment. He may be removed on the above grounds as follows:

A motion of removal addressed to the President signed at least by 100 members of the Lok sabha or 50 members of the Rajya sabha is given to the Speaker or Chairman. The committee consisting of 3 members (2 Supreme court judges and one distinguished jurist) finds the judge guilty, the motion as well as the report of the committee is taken up for consideration in the house where the motion originates. The motion is passed in each house by a two third majority Of the total membership of each house addressed to the President. If the President gives his order for removal, the judge stands removed.

Question 27.
What is special leave jurisdiction?
Answer:
Article 136 confers a special power in the hands of the Supreme court to grant special leave. In hearing appeals the Supreme Court may grant Special Leave petition against any judgment or order made by any court or tribunal, except military tribunal, in a case. The decision is entirely left to the discretion of the Supreme Court. This power, however, is to be used only under exceptional circumstances like matters involving general public interest or in cases of grave injustice or cases in which no appeal is otherwise provided by law.

Question 28.
What is a court of record?
Answer:
The proceedings and judgments of the Supreme Court are kept preserved to be made use of in future cases and judgments, whenever necessary by the lower courts. Those decisions are authoritative records on law whose validity cannot be questioned in any court. The courts of records also have the power to correct its own clerical errors.

Question 29.
How are the judges of the Supreme court appointed?
Answer:
The President of India appoints the judges of the Supreme court on the advice of the council of minister in consultation with the Chief Justice of India. Article 124 which deals with the appointment of judges, makes it obligatory on the part of the President of India to consult the Chief Justice of India.

In appointing the Chief Justice of India, the President shall, besides the advice of the council of ministers, consult the judges of the Supreme Court and the High courts if he considers it necessary. But, neither the constitution nor the law provides for Chief Justice’s recommendation as to his successor. It is a practice sanctioned by convention.
Normally, the Chief Justice of India is appointed from among the senior most judges of the Supreme Court.

Question 30.
What is the composition of the High court?
Answer:
The High Court consists of a Chief Justice and other judges appointed from time to time by the President. The President may appoint additional judges for a temporary period of two years if the work is heavy in the High court. He may also appoint a acting judge when a permanent judge is temporarily absent.

Question 31.
How is a judge of the High court appointed?
Answer:
The President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the concerned state, and the Chief Justice of the High Court appoints the judge of the High court.

Question 32.
How is the judge of the High court removed from office?
Answer:
A judge of the High court is removed from his office in the similar way as that of the judge of the Supreme Court. By an address of both houses of parliament by a two third majority of the total membership of the house and by a vote of not less than two third majority of the members present on grounds of proven misbehavior or incapacity (Article 217).

Question 33.
There is no legal practice after retirement for a judge. Why?
Answer:
A judge of the high court is not entitled to practice on retirement in any court except the Supreme Court and any high court other than the one where he held office (Article 220).

Question 34.
What is a revenue court?
Answer:
Revenue courts are established in each district to settle disputes relating to the payment of revenue. Tahsildar acts as a judge at the taluk level.

Question 35.
Write a note on the consumer’s court.
Answer:
The courts which are established to protect the interest of consumers in the market are called consumers court. The consumer courts are formed as below.

1. Central consumer protection council.
2. State consumer protection council.
3. Consumer dispute redressed forum.

1st PUC Political Science Judiciary Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write about the removal procedure of the supreme court judges.
Answer:
Judges of the Supreme court can be removed from office on charges on proven misbehaviour or incapacity (Article 124) through the process of impeachment. He may be removed on the above grounds as follows:

A motion of removal addressed to the President signed at least by 100 members of the Lok sabha or 50 members of the Rajya sabha is given to the Speaker or Chairman. The committee consisting of 3 members (2 Supreme court judges and one distinguished jurist) finds the judge guilty, the motion as well as the report of the committee is taken up for consideration in the house where the motion originates. The motion is passed in each house by a two-third majority of the total membership of each house addressed to the President. If the President gives him, order for removal, the judge stands removed.

Question 2.
Explain the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Answer:
Original Jurisdiction: Article 131 of the constitution deals with the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is so exclusive that no court in India can take up cases falling under the original jurisdiction.

The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is purely federal in character. Matters relating to the problems and disputes arising between the union and the states or. between- the states are taken up by the Supreme Court. The disputes entertained under the original jurisdiction are:

• A dispute involving the Government of India Vs the state of Union of India.
• A dispute involving the Government of India plus one or more states Vs one or more states.
• A dispute involving one or more states on one side Vs one or more states on the other.

Question 3.
Explain the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court?
Answer:
Appellate Jurisdiction. The Supreme Court is the highest court in India. Under Appellate jurisdiction, the Supreme court only takes-up such cases that come on appeal. It has no power to take up such cases, which is not asked to take up.
The appellate jurisdiction can be studied under the following three heads:

1. Constitutional Cases:
The cases that come before the Supreme court are as follows:

• The cases involving a question of law relating to the interpretation of the constitution or certification by the High court.
• The Supreme Court can take up a case if the High court in its opinion feels that the case involves substantial question of law, which should be decided by the Supreme court.

2. Civil Cases :
Originally Article 133 provided for an appeal against the high court order if it certified that the amount involved was less than Rs. 20,000 and the case is fit for appeal. But, the Law Commission found the logic unreasonable and as a result, the 30^th Amendment of 1972 did away with the ceiling of Rs. 20,000. The Supreme Court can take up the civil appeal if the High court certifies that the case involves a substantial question law of general importance. The certification by the High court is essential in these cases.

3. Criminal Cases:
Article 134 provide for an appeal to the Supreme court against the judgment of the High Court under the following conditions:

• If the High Court has reversed a decision of release of an accused and has given him a death sentence.
• In a case where the High court has exercised the authority of a lower court and given a death sentence to the accused.
• In any criminal case if the High court certifies that the case is fit for appeal in the Supreme Court.

Question 4.
Mention the measures necessary to ensure the independence of the judiciary.
Answer:

1. Selection of judges regardless of their political affiliation.
2. Appointment of judges by the Chief Executive.
3. Long and Security of tenure.
4. Salaries and allowances are paid from Consolidated Fund.
5. Bar on practice after retirement.
6. Separation of judiciary from the executive and legislature.
7. Impartiality in the administration of justice.
8. Avoiding ambiguity in the judgement.
9. Appointment of highly qualified judges and making judicial process less expensive.

Question 5.
Write a brief note on ‘Lok Adalats’ in India.
Answer:
To help the poor and middle-class people, Lok Adalats have started. There are a lot of problems like delay, cost, and complicity of the legal system. Lok Adalats deliver informal, cheap and prompt justice to the common man. If Adalat issues a decree, it is enforced by a regular court. Adalat works as friend, is guide to the litigants.

Question 6.
What is revenue court?
Answer:
The courts which deals with the cases relating to the maintenance of land records its assessment ( and collection of land revenue are called revenue courts. The revenue courts are organized as below.

1. The boards of revenue
2. The commissioner’s court
3. The collectors court
4. Tahsildar’s court

Question 7.
What is PIL? Explain the significance.
Answer:
Public interest litigation means litigation filed in a court of law for the protection of public interest against the matters relating to environmental pollution, unauthorized occupancy of the public property, terrorism, road safety, etc.

PIL can be filed by any person who is denied his rights and possession, Some times it can be field by any organization against the bodies authorities which comes under the government services. By filing PIL people can protect their rights. It can also bring transparency in public life and initiate fair judicial action to check the violation of legal rights.

Question 8.
What is a family court? Explain its function.
Answer:
A court which deals with the family matters of marriage, divorce, child custody, and family maintenance is called family courts. The family court act was enacted in India on 14th September 1984, the family courts are established by the state government in consultation with the High Court. It can settle the family disputes through conciliation and mediation so as to avoid the delay and to save the money bearded by both the parties.

The state government is empowers to set up a family court where the population is exceeding more than 10 lakhs. At present 190 family courts are functioning in India and 12 are in the Karnataka.

Question 9.
Write a note on the consumer’s court.
Answer:
The courts which are established to protect the interest of consumers in the market are called consumers court. The consumer courts are formed as below.

1. Central consumer protection council.
2. State consumer protection council.
3. Consumer dispute redressed forum.

Question 10.
Name any ten issues on which PIL can be filed.
Answer:

1. Lock up deaths
2. Atrocities on women and backword class.
3. Maintenance of law and order
4. Payment of minimum usages
5. Indecent T.V programmes
6. Unauthorized occupancy of public property
7. Protection of slum dwellers
8. Environmental pollution.
9. Starvation deaths
10. Illegal detention of arrested persons.

Question 11.
Briefly discuss the role of judiciary.
Answer:
The basic role of judiciary has to function so as to bring confidence in the people, regarding its independence and business. The Supreme Court and High Court using their power of judicial review are expected to interpret the constitution and ensure that laws and regulations which goes against Constitution are struck down. The Supreme Court has special role of advising the President. The Judiciary is vested with sufficient powers of jurisdiction to perform its role satisfactorily.

Question 12.
Examine the method of appointment of judges.
Answer:
Many methods are followed to appoint the judges in different countries like election by the people, election by the legislature, appointment by executive etc. Election by the people is the worst method as it makes the judges politicians as party plays an important role in elections. Appointment by executive is the most accepted method in appointment of judges.

Question 13.
Describe the organisation of judiciary at Central Level.
Answer:
The constitution establishes an integrated judiciary with the Supreme Court as the highest and final judicial tribunal of the country. In every state there is high court under which there are the court of the district and sessions judges. At the lowest level there are munisifif and other judicial magistrates. The Supreme Court enjoys original and appellate jurisdiction. It exercises appellate power both in civil and criminal cases. It safeguards the Constitution, the division of powers and the fundamental rights.

Question 14.
Describe the organisation of judiciary at the State level.
Answer:
The High Court is the highest court of the State. All other courts and tribunals working in State are subject to the authority of High Court. It occupies the same position in State as Supreme court at central level. The High Court enjoys original and appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases. It operates as a court of record and exercises some administrative powers.
In every state in addition to the High Court, there are number of judicial courts to administer justice.

The State Legislature determines the constitutional organisation and jurisdiction of all these courts which are below the High Court. There are civil, criminal, revenue courts in the state. The State Government appoints the judges and other staff of all the subordinate courts. The District Judges are appointed by the Governor after consulting the Chief Justice of High Court and also the State Public Service Commission.

Question 15.
Write a brief note on writ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and High Courts in India.
Answer:
A writ is an order issued by the Courts to enforce obedience to laws. The Supreme Court and High Court passes the power to issue various writs.

1. Habeas Corpus: To protect against an illegal detection, the court issues this writ which requires that the prisoner must be produced before the court within a specific period of time.

2.Mandamus: This is an order by the court to compel the government and other officials to perform their duty.

3.Prohibition: This is issued by the Court to lower court or any judicial or quasi-judicial authority. It directs the authority to stop prosecution or proceedings which may be beyond or in excess of the allowed jurisdiction.

4. Quo-warranto: The writ is an order asking a person to justify the exercise of an office, franchise or privilege.

5. Certiorari: This writ enables the removal of cases from lower courts and placing them before a high court.

Question 16.
Write a note on the independence of the Judiciary.
Answer:
1. In order to ensure independence of judicial system in India, the following steps have been taken so that the judicial officers are not under pressure in discharging their duties.

2. The Constitution has made it obligatory on the part of the President to consult the Chief Justice of India in appointing a judge of Supreme Court. This not only makes the appointment non-political but also saves judiciary from the influence of the executive (the; council of ministers).

3. A judge of the Supreme Court cannot be removed from office by the President his will, but on a motion passed by a two-thirds majority of the total membership of either house addressed to him. Thus, the legislative control over the executive ensures judicial independence.

4. A judge of the Supreme Court, though appointed by the President on the advice of the council of ministers, does not hold office during the pleasure of the President, but based on good behaviour. He can be removed only on charges of proven misbehavior or incapacity by a motion addressed to the President by the Parliament.

5. The salaries and allowances of the judges of the Supreme Court are determined by a law of parliament and is not subject to discussion. The salary and allowances of the judges cannot be reduced or varied to his disadvantage during his term of office. This means that he will not be in any way affected by any law made by the parliament since the day of his appointment.

6. The administrative expenses of the Supreme court, the salaries, and allowances of the judges and staff is charged on the Consolidated Fund of India (CFI), a corpus fund of Rs. 50 crore which may be enhanced from time to time, and it can not be voted in parliament.

7. Discussion of the conduct of the judges of the Supreme Court is not allowed in parliament except during the removal of a judge. This gives immunity from criticism.

8. A judge of the Supreme Court is not permitted to practice in any court in India after retirement. This prevents him from falling prey to temptations. To boost accountability in the judicial system, the Central Information Commission (CIC) has brought the office of the Chief Justice under the purview of the Right to Information Act (RTI).

1st PUC Political Science Judiciary Ten Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain the meaning and significance of the judiciary.
Answer:
It is the third branch of government, which settles disputes. It is there for administration of justice.
1. Regulation of Civic Behavior:
It is the responsibility of the judiciary that if anyone, however big and mighty, does not follow the rules and regulations prescribed by the constitution, he is liable for punishment depending upon the magnitude of crime.

2. Protection of rights and liberties:
The Judicial system is not meant to punish only the individuals and groups but also the government. If the government violates the rights of the people, people can go to a court of law and seek suitable relief. This upholds the principle that all are equal in the eye of law and all are treated alike.

3. Instill confidence of the people:
The people look up to the judiciary as a ‘neutral umpire’ deciding a case purely on merit but not on any other consideration. A common man looks up to judiciary as the ultimate lamp of justice. If the judiciary fails to stand up to the expectations of the people by being partisan to any influence or power, people stop believing not only the judiciary but also in the constitution – the fundamental law of the land. So, it is the responsibility of judiciary to make people trust the judiciary and importantly respect the constitution.

Question 2.
Describe the composition and powers of Supreme Court of India.
Answer:
The President of India appoints the judges of the Supreme court on the advice of the council of ministers in consultation with the Chief Justice of India. Article 124 which deals with the appointment of judges, makes it obligatory on the part of the President of India to consult the Chief Justice of India.

In appointing the Chief Justice of India, the President shall, besides the advice of the council of ministers, consult the judges of the Supreme Court and the High courts if he considers it necessary. But, neither the constitution nor the law provides for Chief Justice’s recommendation as to his successor. It is a practice sanctioned by convention.

Normally, the Chief Justice of India is appointed from among the senior-most judges of the Supreme Court. The following are the powers of the Supreme Court:

1. Original Jurisdiction:
Article 131 of the constitution deals with the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is so exclusive that no court in India can take up cases falling under the original jurisdiction.

The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is purely federal in character. Matters relating to the problems and disputes arising between the union and the states or between the states are taken up by the Supreme Court. The disputes entertained under the original jurisdiction are:

1. A dispute involving the Government of India Vs the state of Union of India.
2. A dispute involving the Government of India plus one or more states Vs one or more states.
3. A dispute involving one or more states on one side Vs one or more states on the other.

2. Appellate Jurisdiction:
The Supreme Court is the highest court in India. Under Appellate jurisdiction, the Supreme court only takes up such cases that come on appeal. It has no power to take up such cases, which is not asked to take up.
The appellate jurisdiction can be studied under the following three heads:

(a) Constitutional Cases:
The cases that come before the Supreme court are as follows:

• The cases involving a question of law relating to the interpretation of the constitution or certification by the High court.
• The Supreme Court can take up a case if the High court in its opinion feels that the case involves a substantial question of law, which should be decided by the Supreme court.

(b) Civil Cases:
Originally Article 133 provided for an appeal against the high court order if it certified that the amount involved was less than Rs. 20,000 and the case is fit for appeal. But, the Law Commission found the logic unreasonable and as a result, the 30^th Amendment of 1972 did away with the ceiling of Rs. 20,000. The Supreme Court can take up the civil appeal, if the High court certifies that the case involves a substantial question law of general importance. The certification by the High court is essential in these cases.

(C) Criminal Cases:
Article 134 provide for an appeal to the Supreme court against the judgment of the High Court under the following conditions:

• If the High Court has reversed a decision of release of an accused and has given him a death sentence.
• In a case where the High court has exercised the authority of a lower court and given a death sentence to the accused.
• In any criminal case if the High court certifies that the case is fit for appeal in the Supreme Court.

3. Special Leave Jurisdiction:
Article 136 confers a special power in the hands of the Supreme Court to grant special leave. In hearing appeals the Supreme Court may grant Special Leave petition against any judgment or order made by any court or tribunal, except military tribunal, in a case. The decision is entirely left to the discretion of the Supreme Court. This power, however, is to be used only under exceptional circumstances like matters involving general public interest or in cases of grave injustice or cases in which no appeal is otherwise provided by law.

4. Advisory Jurisdiction:
Article 143 confers the power of advisory opinion. In order to break authoritative opinion, the President of India may seek the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court on the matter which is, in his opinion, important and necessary such as disputes arising out of treaty of agreement. However, the advice of the Supreme Court is purely advisory in nature and it is up to the executive to accept it or not. The Supreme Court may decline to give advisory opinion if it finds unnecessary.

5. Power of Judicial Review:
The supremacy of the Supreme Court as the guardian of the constitution is emphasized by the power of judicial review. The Supreme court has the power of declaring a law made by the legislature or an executive action as ultra vires (intra vires) or null and void or unconstitutional if it is not in tune with the provisions of the constitution or violative of the fundamental law of the land. This acts as an effective, check on both the legislature and the executive as any decision made or action taken whimsically without regard to the constitution is declared invalid.

6. The Court of Records:
The proceedings and judgments of the Supreme Court are kept preserved to be made use of in future cases and judgments, whenever necessary by the lower courts. Those decisions are authoritative records on law whose validity cannot be questioned in any court. The courts of records also have the power to correct its own clerical errors.

7. The Contempt of court:
The Supreme Court enjoys the authority of imposing fines or imprisonment for violating the orders of the court (Article 129).

8. Self-correcting Court:
The Supreme Court has the power of correcting its own judgments. This is to ensure any loss or damage, physical, emotional or material that may be caused to any person seeking justice. To put it in legal terms, this is to ensure against ‘miscarriage of justice’.

9. Guardian of the Constitution:
The Supreme Court enjoys the privilege of protecting the constitution against violation of its provision either by the government or by the people, It is the responsibility of the Supreme Court to see that the laws of the constitution are respected and adhered to by all in India.

By acting as the watchtower of the constitution, it checks against the violation of laws. As guardian of the constitution, the Supreme Court also exercises the power of interpreting the contents of the constitution. Any matter relating to technical interpretation of details or definitions of terms in the constitution is the sole prerogative of the Supreme Court.

10. Enforcement of Fundamental Rights:
The Supreme Court is empowered by the constitution to act as the protector and guarantor of the fundamental rights. Under Article 32, the Supreme Court enjoys the power of issuing constitutional writs, also called as writ jurisdiction, for the enforcement of fundamental rights. The writs may be against the government or individuals.
The writs are briefly explained as follows:

(a) Habeas Corpus:
This literally means ‘to have a body’. It calls upon the authority, which arrests a person to produce in court, the person to set him free if he has done nothing wrong. It protects an individual against wrongful confinement.

(b) Mandamus:
This literally means a command. It is a command issued by the court asking a person to perform his legal duty, which is of public nature.

(c) Prohibition:
It is a writ issued by the Supreme court to an inferior court restraining it from exercising powers which are not invested in them.

(d) Certiorari:
It is a writ by which a case is removed from a lower court, which does not enjoy jurisdiction to deal with it.

(e) Quo warrato:
This writ is issued to prevent a person from illegally occupying a public office to which he is not entitled.

11. Defender of the Federation:
The constitution vests the power of settling the disputes and problems between the centre and the states. In order to prevent the conflict of power between the two, the Supreme Court interprets the laws, which help in maintaining the unity of the federation.

12. Miscellaneous functions:
The following are the miscellaneous functions of the Supreme court.

• The Supreme Court has the power of regulating the practice and procedure of the court.
• It appoints its own clerical establishment and exercises supervision over lower courts.
• The Supreme Court decides matters relating to the election of the President and Vice-president.
• The Supreme Court if satisfied, may withdraw a case on its own or on appeal pending before one or more High courts on a matter involving substantial question of law of general importance (Article 139).
• The Supreme Court, if necessary, can transfer any case pending before any Highcourt to any other High court.
• The Supreme Court may also transfer a criminal case from one high court to the other.

Question 3.
How is independence of the judiciary ensured? Explain the measures.
Answer:
In order to ensure independence of judicial system in India, the following steps have been taken so that the judicial officers are not under pressure in discharging their duties.

• The Constitution has made it obligatory on the part of the President to consult the Chief Justice of India in appointing a judge of Supreme Court. This not only makes the appointment non-political but also saves judiciary from the influence of the executive (the council of ministers).
• A judge of the Supreme Court cannot be removed from office by the President at his will, but on a motion passed by a two third majority of the total membership of the either house addressed to him. Thus, the legislative control over the executive ensures judicial independence.
• A judge of the Supreme Court, though appointed by the President on the advice of the council of ministers, does not hold office during the pleasure of the President, but based on good behaviour. He can be removed only on charges of proven misbehavior or incapacity by a motion addressed to the President by the Parliament.
• The salaries and allowances of the judges of the Supreme Court are determined by a law of parliament and is not subject to discussion. The salary and allowances of the judges cannot be reduced or varied to his disadvantage during his term of office. This means that he will not be in any way affected by any law made by the parliament since the day of his appointment.
• The administrative expenses of the Supreme court, the salaries and allowances of the judges and staff are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India (CFI), a corpus fund of Rs. 50 crore which may be enhanced from time to time, and it can not be voted in parliament.
• Discussion of the conduct of the judges of the Supreme Court is not allowed in parliament except during removal of a judge This gives immunity from criticism.
• A judge of the Supreme Court is not permitted to practice in any court in India after retirement. This prevents him from falling prey to temptations. To boost accountability in the judicial system, the Central Information Commission (CIC) has brought the office of the Chief Justice under the purview of the Right to Information Act (RTI).

Question 4.
Describe the composition and powers of the High court.
Answer:
The High Court consists of a Chief Justice and other judges appointed from time to time by the President. The President may appoint additional judges for a temporary period of two years if the work is heavy in the High court. He may also appoint a acting judge when a permanent judge is temporarily absent.
The following are the powers of the High court:

1. Protection of Fundamental Rights:
The constitution has granted 6 fundamental rights to its citizens and it is also the responsibility of High courts to protect and defend them against legislative, executive or any other kind of encroachment. The High court may issue the writs. Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo-Warranto, to protect the people against violation of fundamental rights (Article 226). The writ jurisdiction of the high court also extends to the violation of legal rights as well.

2. Original Jurisdiction:
The High courts of the Presidencies of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay had original jurisdiction both on civil and criminal matters within the limits of the presidencies. However, the original criminal jurisdiction has now been completely taken over by the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) of 1973. But, the original civil jurisdiction has been retained in matters of higher value.

3. Appellate Jurisdiction:
The appellate jurisdiction of the High courts can be studied under two heads:

a. Civil cases:
The civil cases may go to the High court on either first appeal or second appeal. The appeal from the decisions of District judges and subordinate judges may go directly to the high court in cases of higher value on questions of fact as well as law. And also, when a court below the High court decides a case from the decision of an inferior court, the case can come to the high court on second appeal only on question of law and procedure.

b. Criminal cases:
The High Court can take up criminal cases on appeal in two cases.

• A person can appeal against the decision of a Sessions Judge or an Additional Sessions Judge in a case where the punishment is imprisonment exceeding seven years.
• Against the decisions of an Assistant Sessions Judge or other Judicial Magistrates in certain special cases other than petty cases.

4. Power of Superintendence:
The High court has the power to supervise all courts and tribunals under its territorial limits and to see that the courts discharge duty according to laws of the constitution. The high court may also issue general rules regarding the administration of laws. Supervisory power also gives the authority to intervene in case of any grave injustice or abuse of jurisdiction.

5. Transfer of Cases:
The High Court if satisfied that a case pending in a subordinate court involves a substantial question of law related to the interpretation of the constitution, might transfer the case to itself and decide the case as well.

6. Court of Records:
Like the Supreme Court, the high court is also the court of record whose judgments and decisions cannot be questioned by any court of law below the rank of the high court. It has the power to correct and punish itself.

7. Contempt of Court:
An individual or the government if violates the orders of the High court, it may impose fine or imprisonment for showing disrespect to its orders.

8. Control over Subordinate Courts:
The High court exercises control over the subordinate judiciary in the state.

• The District Judges are appointed posted and promoted by the Governor in consultation with the concerned High court.
• The members of the judicial service of the state are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the High court and the members of the Public Service Commission.
• It is the authority of the High court to decide on posting, promotion, and grant of these judicial officers holding any post below that of a District judge.

9. Control over the Establishment:
The Chief Justice of a High Court is given the power of appointing officers and servants of the court for efficient discharge of judicial duties (Article 229). He may suspend or dismiss any official who does not follow the rules of the court.

Question 5.
Explain the organisation and working of subordinate courts.
Answer:
The High Court is the highest court of the State. All other courts and tribunals working in State are subject to the authority of High Court. It occupies the same position in State as Supreme court at central level. The High Court enjoys original and appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases. It operates as a court of record and exercises some administrative powers. In every state in addition to the High Court, there are number of judicial courts to administer justice.

• The State Legislature determines the constitutional organisation and jurisdiction of all these courts which are below the High Court.
• There are civil, criminal, revenue courts in the state. The State Government appoints the judges and other staff of all the subordinate courts.
• The District Judges are appointed by the Governor after consulting the Chief Justice of High Court and also the State Public Service Commission.

Question 6.
What are the important functions of the judiciary?
Answer:
The Constitution of India provides that there shall be a Council of Ministers, the Prime Minister as its head, to aid and advice the President in the exercise of his functions.

1. Administration.
2. Law making.
3. Interpreting the Constitution.
4. Judicial Review.
5. Protecting and Guarding the rights of the people.
6. Administrative functions.
7. Advisory functions.
8. Other functions.

(a) Administration of justice is the most important function of judiciary. Judiciary is there to hear and decide the disputes, both civil and criminal cases. The main function of the judiciary is to interpret the existing law as it is.

(b) The judiciary can modify, expand or make laws. According to Laski, “the courts find the law, but in finding courts also makes it.” The judges can exercise discretionary power and give their own interpretation to such laws

(c) Interpolating the constitution is another function of the judiciary’. In a federal state the constitution is supreme.

(d) The judiciary in federal-state enjoys the power to review the laws passed by legislature.

(e) Judiciary is the guardian of the fundamental rights of the people. It protects the individual rights.

(f) The judiciary also performs some administrative functions. The court appoints their local officials and subordinate staff.

(g) In some countries, the judiciary performs advisory functions also. For e.g : the President of India can seek the advise of Supreme Court on any question of constitutional law.

(h) The judiciary in every’ country acts as a court of record also. It keeps record of all its. decisions and advises.

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Karnataka 1st PUC Hindi Workbook Answers व्याकरण वचन

अन्य वचन रूप लिखिएः

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नः

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Karnataka 1st PUC Hindi Workbook Answers व्याकरण लिंग

निम्नलिखित शब्दों के स्त्रीलिंग रूप लिखिएः

१) देवता – देवी
२) दास – दासी
३) पुत्र – पुत्री
४) राक्षस – राक्षसी
५) बेटा – बेटी
६) मामा – मामी
७) चाचा – चाची
८) दादा – दादी
९) नाना – नानी
१०) पिता – माता
११) श्रीमान – श्रीमती
१२) वर – वधू
१३) नर – नारी
१४) लेखक – लेखिका
१५) पाठक – पाठिका
१६) सुनार – सुनारिन
१७) मोर – मोरनी
१८) लुहार। – लुहारिन
१९) धोबी – धोबिन
२०) नौकर – नौकरानी
२१) स्वामी – स्वामिन(नी)
२२) तेजस्वी – तेजस्विनी
२३) सुत – सुता
२४) अध्यापक – अध्यापिका
२५) रूपवान – रूपवती

निम्नलिखित स्त्रीलिंग शब्दों के पुल्लिंग रूप लिखिए:

१) स्त्री – पुरुष
२) भैंस – भैंसा
३) गाय – बैल
४) विदुषी – विद्वान
५) विधवा – विधुर
६) गुणवती – गुणवान
७) पुतली – पुतला
८) गायिका – गायक
९) रानी – राजा
१०) बालिका – बालक
११) बेगम – बादशाह
१२) सम्राज्ञी – सम्राट
१३) बुद्धिमती – बुद्धिमान
१४) दर्शिका – दर्शक
१५) निर्बला – निर्बल
१६) शिष्या – शिष्य
१७) चौधरानी – चौधरी
१८) संरक्षिका – संरक्षक
१९) भगवती – भगवत
२०) देवरानी – देवर
२१) जेठानी – जेठ
२२) डिबिया – डिब्बा
२३) चुहिया – चूहा
२४) याचिका – याचक
२५) पत्नी – पति

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नः

You can Download Chapter 1 Introduction to History Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st PUC History Question Bank with Answers Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC History Question Bank Chapter 1 Introduction to History

1st PUC History Introduction to History One Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the meaning of the word ‘History’?
Answer:
History means ‘Enquiry’ or Investigation.

Question 2.
From which language is the term ‘History’ derived.
Answer:
The term ‘History’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘Historia’, which means ‘Enquiry’ or Investigation.

Question 3.
Who is called as ‘The father of History’?
Answer:
Herodotus the Greek Historian is regarded as the father of History.

Question 4.
To which country did Herodotus belong?
Answer:
Herodotus belonged to Greece.

Question 5.
Mention the work of Herodotus.
Answer:
The work of Herodotus was ‘The History of Persian Wars’.

Question 6.
Who wrote the book ‘The City of God’?
Answer:
St. Augustine wrote the book ‘The City of God’.

Question 7.
Who gave the economic interpretation of History?
Answer:
Karl Marx gave the economic interpretation of History.

Question 8.
Write the definition of History by Karl Marx.
Answer:
According to Karl Marx “History is a story of the struggle between the haves and have nots”.

Question 9.
What is J.B. Bury’s definition about History?
Answer:
According to J.B. Bury, “History is a science; no less and no more”.

Question 10.
Mention the book of Arnold Toynbee.
Answer:
The book of Arnold Toynbee is ‘A Study of History’.

Question 11.
Who defined History as “The rise and fall of civilisations”?
Answer:
Arnold Toynbee the British historian defined History as “The story of the rise and fall of civilizations”.

Question 12.
What is the definition of Jawaharlal Nehru, about history?
Answer:
According to Nehru “History is a story of man from Barbarism to civilization”.

Question 13.
Who was Toynbee?
Answer:
Arnold Toynbee was a British historian and a Professor of history at the London University.

Question 14.
What was the message of Thomas Carlyle on History?
Answer:
“Great personalities are no more, but history and autobiography of such personalities are still there” was his message.

1st PUC History Introduction to History Two Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Mention any two definitions of history.
Answer:
According to St. Augustine, “History is the story of the struggle between God and Satan, which would ultimately end in the victory of God (good) over Satan (evil). According to Karl Marx, “History is a story of the struggle between the haves and have nots”.

Question 2.
Name the works of Karl Marx.
Answer:
The works of Karl Marx are ‘Das Capital’ and ‘Communist Manifesto’.

Question 3.
Which are the two important works of Jawaharlal Nehru?
Answer:
The two important works of Jawaharlal Nehru are ‘Discovery of India’ and ‘The Glimpses of World History’.

Question 4.
Mention any two professional uses of History.
Answer:
Politicians need historical knowledge in implementing administrative reforms. There are plenty of job opportunities at Museums, Archives and Tourism development related fields.

Question 5.
Name the book of Toynbee and write his definition on history.
Answer:
Arnold Toynbee has written the famous book ‘A Study of History’. He defined history as “The story of the rise and fall of civilizations”.

1st PUC History Introduction to History Five Mark Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the definitions of History.
Answer:
According to Herodotus, “History is a record of great heroes and unique events to be remembered by the future generations”. St. Augustine says that “History is the story of the struggle between God and Satan, which would ultimately end in the victory of God (good) over Satan (evil)”. According to the German Philosopher and Economist Karl Marx, “History is a story of the struggle between the haves and have nots”.

According to J.B. Bury, “History is a science; no less and no more”. Thomas Carlyle says “Great personalities are no more, but, history and autobiography of such personalities are still there”. According to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, “Those who forget history cannot create history”. In general, history is understood as a record of past events.

Question 2.
2. Explain the importance of study of History.
Answer:
1. History is the memory of the past events:
The study of history gives us information about the biographies of great men and a record of major events of the world. According to Will Durant, “A country’s past is like an individual’s memory. If memory goes, sanity goes with it”. Hayes and Moon wrote, “As memory is to man, History is to mankind”.

2. History helps to broaden our outlook:
The study of history helps us to get knowledge about the people of different countries, traditions, customs, cultures and civilizations. Thus it broadens the outlook of mankind. The details recorded in history relating to Art, Architecture, Literature and Religion expands one’s horizon of knowledge.

3. History promotes international peace:
The world has already witnessed the misgivings of the two World Wars. If another war takes place in the future, it would destroy the whole world. History has pointed out that unawareness of the culture of other countries and narrow nationalism has lead to such wars. Today, there is a great deal of competition among different countries in possessing nuclear weapons and war equipment. For the development of cordial relations between nations, the study of world history is the need of the hour.

4. History has Professional uses:
It is a competitive world. History is the main core subject for the competitive examinations like IAS, IPS, IFS, KAS, etc. Historical knowledge is a matter of necessity for Students, Teachers, Lawyers, Journalists, Administrators and Statesmen. Thousands of historians are working in the Department of Archaeological Survey of India under Central and State Governments. New job opportunities have opened up for the students of history at Museums, Archives, Tourism development and related fields. Thus, history has professional uses.

Question 3.
Write a note on Herodotus.
Answer:
Herodotus was a Greek historian who lived in the 5^th century BCE. He has contributed richly to History and Anthropology. He is believed to have initiated the writing of history and hence he has been regarded as ‘The Father of History’. He travelled widely in Greece and West Asia. He collected information of the Greek City-States and wrote nine volumes.

One of them, The History of Persian Wars’ deals with the wars between Persians and the Greeks. His work was the earliest writing on history. According to him, “History is a record of great heroes and unique events to be remembered by the future generations”.

In this definition, Herodotus has focused his thoughts on the achievements of great men and important events from which the succeeding generations can learn.

Question 4.
Write a note on Karl Marx.
Answer:
Karl Marx was a German Philosopher, Economist, Sociologist, Historian, Journalist, and Revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the establishment of the social sciences and the development of the socialist movement. He is also considered as one of the greatest economists in history. He enunciated a new economic interpretation of the definition of history.

According to him, “History is a story of the struggle between the haves and have nots”. In this definition, Marx emphasizes on the struggle between the haves and have nots i.e., the rich and the poor. He argues that there is a constant conflict between the exploiters and exploited. He wrote two great works namely, ‘Das Capital’ and ‘Communist Manifesto’.

You can Download 1st PUC Hindi Workbook Answers व्याकरण कारक – रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति, 1st PUC Hindi Textbook Answers, Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC Hindi Workbook Answers व्याकरण कारक – रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति

रिक्त स्थान भरिएः

१) कोष्टक में दिए गए कारक चिन्हों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए:
(ने, को, से, का, की, के, में, पर, के लिए, के द्वारा)

१) छात्र कलम ………. लिखता है। [से]
२) पेड़ ……. पत्ता गिरा। [से]
३) श्याम ………. पुस्तक पढ़ी। [ने]
४) अध्यापक विद्यार्थियों ……… पढ़ाते हैं। [को]
५) उसकी बहन ……. नाम मालती है। [का]
६) श्यामा चाकू ……… फल काट रही है। [से]
७) लड़का छत …….. गिर पड़ा। [से]
८) गीता ……… पुस्तक मेरे पास है। [की]
९) अलमारी …….. कपड़े रखे हैं। [में]
१०) मेज …….. पंखा रखा है। [पर]
११) युवक ………. कपड़े फट गए। [के]
१२) वह घर ……… नहीं है। [में]
१३) उसने भिखारी ………. भीख दी। [को]
१४) बिल्ली……….. चूहे को मारा। [ने]
१५) किसान खेत ………. काम करते हैं। [में]
१६) वह अपने माता-पिता ………. इज्जत करता है। [की]
१७) छत ………. ऊपर मत कूदो। [के]
१८) नेता ………. सभा को संबोधित किया। [ने]
१९) पिताजी ने बच्चों ……… मिठाई दी। [को]
२०) केनेडा …….. प्रधानमन्त्री ने ऐसा कहा। [के]
२१) यह पाँच रुपए ………. नोट है। [का]
२२) दरवाजे ……… कौन खड़ा है? [पर]
२३) साहित्य समाज ………. दर्पण है। [का]
२४) वहाँ लोगों ………. भीड़ है। [की]
२५) राजा दशरथ ……… चार पुत्र थे। [के]
२६) यह रोहन ……… घर है। [का]
२७) डाकिये ……… पत्र पहुँचाया गया। [से]
२८) उसे पद ……… हटा दिया गया। [से]
२९) उसने देश ……… अपनी कुर्बानी दे दी। [के लिए]
३०) पुत्र ने अपने पिता ………. नाम रोशन किया। [का]

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नः

२) कोष्टक में दिये गये उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए।
(का, ने, के साथ, में, से)
1) जागना सारी चिंता ………… मूल बन गया। [का]
2) जागना अर्थात् विवेक …………. सोचना था। [से]
3) मनुष्य …………. अपने लिए महती विनष्टि ढूँढ लिये हैं। [ने]
4) वह तेजी ………… महानाश की ओर दौड़ पड़ा है। [के साथ]
5) मैदान …….. कौन खेल रहे हैं? [में]

३) कोष्टक में दिये गये उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए।
(क्योंकि, लिखे, गुनगुने, अपने, भारी)
1) उसने अनेक ग्रंथ ………..। [लिखे]
2) मैं प्रसन्न हूँ ………… तुम मेहनती हो। [क्योंकि]
3) वे ………… पानी से स्नान करते हैं। [गुनगुने]
4) वहाँ …….. मारकाट हुई। [भारी]
5) हम ………. देश को प्यार करते हैं। [अपने]

४) कोष्टक में दिये गये उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए।
(का, में, गया, ने, पर)
1) पाकिस्तान से आए हुए खिलाड़ी अशोक होटल ………… ठहरे हैं। [में]
2) मेरे बचपन …………. साथी रमेश डॉक्टर है। [का]
3) चोर मौका पाते ही भाग …………। [गया]
4) मैं अपने मित्रों के साथ घर ………. बैठा हूँ। [पर]
5) रोहन ………… रोटी खायी। [ने]

५) कोष्टक में दिये गये उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए।
(छड़ी, सवेरे, सागर, बाबत, प्रसन्न)
1) कवि ने गागर में …………. भरा है। [सागर]
2) वह हाथ की घुघर वाली ……….. बनना चाहता है। [छड़ी]
3) मोती न मिलने की ……….. दुखी नहीं हूँगा। [बाबत]
4) थोड़ी-सी खुशी पाकर स्वयं अधिक ………… अनुभव करना। [प्रसन्न]
5) वह ………… आया। [सवेरे]

६) कोष्टक में दिये गये उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए।
(गुणवती, गाना, सज्जन, गायिका, बलिष्ठ)
1) मेरे पिता ………… है। [सज्जन]
2) ……… स्त्री की पूजा सर्वत्र होती है। [गुणवती]
3) मेरी बहन अच्छी ………… है। [गायिका]
4) अनुपम एक …………. लड़का है। [बलिष्ठ]
5) गोपाल ने ………… गाया। [गाना]

७) कोष्टक में दिये गये उचित शब्दों से रिक्त स्थान भरिए।
(मेरी, के, तेज, असली, पड़ेगा)
1) मनुष्य …………. भाग्य भगवान से रचित है। [के]
2) …………. मुसीबतें खत्म हुई। [मेरी]
3) यही तो ………… आर्यता है। [असली]
4) उसे यह काम करना ही [पड़ेगा]
5) हवा ……… बहने लगी। [तेज]

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सूचनानुसार काल बदलिए:

१) वह अपना काम करता है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
वह अपना काम करता था।

२) उसने फल खाया। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
वह फल खाता है।

३) सुधा हँसती है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
सुधा हँसेगी।

४) सूरदास ने अनेक पद लिखे। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
सूरदास अनेक पद लिखते हैं।

५) बालक खा रहा था। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
बालक खाएगा।

६) कल मेहमान आयेंगे। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
कल मेहमान आये थे।

७) माताजी मन्दिर जाएँगी। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)।
माताजी मन्दिर जाती हैं।

८) शिकारी शिकार करेगा। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
शिकारी शिकार करता था।

९) गोपाल दूध का व्यापार करता था। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
गोपाल दूध का व्यापार करता है।

१०) पिताजी मैसूर जा रहे हैं। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
पिताजी मैसूर जा रहे थे।

११) उसने दरवाज़ा खोला। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
वह दरवाजा खोलेगा।

१२) उसे सम्मानित किया जाएगा। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
उसे सम्मानित किया गया।

१३) माला गाना गाती है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
माला गाना गाएगी।

१४) नेताजी भाषण देंगे। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
नेताजी भाषण देते हैं।

१५) कई अनाथालय भी खुलेंगे। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
कई अनाथालय भी खुले थे।

१६) श्याम काम करेगा। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
श्याम काम करता था।

१७) उसने करवट बदली। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
वह करवट बदलता है।

१८) माताजी पत्र लिखेंगी। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
माताजी पत्र लिखती थीं।

१९) उसने अध्यापक से बात की। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
वह अध्यापक से बात करता है।

२०) वह अपने विचार व्यक्त करता है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
वह अपने विचार व्यक्त करेगा।

२१) सैनिकों ने देश का नाम रोशन किया। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
सैनिक देश का नाम रोशन करते हैं।

२२) लड़के मैदान में खेल रहे थे। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
लड़के मैदान में खेलेंगे।

२३) हमारे शिक्षक प्रश्न करते हैं। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
हमारे शिक्षक प्रश्न करते थे।

२४) सीता राम के साथ वन गई थीं। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
सीता राम के साथ वन जाती हैं।

२५) बूढ़ों को देख युवक हँसते हैं। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
‘बूढ़ों को देख युवक हँसेंगे।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नः

1) उसे डाक्टरी सहायता की ज़रूरत है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
उसे डाक्टरी सहायता की जरूरत होगी।

2) मैंने कुछ कहा। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
मैंने कुछ कहा है।

3) मुसाफिर हाथ हटा लेता है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
मुसाफिर ने हाथ हटा लिया था।

4) तीन बजे की फ्लाइट से मेरा भतीजा दुबई जाएगा। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
तीन बजे की फ्लाइट से मेरा भतीजा दुबई जा रहा है।

5) भाँजी की शादी में मामा का होना ज़रूरी होगा। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
भाँजी की शादी में मामा का होना जरूरी है।

6) अगली सुबह ड्राइवर मुंबई से पुणे के लिए चल देता है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
अगली सुबह ड्राइवर मुंबई से पुणे के लिए चल देगा।

7) मैं आँगन में चिड़ियों के लिए दाने डाल दूंगा। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
मैं आँगन में चिड़ियों के लिए दाने डाल रहा हूँ।

8) वे एक मित्र के घर रुकेंगे। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
वे एक मित्र के घर रुके थे।

9) लोहिया जी स्पष्ट शब्दों में कहते हैं। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
लोहिया जी ने स्पष्ट शब्दों में कहा था।

10) इसके मस्तक पर भी फूलों का अभिषेक होता है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
इसके मस्तक पर भी फूलों का अभिषेक होगा।

11) नागफनी के परिवार की यह दशा हुई। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
नागफनी के परिवार की यह दशा हो रही है।

12) मैं अन्न ग्रहण नहीं कर रहा हूँ। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
मैं अन्न ग्रहण नहीं करूँगा।

13) नया गीत गाया जाएगा। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
नया गीत गाया गया था।

14) शिक्षा, सहकारिता और कृषि की आस्थाएँ यहाँ धरती पर लकीरें बनाती हैं। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
शिक्षा, सहकारिता और कृषि की आस्थाएँ यहाँ धरती पर लकीरें बना रही हैं।

15) पंद्रह वर्षीय शिरीष मेहता एवं उसके अन्य चार साथियों को अंग्रेज गोली से भून देते हैं। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
पंद्रह वर्षीय शिरीष मेहता एवं उसके अन्य चार साथियों को अंग्रेजों ने गोली से भून दिया था।

16) इसकी सुंदरता विविधता में ही बसेगी। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
इसकी सुंदरता विविधता में ही बसती है।

17) आज कल कौन किसकी मानेगा? (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
आज कल कौन किसकी मानता है?

18) लड़कों के तेवर बदलते जाते हैं। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
लड़कों के तेवर बदल गये थे।

19) तुम मेरे साथ अच्छा नहीं करती हो। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
तुम मेरे साथ अच्छा नहीं कर रही हो।

20) मेरी सखी पूरे गाँव में अपना लोहा मनवाती है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
मेरी सखी पूरे गाँव में अपना लोहा मनवाती थी।

21) मुन्नी को चिट्ठी लिखवाती हूँ। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
मुन्नी को चिट्ठी लिखवा रही हूँ।

22) आप को रोज़ यहाँ देखकर हैरानी हो रही है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
आप को रोज़ यहाँ देखकर हैरानी होगी।

23) उसे हँसते देखकर मेरी हिम्मत बढ़ जाती है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
उसे हँसते देखकर मेरी हिम्मत बढ़ गयी थी।

24) विपिन की साँस तेज़-तेज़ चलने लगती है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
विपिन की साँस तेज-तेज चलने लगी थी।

25) फिर भी मैं तुम्हें बुजदिल ही कहता हूँ। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
फिर भी मैं तुम्हें बुजदिल ही कहूँगा।

26) वह बच्ची पंजाबी की प्रसिद्ध कवयित्री अमृता प्रीतम बन जाएगी। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
वह बच्ची पंजाबी की प्रसिद्ध कवयित्री अमृता प्रीतम बन रही है।

27) लकड़हारा राजकुमारी को देखता है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
लकड़हारा राजकुमारी को देखता था।

28) वह सोने की पालकी में बैठती है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
वह सोने की पालकी में बैठती थी।

29) मैं उसे चुप कराऊँगी। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
मैं उसे चुप करा रही थी।

30) ईश्वर बच्चों का कहना मान जाएगा। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
ईश्वर बच्चों का कहना मान जाता है।

31) तुम्हारा नाम लोगों के पुत्रों से ज्यादा चमकता है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
तुम्हारा नाम लोगों के पुत्रों से ज्यादा चमकेगा।

32) अपरिचित चेहरों के बीच में कोई एक चेहरा ढूँढती हूँ। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
अपरिचित चेहरों के बीच में कोई एक चेहरा ढूँढूंगी।

33) रात के वक्त भापाजी के गिरने की आवाज़ आती है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
रात के वक्त भापाजी के गिरने की आवाज़ आती थी।

34) हम तो चलेंगे। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
हम चल रहे हैं।

35) लोग भूख से भी मरे थे। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
लोग भूख से भी मर रहे हैं।

36) लंगर रात दिन चलेगा। (अपूर्ण भूतकाल में बदलिए)
लंगर रात दिन चल रहा था।

37) वे छत पर देखने चले जा रहे थे। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
वे छत पर देखने जा रहे थे।

38) रावी से उसका कल्याण हो गया। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
रावी से उसका कल्याण हो जायेगा।

39) साहब तो मिनिस्टर साहब को लिखते हैं। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
साहब तो मिनिस्टर साहब को लिखते थे।

40) उद्घाटन कार्य वे परसों ही करना चाहेंगे। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
उद्घाटन कार्य वे परसों ही करना चाहते हैं।

41) सबको भी बराबर हिस्सा मिलता है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
सबको बराबर हिस्सा मिलेगा।

42) सब लोग अपनी-अपनी राय देंगे। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
सब लोग अपनी-अपनी राय देते है।

43) हमको भी मेंबर बना लिया जाएगा। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
हमको भी मेंबर बना लिया है।

44) अपने छोटे भाई से इनके कारनामे सुनता था। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
अपने छोटे भाई से इनके कारनामे सुनता है।

45) गर्मियों में बाहर गली में सोना पड़ेगा। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
गर्मियों में बाहर गली में सोना पड़ा।

46) मैं क्षण भर के लिए रुक जाऊँगा। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
मैं क्षण भर के लिए रुक गया था।

47) मैंने तुम्हें विश्वास दिलाया। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
मैंने तुम्हें विश्वास दिलाया था।

48) तरकारी भी लौकी की ही बन गई। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
तरकारी भी लौकी की ही बनने वाली हैं।

49) प्रोफेसर साहब यहाँ प्रिंसिपल गिरधारीलाल से मिलने आ रहे थे। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
प्रोफेसर साहब यहाँ प्रिंसिपल गिरधारीलाल से मिलने आ रहे हैं।

50) वह तो मैं केवल बात बनाने के लिए कह रहा हूँ। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
वह तो मैं केवल बात बनाने के लिए कह रहा था।

51) पास देखने से ज्यादा चक्कर आएँगे। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
पास देखने से ज्यादा चक्कर आते हैं।

52) मैं आकाश की ओर देखता हूँ। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
मैं आकाश की ओर देखता था।

53) मुझे प्यार से अपनी गोद में लिए होते हैं। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
मुझे प्यार से अपनी गोद में लिए हुए हैं। णाम लिए हुए हा

54) हरेक कदम पहले से भारी हो गया था। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
हरेक कदम पहले से भारी हो गया हैं।

55) जीवन और पथ दोनों मेरे सामने आ जाते हैं। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
जीवन और पथ दोनों मेरे सामने आ जाते थे।

56) बस में एक यात्री को चक्कर आ जाता है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
बस में एक यात्री को चक्कर आ गया था।

57) मैंने चढ़ाई का पाप ही तो काटा। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
मैंने चढ़ाई का पाप ही तो काटा है।

58) उसकी प्रेयसी उसे मिली। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
उसकी प्रेयसी उसे मिल गयी है।

59) वह भीगता हुआ गया। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
वह भीगता हुआ जा रहा है।

60) वे आपके घर से भाग गए। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
वे आपके घर से भागने वाले हैं।

61) वह एक छाता खरीद लेगा। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
वह एक छाता खरीद रहा है।

62) उधर से एक मोटर चली आती है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
उधर से एक मोटर चली आ रही थी।

63) इतने दिन ये कहाँ छिपते हैं? (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
इतने दिन ये कहाँ छिपे हुए थे?

64) मुनीम जी पाँच सौ मन चावल बेच डालेंगे। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
मुनीम जी ने पाँच सौ मन चावल बेच दिए थे।

65) मैं किस लायक था? (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
मैं किस लायक हूँ?

66) लाला जी माथा ठोक लेते हैं। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
लाला जी ने माथा ठोक लिया।

67) सारे संसार ने तुमको बुरा कहा था। (वर्तमानकाल में बदलिए)
सारा संसार तुम्हें बुरा कह रहा है।

68) अब उसका ब्याह करना पड़ता है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
अब उसका ब्याह करना पड़ेगा।

69) खुद हलवा खाता है, हमें रूखी रोटियाँ ही खिलाता है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
खुद हलवा खाता था और हमें रूखी रोटियाँ खिलाता था।

You can Download 1st PUC Hindi Workbook Answers व्याकरण मुहावरे, 1st PUC Hindi Textbook Answers, Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.

Karnataka 1st PUC Hindi Workbook Answers व्याकरण मुहावरे

निम्नलिखित मुहावरों को अर्थ के साथ जोड़िए:

अ) १) गर्दन उठाना – क) बहुत परिश्रम करना
२) खून-पसीना एक करना – ख) क्रोध से भर जाना
३) कमर कसना – ग) विरोध करना
४) आग बबूला होना – घ) तैयार होना
उत्तरः
१ – ग;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ख।

आ) १) आसमान सिर पर उठाना – क) असहनीय दुःख होना
२) कलेजा फटना – ख) बहुत प्यारा
३) गले का हार – ग) बात बिगड़ जाना
४) गुड़ गोबर करना – घ) बहुत शोर करना
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – क;
३ – ख;
४ – ग।

इ) १) खाक में मिलाना – क) पिछली बातों को व्यर्थ में याद करना
२) गड़े मुर्दे उखाड़ना – ख) धोखा देना
३) टाँग अड़ाना – ग) नष्ट-भ्रष्ट कर देना
४) चकमा देना – घ) व्यर्थ में दखल देना
उत्तरः
१ – ग;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ख।

ई) १) जी चुराना – क) निर्दोष पर दोष लगाना
२) चाँद पर थूकना – ख) इज्जत बढ़ानेवाला
३) घर का उजाला – ग) हारकर भागना
४) पीठ दिखाना – घ) मेहनत से बचना
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – क;
३ – ख;
४ – ग।

उ) १) पलकें बिछाना – क) जोर की भूख लगना
२) पेट में चूहे कूदना – ख) डर कर भाग जाना
३) दाल न गलना – ग) प्रतीक्षा करना
४) दुम दबाकर भागना – घ) सफल न होना
उत्तरः
१ – ग;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ख

ऊ) १) नाम कमाना – क) भेद खुलना
२) मुँह फेरना – ख) सम्मान प्राप्त करना
३) नौ-दो-ग्यारह होना – ग) उपेक्षा करना
४) पोल खुलना – घ) भाग जाना
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – ग;
३ – घ;
४ – क।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नः

अ) १) अंक भरना – क) थकान की पीड़ा होना।
२) अंधे की लाठी – ख) एकमात्र सहारा।
३) अंग अंग टूटना – ग) प्रसन्नता से रोम-रोम खिलना।
४) अंग अंग मुसकाना – घ) गोद में भर लेना।
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – ख;
३ – क;
४ – ग।

आ) १) अंग मोड़ना – क) मौके पर धोखा देना।
२) अँगूठा दिखाना – ख) लज्जा से देह सिकोड़ना।
३) अँगूठा चूमना – ग) परवाह न करना।
४) अँगूठे पर मारना – घ) खुशामद करना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

इ) १) आँखे अटकना – क) बोध होना।
२) आँख आना – ख) ध्यान न देना।
३) आँख उठाकर न देखना – ग) आँख में रोग होना।
४) आँख खुलना – घ) प्रेम होना।
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – ग;
३ – ख;
४ – क।

ई) १) आँख गड़ना – क) रोना।
२) आँखे चुराना – ख) क्रोध करना।
३) आँखे डबडबाना – ग) लालच होना।
४) आँख दिखाना खाना – घ) लज्जित होना।
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – ग;
३ – क;
४ – ख।

उ) १) आँख मारना – क) पसन्द आना।
२) आँख सेंकना – ख) बाट जोहना।
३) आँखें बिछाना – ग) दर्शन-सुख लूटना।
४) आँख में चढ़ना – घ) इशारा करना।
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – ग;
३ – ख;
४ – क।

ऊ) १) आँखों का काँटा होना – क) मूर्ख बनाना।
२) उल्लू बनाना – ख) अत्यंत प्रिय।
३) आसमान के तारे तोड़ना – ग) शत्रु होना।
४) आँखों का तारा – घ) असंभव कार्य करना।
उत्तरः
१ – ग;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ख।

ए) १) आँख की पुतली होना – क) दुर्बलता के कारण मूर्छा आना।
२) आँखों के आगे अँधेरा छाना – ख) प्यारा होना।
३) आँखें नीली-पीली करना। – ग) लज्जा न होना।
४) आँख में पानी न होना – घ) नाराज होना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

ऐ) १) आँखों पर चर्बी छाना – क) धोखा देना।
२) आँखों पर पर्दा पड़ना – ख) अच्छा न लगना।
३) आँख में गड़ना – ग) अज्ञान के अन्धकार से रहना।
४) आँख में धूल झोंकना – घ) घमण्ड से उपेक्षा करना।
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – ग;
३ – ख;
४ – क।

ओ) १) आँख से ओझल होना – क) नेत्र ज्योति समाप्त होना।
२) आँखों में रात काटना – ख) कृपादृष्टि न रखना।
३) आँख बदल जाना – ग) चिन्ता या व्यग्रता में रात बिताना।
४) आँखें बैठना – घ) नज़र से दूर होना।
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – ग;
३ – ख;
४ – क।

औ) १) आँखें चार होना – क) सम भाव से देखना।
२) एक आँख से देखना – ख) देखादेखी होना।
३) उँगली उठाना – ग) अपने काबू में कर लेना।
४) उँगली पर नचाना – घ) बदनाम करना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

क) १) उँगली रखना – क) थोड़ा पाकर अधिक पाने की इच्छा करना।
२) उँगली पकड़कर पहुंचा पकड़ना – ख) दोष दिखाना।
३) पाँचों उँगलियाँ घी में होना – ग) दृढ़ निश्चय करना।
४) कमर कसना – घ) मौज-मस्ती में रहना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – ध;
४ – ग।

ख) १) कमर सीधी करना – क) निरूत्साह होना।
२) कमर टूटना – ख) विश्राम करना।
३) कलेजा काढ़ना – ग) ईर्ष्या होना।
४) कलेजा फटना – घ) प्रिय वस्तु का निकल जाना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

ग) १) कलेजा ठंडा होना – क) हृदय पर गहरा आधात पहुँचना।
२) कलेजा टूक-टूक होना – ख) डाह पूरा होने पर संतोष होना।
३) कलेजा थामकर रह जाना – ग) हृदय की बात कहना।
४) कलेजा निकालकर रख देना – घ) मन मसोसकर रह जाना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – ग;
३ – घ;
४ – क।

घ) १) कलेजा मुँह को आना – क) पूर्ण विश्वास दिलाना।
२) कलेजे पर साँप लोटना – ख) दिल मजबूत करना।
३) कलेजे पर पत्थर रखना – ग) किसी की उन्नति देखकर जलन होना।
४) कलेजा चीरकर दिखाना – घ) बहुत अफसोस होना।
उत्तरः
१. घ;
२ – ग;
३ – ख;
४ – क।

च) १) कान का पर्दा फटना – क) ध्यान देना।
२) कान देना – ख) चुगली करना।
३) कान खड़े होना – ग) बहुत हल्ला होना।
४) कान भरना – घ) सावधान होना।
उत्तरः
१ – ग;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ख।

१) कान में तेल डालकर बैठना – क) बहुत हल्ला होना।
२) कान का पर्दा फटना – ख) लापरवाह होना।
३) खून खौलना – ग) भय से पीला पड़ जाना।
४) खून सूखना – घ) गुस्से से भर जाना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

ज) १) खून की नदी बहाना – क) भयभीत होना।
२) खून ठंडा होना – ख) बहुत मार-काट करना।
३) खून उतरना – ग) इच्छा के विरूद्ध कुछ थोप देना।
४) गले मंढ़ना – घ) क्रोध से मुँह और आँख लाल होना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

झ) १) गले लगाना – क) रूठना।
२) गले का हार – ख) डींग हाँकना।
३) गाल फुलाना – ग) प्रेम करना।
४) गाल बजाना – घ) अत्यन्त प्रिय या शोभा बढ़ानेवाला।
उत्तरः
१ – ग;
२ – घ;
३ – क;
४ – ख।

ट) १) घुटने टेकना – क) इच्छा पूरी होना।
२) छाती जुड़ाना – ख) हार मानना।
३) जी जलना – ग) अभिमान करना।
४) छाती फुलाना – घ) डाह होना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

ठ) १) जबान खोलना – क) वाणी पर नियंत्रण न होना।
२) जबान पर लगाम न होना – ख) बोलना, माँगना।
३) जबान बन्द होना – ग) फिजूल दखल देना।
४) टाँग अड़ाना – घ) निरुत्तर होना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

ड) १) टाँग पसारकर सोना – क) खुशामद करना।
२) तलवा चाटना – ख) निश्चिन्त होकर सोना।
३) तलवों में आग लगना – ग) कठिन दण्ड देना।
४) दाँत उखाड़ना – घ) बहुत क्रोध होना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

ढ) १) दाँत-काटी रोटी होना – क) प्रतिष्ठा जाना।
२) दाँत से दाँत बजना – ख) प्रतिष्ठा नष्ट करना।
३) नाक कटना – ग) बहुत मित्रता होना।
४) नाक काटना – घ) बहुत जाड़ा पड़ना।
उत्तरः
१ – ग;
२ – घ;
३ – क;
४ – ख।

त) १) पलक झपकते – क) कम के बदले अधिक देना।
२) पसीने-पसीने होना – ख) कड़ी मेहनत की कमाई।
३) पसीने की कमाई – ग) बिलकुल लज्जित होना।
४) पसीने की जगह खून बहाना – घ) क्षण मात्र में।
उत्तरः
१ – घ;
२ – ग;
३ – ख;
४ – क।

थ) १) पाँव (टाँग) अड़ाना – क) पराजित होना।
२) पाँव उखड़ जाना – ख) बाधा देना।
३) पीठ ठोकना – ग) सहायक होना।
४) पीठ पर होना – घ) प्रोत्साहन देना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।

द) १) पेट का पानी न पचना – क) अल्पायु में ही बुद्धिमान् होना।
२) पेट में दाढ़ी होना – ख) बात न पचना।
३) बाँह गहना या पकड़ना – ग) सहारा देना।
४) बाँह देना – घ) अपनाना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – ग;
४ – छ।

ध) १) मन डोलना – क) उम्मीद न करना।
२) मन चलना – ख) लज्जावश सामने न आना।
३) मुँह धोना – ग) लालच होना।
४) मुँह न दिखाना – घ) इच्छा होना।
उत्तरः
१ – ग;
२ – घ;
३ – क;
४ – ख।

न) १) मुँह न देखना – क) घृणा प्रकट करना।
२) मुँह बनाना – ख) घृणा करना।
३) सिर पर खेलना – ग) धुन सवार होना।
४) सिर पर भूत सवार होना – घ) किसी के मत्थे कुछ करना।
उत्तरः १ – ख; २ – क; ३ – घ; ४ – ग।

प) १) हाथ खींचना – क) आरम्भ करना।
२) हाथ लगाना – ख) सहायता बंद करना।
३),हाथ खाली होना – ग) झगड़ा होना।
४) हाथापाई होना – घ) पैसा न होना।
उत्तरः
१ – ख;
२ – क;
३ – घ;
४ – ग।