{"id":9477,"date":"2019-12-02T16:07:37","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T10:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/?p=9477"},"modified":"2021-07-02T15:44:19","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T10:14:19","slug":"2nd-puc-biology-question-bank-chapter-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/2nd-puc-biology-question-bank-chapter-12\/","title":{"rendered":"2nd PUC Biology Question Bank Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"

You can Download Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications Questions and Answers, 1st PUC Biology Question Bank with Answers<\/a>, Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.<\/p>\n

Karnataka 2nd PUC Biology Question Bank Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications<\/h2>\n

2nd PUC Biology Biotechnology and its Applications Ncert Text Book Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nCrystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because
\n(a) bacteria are resistant to the toxin
\n(b) toxin is immature;
\n(c) toxin is inactive;
\n(d) bacteria encloses toxin in a special sac.
\nAnswer:
\n(c) Toxin is inactive. This is because it exists as protoxin, inactive form in bacteria.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example. (CBSE – 2006)
\nAnswer:
\nTransgenic bacteria are microbes carrying clones of foreign genes. It is also known as genetically modified bacteria.
\nThese bacteria are being employed for many functions .
\n(a) Two DNA sequence (coding for A and B chains of human insulin) were introduced into the plasmid of bacteria E. Coli. This transgenic bacteria produced insulin chain- Used as biochemical factories<\/p>\n

(b) Microbes have been genetically changed to help in cleaning the polluted environment, eg:- Pseudomonas putida for cleaning oil spills pseudomonas species for removing heavy metal pollutants. Aceto bacter aerogans for decomposition of DDT and Flavobacterium for decomposition of 2,4-D.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nCompare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of production of genetically modified crops.
\nAnswer:
\nAdvantages:-<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Crop plants can be made to grow fast and produce high yield through genetic modification.<\/li>\n
  • G.M crops increased the efficiency of mineral usage by plants.<\/li>\n
  • G.M crops helped to reduce post harvest losses.<\/li>\n
  • It enhances the nutritional value of food, eg: Vitamin A enriched rice.<\/li>\n
  • Transgenic plants can produce pharmaceuticals like insulin, interferons blood clotting factors, hormones etc.<\/li>\n
  • Resistance to viral diseases has been introduced in Tobacco, potato, tomato and rice. Cry gene from bacillus has been introduced in Bt. cotton and Bt. Corn. Nematode infection has been overcome in some plants through RNA interference.<\/li>\n
  • Plants have been modified genetically to produced biodiesel and other commercial products.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Disadvantages :-<\/p>\n

      \n
    • G.M. crops may, cause problem in human health by supplying allergens and transferring antibiotic resistance markers.
      \n(b)These crops may came damage to the natural environment.<\/li>\n
    • Weedicide genes are being introduced in to crop plants some of these crop may become super weeds<\/li>\n
    • Trans genes can be transferred from one plant to another plant, microbes and even animals. It shall disturb the genetic set of organisms and cause ecological imbalance.<\/li>\n
    • Cry gene being introduced in crop plants can pass into wild vegetation. Insects feeding on pollen and other parts will be killed resulting in destruction of pollination and disseminators.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"KSEEB<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nWhat are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produce it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?
      \nAnswer:
      \nCry proteins are a group of toxic protein which are highly poisonous to deficient types of insects. It is produced by a soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. The genes controlling their formation are called crygenes eg:- Cry I Ab, Cry I Ac, Cry II Ab, The bacterium produces protein in the crystal form of protoxin. Two cry genes have been incorporated in cotton (Bt cotton) while one has been introduced in corn (Bt corn) As a result Bt Cotton was disease resistance to boll worm and Bt corn was resistance to corn borer.<\/p>\n

      Question 5.
      \nWhat is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency,
      \nAnswer:
      \nIt is the therapeutic treatment of defective heredity by the introduction healthy and functional gene which also silence the defective genes of an individual.
      \nOR
      \nThe replacement of a nonfunctional or defective gene with a normal functional gene is called gene therapy. A person with defect in the gene for the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) suffers with SC1D (Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency) The enzyme ADA is crucial for the immune system. Ideally gene therapy should be applied to the zygotes so that the progeny of defective individual also gets rid of effect. It is however, generally applied to somatic cells where the defect occurs.<\/p>\n

      At first step towards gene therapy, lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture outside the body. A functional ADA cDNA (using a retrovirus vector) is then introduced into these lymphocytes which are subsequently returned to the patient. Since these cells are not immortal, the patient requires periodic infusion of such genetically engineered lymphocytes.<\/p>\n

      Question 6.
      \nDigrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli ?
      \nAnswer:
      \n\"2nd<\/p>\n

      Question 7.
      \nCan you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and chemistry of oil?
      \nAnswer:
      \nOil is synthesized by the condensation of 3 fatty acid with a molecule of glycerol. Fatty acids are formed through an enzyme complex called fatty acid synthetase. The oil from the seeds can be removed by preventing the synthesis of either glycerol or the enzyme lipase which catalyses the synthesis of oil. It can be achieved by knocking out the genes coding for the enzyme lipase or the enzyme fatty acid synthetase.<\/p>\n

      Question 8.
      \nFind out from internet what is golden rice.
      \nAnswer:
      \nGolden rice is genetically engineered rice with high vitamin A content.<\/p>\n

      Question 9.
      \nDoes our blood have proteases and nucleases?
      \nAnswer:
      \nNo, our blood does not contain enzymes proteases and nucleases. If these two enzymes were there in the blood, it causes the degeneration of blood cells and lining cells of blood cells.<\/p>\n

      Question 10.
      \nConsult internet and find out how to make orally active protein pharmaceutical. What is the major problem to be encountered?
      \nAnswer:
      \nOrally active protein can be made through DNA technology for instance, hirudin a blood clotting protein has been produced in the seeds of Brassica napus. The transgenic cow named Rosie contain human protein a lactalbumin. How ever such proteins may cause allergic reaction in some people.<\/p>\n

      2nd PUC Biology Biotechnology and its Applications\u00a0 Additional Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

      2nd PUC Biology Biotechnology and its Applications One Mark Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Question 1.
      \nWhy is the gene encoding Cry protein inserted into crop plant ?
      \nAnswer:
      \nWhen the gene encoding cry protein inserted into a crop plant, the plant becomes resistant to insert pests.<\/p>\n

      Question 2.
      \nWhat is the significance of the process of RNA inference (RNAi) in eukaryotic organism. (CBSE 2008)
      \nAnswer:
      \nIt is a method of cellular defense in eukaryotic organisms, which involves silencing of m.RNA.<\/p>\n

      Question 3.
      \nState the principle on which ELISA works?
      \nAnswer:
      \nThe principle is antigen-antibody interaction.<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nWhat was the speciality of the milk produced by the transgenic cow, Rosie ? (AI 2008)
      \nAnswer:
      \nThe milk contained human protein alpha lactalbumin (2.4gm\/liter) which is nutritionally important for human babies.<\/p>\n

      \"KSEEB<\/p>\n

      Question 5.
      \nWhat is biopiracy?
      \nAnswer:
      \nThe use of bioresources by multinational companies and other organisation with out proper autherisation from the countries and people concerned.<\/p>\n

      Question 6.
      \nWhat GEAC
      \nAnswer:
      \nGenetic engineering Approval committee.<\/p>\n

      Question 7.
      \nWhat is the role of the organisation GEACf
      \nAnswer:
      \nIt checks (Delhi 2008)<\/p>\n

        \n
      • The validity of G.M crops<\/li>\n
      • The safety of introducing genetically modified organisms for public services.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Question 8.
        \nA multinational company outside India tried to sell new verities of turmeric without proper patent rights. What is such an act referred to as?
        \nAnswer:
        \nBiopiracy<\/p>\n

        Question 9.
        \nWhat is Hirudin ?
        \nAnswer:
        \nIt is a protein which prevent blood dotting.<\/p>\n

        2nd PUC Biology Biotechnology and its Applications Two Marks Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n

        Question 1.
        \nIn case of Bt Cotton how does the toxic insecticide protein produced by bacterium kill the insect pest but not the cells of Bacillus thuringiensis where the toxic protein is generated?
        \nAnswer:
        \nThe toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is an endotoxin called cry protein. It is crystalline and non toxic when formed being in protoxin stage. As it reaches the gut of insects, the cry protein is converted into toxic \u2018 and soluble state. It attaches the receptors present on the epithelial cells of the gut produces pores and kills the cells resulting in death of the insects.<\/p>\n

        Question 2.
        \nWhat are 4 main objectives of genetically modified crop plants ? (CBSE 2008)
        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Higher nutritional value eg: Vitamin. A in golden rice<\/li>\n
        • Abiotic stresses- Increased tolerance to drought etc.<\/li>\n
        • Post Harvest losses- Prevention of over-ripening and other post harvest losses.<\/li>\n
        • Insect and Pest resistance. eg: Bt-cotton.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Question 3.
          \nDefine transgenic organisms (CBSE 2006)
          \nAnswer:
          \nThey are organisms which have been modified genetically through introduction of genes of another organism artificially by the technique of genetic engineering instead of conventional hybridisation.<\/p>\n

          Question 4.
          \nHow is early detection of diseases possible using molecular diagnostics?
          \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Low concentration of viral or bacterial DNA in the host cell\/body can be detected much before the symptoms of the disease appear i.e. early detection of disease is possible<\/li>\n
          • Clones of genes can be used to as probe to detect the presence of mutual alleles in cancer suspected patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Question 5.
            \nName any two biological products that are produced in transgenic animals and mention their uses.
            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • a-1- antitrypsin is used to treat emphysema.<\/li>\n
            • a – lactalbumin is produced in the milk of the transgenic cow, Rosie, this is nutritionally more balanced product for human babies than normal cow milk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Question 6.
              \nGive reason for each of the following.
              \n(i) Insulin cannot be administered orally to diabetic patients.
              \n(ii) Biopiracy affects India the most.
              \nAnswer:
              \n(i) Insulin in a polypeptide and can be digested by peptidase in the alimentary canal. Hence it cannot be administered orally.<\/p>\n

              (ii) India is rich in biodiversity and traditional knowledge related to the use of bio-resources, than many other countries, hence it is affected the most with biopiracy.<\/p>\n

              \"KSEEB<\/p>\n

              Question 7.
              \nWhat is the cause of adenosine deaminase deficiency in a person?
              \nAnswer:
              \nIt is due to the deletion of the gene coding for the enzyme adenosine deaminase, this enzyme is crucial for the functioning of the immune system.<\/p>\n

              Question 8.
              \nMention the uses of cloned genes in, molecular diagnostics.
              \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Cloned genes are used as probe to detect the presence of its complementary DNA strand; the muted gene will not hybridise with the probe and hence will not appear in the photographic film.<\/li>\n
              • When cloned genes express themselves and produce recombinant proteins, they help in developing sensitive diagnostic techniques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Question 9.
                \nWhy does Bt toxin not kill the bacillus ? How does it kill the insect larvae ?
                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • When Bt toxin is ingested by an insect, it is converted into its active form when exposed to the alkaline pH in the gut.<\/li>\n
                • The activated toxin binds to the surface of the epithelial cells of the midgut create pores.<\/li>\n
                • Water enters the cells and causes their swelling and lysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Question 10.
                  \nWrite the advantages of recombinant therapeutics?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nThe recombinant therapeutics do not induce any unwanted immunological response like the similar products of non human origin such therapeutics are highly effective.<\/p>\n

                  Question 11.
                  \nHow is ELISA used to detect the pathogens in the body?
                  \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Pathogens are detected by the presence of antigens, which may be a protein or glycoprotein.<\/li>\n
                  • Pathogens can be also be detected by the presence of antibodies synthesized against the pathogens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    2nd PUC Biology Biotechnology and its Applications Three Marks Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n

                    Question 1.
                    \n(a) Why is traditional knowledge related to bio-resources exploited ? Give 2 reasons
                    \n(b) Name 2 patents on Indian bio-resources that have been revoked.
                    \nAnswer:
                    \n(a) Traditional knowledge is exploited to<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Develop modem applications of the resources<\/li>\n
                    • Save time, effort, expenditure in the process of commercialisation of bio-resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      (b) The two Indian patents include<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Pesticide property of neem<\/li>\n
                      • Healing and antiseptic property of turmeric.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Question 2.
                        \nMention three reasons for the success of green revolution in India.
                        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Use of improved verities of crops<\/li>\n
                        • Employing better management practice<\/li>\n
                        • Use of agrochemical such as fertilizers and pesticides.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Question 3.
                          \nEnumerate the fields of application of biotechnology.
                          \nAnswer:
                          \nThe applications of biotechnology include<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Molecular diagnostics<\/li>\n
                          • Bioremediation<\/li>\n
                          • Waste treatment<\/li>\n
                          • Energy production<\/li>\n
                          • Therapeutics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            Question 4.
                            \n(a) Write the disadvantages of human use of insulin from other animal sources
                            \n(b) What are the concerns about transgenic insulin?
                            \nAnswer:
                            \n(a) Disadvantages<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • It causes allergy<\/li>\n
                            • It causes other types of reaction<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              (b) Concerns about transgenic insulin<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • The removal of C-peptide during maturation<\/li>\n
                              • Assembling of the a and p polypeptides together to form mature form of insulin.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Question 5.
                                \nName any 6 plants where Bt toxin producing genes have been included
                                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                • Cotton<\/li>\n
                                • Tomato<\/li>\n
                                • Rice<\/li>\n
                                • Potato<\/li>\n
                                • Soybean<\/li>\n
                                • Com.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  2nd PUC Biology Biotechnology and its Applications Five Marks Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                  Question 1.
                                  \nTwo of the steps involved in producing nematode resistant tobacco plants base of on the process of RNA I are mentioned below. Write the missing steps in the proper sequence.
                                  \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                                  \"2nd<\/p>\n

                                    \n
                                  • Nematode specific genes<\/li>\n
                                  • Production of both sense and antisense RNAs<\/li>\n
                                  • Double strand RNA<\/li>\n
                                  • Silencing specific mRNAs of nematode<\/li>\n
                                  • Death of nematodes<\/li>\n
                                  • Protection of transgenic plants from nematodes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    \"KSEEB<\/p>\n

                                    Question 2.
                                    \nDescribe by giving one example for each why transgenic animals are produced.
                                    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                                      \n
                                    • Transgenic animals are designed to allow the study of how genes are regulated and how they affect the normal functions of the body and its development
                                      \neq: Information is obtained as to how insulin has a role as growth factor<\/li>\n
                                    • They are designed to increase our understanding as to how genes could control the development of disease, they serve as models of human disease.<\/li>\n
                                    • They produce useful biological compounds created by introducing a portion of the DNA that code for the products.
                                      \neg: a-1 antitrypsin is produced for treating emphysema<\/li>\n
                                    • They are being developed to test the safety vaccines, eg: Polio vaccines has been tested on mice<\/li>\n
                                    • Transgenic animals with more sensitivity to toxic substance are being developed to the test the toxicity of drugs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                      You can Download Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications Questions and Answers, 1st PUC Biology Question Bank with Answers, Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. Karnataka 2nd PUC Biology Question Bank Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications 2nd PUC Biology Biotechnology and its Applications …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9477"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9477\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}