\n5. Nonrenewable resource<\/td>\n | (e)Pretesting questionnaire.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Answer: \n1-c \n2-d. \n3-a. \n4-b. \n5-c.<\/p>\n IV. Answer the following questions in a word sentence: ( 1 \u00d7 5 = 5 )<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 12. \nWhat is economics according to Alfred Marshall? \nAnswer: \nAccording to Alfred Marshall. ”Economics is the study of mankind in the ordinary business of life. It examines that part of individual and social action which is most closely connected with the attainment and with the use of the material requisites of well-being\u201d<\/p>\n Question 13. \nWhy did the colonial government ban canal transport? \nAnswer: \nThe colonial government banned canal transport as the measures taken for development of inland trade and sea lanes were far from satisfactory. The inland w aterw ays proved uneconomical and failed to compete with railways.<\/p>\n Question 14. \nExpand IBRD. \nAnswer: \nInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 15. \nWhat is infrastructure? \nAnswer: \nInfrastructure is a network of physical facilities and public services which act as important base for economic and social development of the country.<\/p>\n Question 16. \nExpand NCERT. \nAnswer: \nNational Council of Educational Research and Training.<\/p>\n Section – B<\/span><\/p>\nV. Answer any four of the following questions in four sentence each. ( 2 \u00d7 4 = 8 )<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 17. \nGive the meaning of pilot survey. \nAnswer: \nOnce a questionnaire is ready, it is advisable to conduct a try out with a small group which is known as pilot survey or pretesting of the questionnaire. It gives a preliminary idea about the survey. It helps in pretesting of the questionnaire, so as to know1 the shortcomings and drawbacks of the questions.<\/p>\n Question 18. \nGive the formula to find out mid point. \nAnswer: \nThe formula to find out midpoint is as follows: \nMid point = \\(\\frac{\\text { Upper class limit + Lower class limit }}{2}\\)<\/p>\n Question 19. \nWrite the meaning of temporal classification with an example. \nAnswer: \nTemporal classification is one in which the classification of data is done on the basis of time. Example hours, days, weeks, months, years, decades, etc.<\/p>\n Question 20. \nCalculate the value of the mean from the following figures \nX: 50, 70, 90, 120, 110, 80, 70, 150, 250. \nAnswer: \nX\u0304 = \\(\\frac{\\Sigma X}{N}=\\frac{990}{9}\\) = 110<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 21. \nWhich quartiles are used to calculate the interquartile range? Give the formula of it. \nAnswer: \nThe upper and lower quartiles are used to calculate the interquartile range. \nIt is calculated by using the formula Interquartile range = Q3<\/sub> – Q1<\/sub><\/p>\nQuestion 22. \nWrite any four features of index numbers. \nAnswer: \nThe four features of index numbers are as follows:<\/p>\n \n- Index numbers are specialized averages<\/li>\n
- Index numbers are expressed in percentages<\/li>\n
- Index numbers measure the effect of changes in relation to time or place.<\/li>\n
- Index numbers measure the changes that are not capable of direct measurement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
VI. Answer any five of the following questions in four sentence each. ( 2 \u00d7 5 = 10 )<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 23. \nName the modern industries which were in operation in our country at the time of Independence. \nAnswer: \nThe modem industries which were in operation in our country at the time of independence were Tata Iron and Steel Company, cotton textile industry, jute industry, sugar industry, cement industry, paper industry, etc.<\/p>\n Question 24. \nWhat do you mean by the green revolution? How was it possible? \nAnswer: \nGreen revolution refers to the large increase in the production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety seeds, particularly for wheat and rice.<\/p>\n We could achieve green revolution with high yielding variety of seeds, irrigation facilities and financial resources to purchase fertilizer and pesticides. So the benefits of the green revolution were restricted to only a few states like Punjab, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.<\/p>\n Question 25. \nWhat are the various forms of health expenditure? \nAnswer: \nThe various forms of health expenditures are as follows:<\/p>\n \n- Preventive medicine (vaccination)<\/li>\n
- Curative medicine (medical intervention during illness)<\/li>\n
- Social medicine (spread of health awareness)<\/li>\n
- Provision of clean drinking water and good sanitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 26. \nWhat is the role of self help groups in providing rural credit? \nAnswer: \nThe major role of self-help groups is to encourage small savings from each member and the pooled money is given as loans and advances to the needed member at a very low rate of interest and also at easy repayment installments.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 27. \nWho are all included in labor force? \nAnswer: \nAll those who are engaged in economic activities, in whatever capacity high or low are called workers. Even if some of them temporarily abstain from work due to illness, injury or othei physical disability, bad weather, festivals, social or religious functions are also workers. Apart from these, the labour force also consists of those who help the main workers and self-employed workers.<\/p>\n Question 28. \nWrite the meaning of global burden of diseases. \nAnswer: \nThe global burden of diseases is an indicator used by experts to guage the number people dying prematurely because of a particular disease and the number of years spent by the people in a state of disability owing to that disease, during a given period of time.<\/p>\n In India, more than half of global burden of disease is accounted for by communicable diseases like diarrhea, malaria and tuberculosis. Even year around five lakh children die of waterborne diseases.<\/p>\n Question 29. \nWrite any two threats to the environment in our country. \nAnswer: \nThe major threats of the environment in India are as follows:<\/p>\n \n- Threat of poverty induced environmental degradation<\/li>\n
- The threat of pollution from rapidly growing industrial sector, air pollution, water contamination, soil erosion, deforestation, and wildlife extinction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Section – C<\/span><\/p>\nVII. Answer any three of the following questions in twelve sentence each. ( 3 \u00d7 4 = 12 )<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 30. \nHow will you choose the wants to be satisfied? \nAnswer: \nIt is a well-known fact that human wants are unlimited and resources to satisfy them are limited. Though human wants are unlimited these wants vary in intensity and urgency. Some wants are more intense and urgent than other wants. We give top priority to more intense and urgent wants.<\/p>\n For instance, a family may want to go on a tour to America and also want to have a flat, We expect that the family opts for buying the flat first and choose to go to America later.<\/p>\n Hence, a consumer always selects that combination of products that give him maximum satisfaction. Similarly, a producer may take the best combination of two inputs so that it requires less cost of production and get maximum profit.<\/p>\n So. we have to choose tho\u0161e wants to be satisfied first which requires immediate attention. This is what we learn from the study of economics.<\/p>\n Question 31. \nDoes the lottery method always give you a random sample? Explain. \nAnswer: \nIt \u00a1s a well-settled fact that the lofler method always gives us a random sample. Random sampling is the one where the individual units from the population (samples) are selected at random.<\/p>\n For instance, the government wants to determine the impact of the price rise in LPG on the household budget of a particular locality. For this. a representative sample of 20 households has to be taken and studied. The names of the 200 households of that area are written on pieces of paper and mixed eI1. then 20 names to be interviewed arc selected one bone.<\/p>\n In random sampling, ever an individual has an equal chance of being selected and the individuals who are selected are just like the ones who are not selected. In the above example. all the 200 sampling units of the population got an equal chance of being included in the sample of 30 units and hence the sample, sO drawn, is a random sample. So. the lottery method always gives us random samples.<\/p>\n However, the lottery method will not give a random sample in the following cases:<\/p>\n \n- If the slips are not made of identical size and it is possible to identify the names or numbers on the slips.<\/li>\n
- If same name or number is written on more than one slip or if some name or number is missed out.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n Question 32. \nCalculate the correlation coefficient between X and Y and comment on their relationship. \n \nAnswer: \n \n \nComment: There is no linear relation between X and Y.<\/p>\n Question 33. \nWrite a note on SENSEX. \nAnswer: \nSensex is the short form for the of Bombay Stock Exchange Sensitive Index with 1978-79 as base. The value of the Sensex is with reference to this period. It is the benchmark index for the Indian stock market, It consists of3O stocks which represent 13 sectors of the economy and the companies listed arc leaders in their respective industries. 1f the Sensex rises, it indicates that the market is doing cll and investors expect better earnings from companies. It also indicates growing confidence of investors in the basic health of the economy.<\/p>\n Further, the sensitive index is a market capitalization of weighted index of sample of large. well established and financially sound companies. It is the oldest index in India and has acquired a unique place in the collective consciousness of investors. This index is idely used to measure the performance of the Indian stock market. It is the pulse of the Indian capital market.<\/p>\n Question 34. \nThe yield of wheat per acre for ten districts of a state is as under \n \nCalculate mean deviation from mean \nAnswer: \nCalculation of mean deviation mean: \n<\/p>\n VIII. Answer any four of the following questions in twelve sentence each: ( 4 \u00d7 4 = 16 )<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 35. \nWhat do you understand by the \u2018drain of Indian wealth\u2019 during the colonial period? \nAnswer: \nThe most important feature of indias foreign trade during British rule was the generation of a large export surplus. That means Indias exports exceeded its imports. it resulted in a disadvantage to the country is economy.<\/p>\n The essential commodities were not made available to Indians as they were exported to Britain in large quantities ignoring domestic needs.<\/p>\n The export surplus (value of exports being greater than the value of imports) was used to make payments for the expenses incurred by an office set up by the colonial government in Britain. expenses on war, again fought by the British Government and the import of invisible items. This is known as Drain of Indian eaith.<\/p>\n Question 36. \nWrite a note on WTO. \nAnswer: \nThe World Trade Organisation was founded in 1995 as the successor organization to the General \nAgreement on Trade and Tariff which was established in 1948<\/p>\n The main objectives of WTO are as follows:<\/p>\n \n- To establish a rule-based trading system in which nations cannot place arbitrary restrictions
\non trade<\/li>\n - To enlarge production and trade of services<\/li>\n
- To ensure optimum utilization of world resources<\/li>\n
- To protect the environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The various WTO agreements cover trade in goods and services to facilitate international trade i.e. both bilateral and multilateral, through the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers and providing greater market access to all the member countries.<\/p>\n India. being a founder member, ha been in the mainframe in framing fair global rules, regulations, and safeguards and advocating the interests of the developing world. India has kept its commitments towards liberalization of trade, made in the VTO, by removing quantitative restrictions on imports and reducing tariff rates.<\/p>\n But, some economists argue that the usefulness of WTO to India is not much when compared to developed countries. The major portions of benefits are enjoyed by the rich countries. They also say that while developed countries file complaints about agricultural subsidies given in their countries, developing countries feel cheated as they are forced to open up their markets for developed countries but are not allowed to access the markets of developed countries, which is totally unfair to Indian producers.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Question 37. \nWhat do you mean by a growth-oriented approach to poverty reduction? Why it is not successful in India? \nAnswer: \nThe growth-oriented approach is based on the expectation that the effects of economic growth i.e. the rapid increase in gross domestic product and per Capita Income, would spread to all sections of the society and vi1l trickle down to the poor sections also.<\/p>\n The growth-oriented approach to reduce poverty was not successful in India because of the following reasons: \n(a) It was felt that the rapid industrialization and green revolution would benefit the underdeveloped regions and the more backward sections of the community. But, the overall growth and growth of agriculture and industry have not been impressive. \n(b) Population growth has resulted in a very low growth in per capita incomes. \n(c) The gap between poor and rich has actually widened. \n(d) The green revolution increased the disparities regionally and that between large and small farmers. \n(e) There was unwillingness and inability to redistribute land. \n(f) Economists say that the benefits of economic growth have not trickled down to the poor.<\/p>\n Question 38. \nWrite a short note on alternative markets. \nAnswer: \nThe examples for emerging alternate marketing channels are as follows:<\/p>\n |