Answer the following questions in one word \/ one sentence each: ( 10 \u00d7 1 = 10 )<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 1.
\nWhat is a taxon?
\nAnswer:
\nA taxon is a unit of classification.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nName the type of root modification in banyan.
\nAnswer:
\nProp roots.<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nName the family in which the flowers show papilionaceous corolla.
\nAnswer:
\nFamily Fabaceae.<\/p>\n
Question 4.
\nWhat is a closed vascular, bundle?
\nAnswer:
\nAvascular cambium in which cambium is absent is known as a closed vascular bundle.<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nName the type of plastids that store carbohydrates.
\nAnswer:
\nAmyloplasts.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 6.
\nDuring which stage does synapsis occur?
\nAnswer:
\nZygotene.<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nWhat are porins?
\nAnswer:
\nPorins are proteins that form huge pores in the outer membranes of plastids, mitochondria and some bacteria allowing molecules up to the size of small proteins to pass through.<\/p>\n
Question 8.
\nName the enzyme which helps in nitrogen reduction in prokaryotes.
\nAnswer:
\nNitrogenase.<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nWhich type of cells of gastric glands secrete HCl.
\nAnswer:
\nParietal cells or oxyntic cells of gastric glands secrete HCl.<\/p>\n
Question 10.
\nWhat is serum?
\nAnswer:
\nPlasma without cloning factors is known as serum.<\/p>\n
PART-B<\/span><\/p>\nAnswer any FIVE of the following questions in 3-5 sentences each, wherever applicable. (5 \u00d7 2 = 10)<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 11.
\nMention any two major groups of protozoans with an example for each.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n
\n- Amoeboid protozoans e.g. Amoeba, Entamoeba,<\/li>\n
- Flagellated protozoans eg: Trypanosoma<\/li>\n
- Ciliated protozoans eg. Paramecium<\/li>\n
- sporozoans eg: plasmodium (Any two)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 12.
\nDistinguish between diploblastic and triploblastic animals. Give an example for each.
\nAnswer:
\nAnimals in which the cells are arranged in two embryonic layers namely ectoderm and endoderm are known as diploblastic animals, e.g. coelenterates.<\/p>\n
Question 13.
\nWhat is phyllotaxy? Name any two types.
\nAnswer:
\nPatterns of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch are known as phyllotaxy.
\nTypes of phyllotaxy include – alternate, opposite and whorled.<\/p>\n
Question 14.
\nWhat are nephridia? Mention their types.
\nAnswer:
\nNephridia are excretory organs in earthworms. Types are septal, integumentary and pharyngeal<\/p>\n
Question 15.
\nDraw a neat labelled diagram of a mitochondrion.
\nAnswer:
\n
\nSection through mitochondrion (diagrammatic)
\nThe elementary particles have been shown only on one crista.<\/p>\n
Question 16.
\nWrite the physiological effects of cytokinins in plants.
\nAnswer:
\nPhysiological effects of cytokinins:<\/p>\n
\n- helps to produce new leaves, chloroplast in leaves, lateral shoot growth and adventitious shoot formation.<\/li>\n
- helps to overcome apical dominance.<\/li>\n
- promotes nutrient mobilization which helps in the delay of leaf senescence.<\/li>\n
- promotes shoot initiation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Question 17.
\nWhat are joints? Name any two types of joints in man.
\nAnswer:
\nJoints are points of contact between bones or between bones and cartilages.
\nTypes:<\/p>\n
\n- Filariousjoints<\/li>\n
- Cartilaginous joints<\/li>\n
- Synovial joints (any two)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 18.
\nWhat is (a) tetany (b) arthritis?
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Rapid spasms in muscles due to low Ca+2 in body fluids.
\n(b) Arthritis: inflammation of joints.<\/p>\n
PART-C<\/span><\/p>\nAnswer any FIVE of the following questions in 40-80 words each, wherever applicable: (5 \u00d7 3 = 15)<\/span><\/p>\nQuestion 19.
\nBriefly explain any three types of taxonomical aids.
\nAnswer:
\nAll those collections of actual live specimens or preserved specimens, which help in the identification or verification of a species, are called taxonomic aids.
\nSome of them include,<\/p>\n
\n- Herbarium<\/li>\n
- Botanical Gardens<\/li>\n
- Museums<\/li>\n
- Zoological Parks<\/li>\n
- Keys<\/li>\n
- Monographs<\/li>\n
- Manuals<\/li>\n
- Floras.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
1. Herbarium:
\nA herbarium is defined as a collection of plants, that have been dried, pressed and preserved on sheets.
\nThese sheets are arranged in accordance with any accepted system of classification. They can be used for future references.<\/p>\n
2. Botanical Gardens:
\nThese are collections of living plants maintained for reference, i.e., they are meant for identification and classification. Both local and exotic plants are grown.<\/p>\n
\n- These are considered natural and economical reference systems.<\/li>\n
- Following are some famous botanical gardens in India.
\n1. Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah.
\n2. National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n3. Museums:<\/p>\n