{"id":88099,"date":"2021-06-18T16:00:43","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T10:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/?p=88099"},"modified":"2021-07-02T17:14:03","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T11:44:03","slug":"1st-puc-economics-question-bank-chapter-9-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/1st-puc-economics-question-bank-chapter-9-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"1st PUC Economics Question Bank Chapter 9 Environment Sustainable Development"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karnataka 1st PUC Economics Question Bank Chapter 9 Environment Sustainable Development<\/h2>\n

1st PUC Economics Environment Sustainable Development Textbook Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

I. Fill in the blanks (each question carries 1 mark)<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nIndia supports approximately 17% of the world\u2019s population on a mere percent of the world\u2019s geographical area.
\nAnswer:
\n2.5<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nForests are_____resource.
\nAnswer:
\nNatural<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nThermal power plants emit large quantities of
\nAnswer:
\nCarbon dioxide<\/p>\n

II. Match the following (each question carries 1 mark)<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
A<\/strong><\/td>\nB<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1) Non-renewable resource<\/td>\n(a) Sustainable development<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2) Bio pest control<\/td>\n(b) Air pollution<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3) Encroachment into the forest<\/td>\n(c) Water resource<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4) Industrialization<\/td>\n(d) Land degradation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5) Renewable resource<\/td>\n(e) LPG<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Answer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
A<\/strong><\/td>\nB<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1) Non-renewable resource<\/td>\n(e) LPG<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2) Bio pest control<\/td>\n(a) Sustainable development<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3) Encroachment into the forest<\/td>\n(d) Land degradation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4) Industrialization<\/td>\n(b) Air pollution<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5) Renewable resource<\/td>\n(c) Water resource<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

III. Answer the following questions in a word\/sentence (each question carries 1 mark)<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat is meant by environment?
\nAnswer:
\nEnvironment refers to the totality of the physical conditions on the earth or a part of it. In other words, it refers to physical surroundings, conditions, circumstances, etc., in which a person lives.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat happens when the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration?
\nAnswer:
\nWhen the rate of resource extraction exceeds that of their regeneration, the environment fails to perform its vital function of life sustenance, and this results in an environmental crisis.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nGive the meaning of renewable resources.
\nAnswer:
\nRenewable resources are those resources that can be used again and again. There will be a continuous supply of resources. For example, water, forest, land, etc.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is meant by the absorptive capacity of the environment?
\nAnswer:
\nThe absorptive capacity of the environment refers to the ability of the environment to absorb degradation.<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is sustainable development? (S – 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nAccording to Brundtland Commission, sustainable development is the “process of development which meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nExpand CNG?
\nAnswer:
\nCompressed natural gas.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

IV. Answer the following questions in four sentences (each question carries 2 marks)<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nMention any four functions of the environment.
\nAnswer:
\nThe major functions of the environment are as follows:
\n(a) The environment supplies both renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those resources that can be used again and again. There will be a continuous supply of resources. For example, water, forest, land, etc.<\/p>\n

Non-renewable resources are those which get exhausted with extraction and use. For example, mineral resources like petrol, coal, iron ore, etc.<\/p>\n

(b) The Environment assimilates waste. That means that the environment absorbs the solid and liquid wastes created by humans and other living beings.<\/p>\n

(c) The environment sustains life on earth by providing both genetic and bio-diversities.<\/p>\n

(d) Environment also provides aesthetic services like beautiful scenery of forest land, waterfalls, mountains like the Himalaya ranges, lagoons, glaciers, valleys, etc.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat are non-renewable resources? Give two examples.
\nAnswer:
\nNon-renewable resources are those which get exhausted with extraction and use. For example, mineral resources like petrol, coal, iron ore, etc.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nClassify the following into renewable and non-renewable resources.
\n(a) Trees
\nAnswer:
\nTrees: renewable resource<\/p>\n

(b) Fish
\nAnswer:
\nFish: renewable resource<\/p>\n

(c) Petroleum
\nAnswer:
\nPetroleum: non-renewable resource<\/p>\n

(d) Coal
\nAnswer:
\nCoal: non-renewable resource<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

(e) Iron ore
\nAnswer:
\nIron ore: non-renewable resource<\/p>\n

(f) Water
\nAnswer:
\nWater: renewable resource<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nList out any four biotic factors of the environment.
\nAnswer:
\nThe biotic factors of the environment are birds, animals, plants, forests.<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat do you mean by the carrying capacity of the environment?
\nAnswer:
\nCarrying capacity implies that the resource extraction is not above the rate of regeneration of the resource and the wastes generated are within the assimilating capacity of the environment.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nGovernment expenditure on health is increasing. Why?
\nAnswer:
\nThe decline in air and water quality has resulted in an increased incidence of respiratory and water-borne diseases. This has contributed to the increase in government expenditure on health.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nWrite any two threats to the environment in our country.
\nAnswer:
\nThe major threats to the environment in India are as follows:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • The threat of poverty induced environmental degradation<\/li>\n
  • The threat of pollution from the rapidly growing industrial sector, air pollution, water contamination, soil erosion, deforestation, and wildlife extinction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"1st<\/p>\n

    Question 8.
    \nMention any four strategies to achieve sustainable development.
    \nAnswer:
    \nThe major strategies for sustainable development are as follows:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Utilization of non-conventional sources of energy<\/li>\n
    • Use of liquefied petroleum gas and gobar gas in rural areas.<\/li>\n
    • Use of compressed natural gas (CNG) in public transport.<\/li>\n
    • Use of solar energy.<\/li>\n
    • The practice of traditional knowledge in healthcare and other fields.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Question 9.
      \nGive the meaning of bio-pest control. Give examples. (S-2018)
      \nAnswer:
      \nBio-pest control is a method of using pesticides based on plant products and spreading awareness about various animals and birds which help in controlling pests.<\/p>\n

      For example,<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Neem trees are useful to control pests, mixed cropping, and growing different crops in successive years on the same land also helps.<\/li>\n
      • Snakes are one of the important groups of animals that devour rats, mice, and various other pests, as their food.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Similarly, large varieties of birds like owls and peacocks, pray upon vermin and pests. If these are allowed to dwell around the agricultural land, they can clear a large number of pests including insects. Frogs and lizards are also useful in this regard.<\/p>\n

        \"1st<\/p>\n

        Question 10.
        \nName the types of medical systems included in AYUSH.
        \nAnswer:
        \nThe types of medical systems included in AYUSH are Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, and Naturopathy.<\/p>\n

        V. Answer the following questions in twelve sentences (each question carries 4 marks)<\/span><\/p>\n

        Question 1.
        \nExplain the functions of the environment.
        \nAnswer:
        \nEnvironment refers to the totality of the physical conditions on the earth or a part of it. In other words, it refers to physical surroundings, conditions, circumstances, etc., in which a person lives.<\/p>\n

        The environment is defined as the total planetary inheritance and the totality of all resources and includes biotic (birds, animals, and plants, forests (fishes) and abiotic (air, water, land, rocks, and sunlight) factors.<\/p>\n

        \"1st<\/p>\n

        The major functions of the environment are as follows:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • The environment supplies both renewable and non-renewable resources. Renewable resources are those resources that can be used again and again. There will be a continuous supply of resources. For example, water, forest, land, etc.<\/li>\n
        • Non-renewable resources are those which get exhausted with extraction and use. For example, mineral resources like petrol, coal, iron ore, etc.<\/li>\n
        • The environment assimilates waste. That means that the environment absorbs the solid and liquid wastes created by humans and other living beings.<\/li>\n
        • The environment sustains life on earth by providing both genetic and bio-diversities.<\/li>\n
        • The environment also provides aesthetic services like beautiful scenery of forest lands, waterfalls, mountains like the Himalaya ranges, lagoons, glaciers, valleys, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Question 2.
          \nIs the environmental crisis a recent phenomenon? If so why?
          \nAnswer:
          \nYes, the environmental crisis is a recent phenomenon. It is due to the supply-demand reversal. In recent years, the population has increased. This has resulted in an increase in demand for natural resources while the supply of natural resources is fixed. It creates excess demand and exerts pressure on natural resources. These resources are overused and usage goes beyond the earning capacity leading to environmental degradation.<\/p>\n

          The developmental activities in India have created excessive pressure on natural resources. There is a threat to India\u2019s environment which has posed a dichotomy threat to poverty-induced environmental degradation and threat of pollution from industrialization.<\/p>\n

          The major issues identified in India in respect of threat to the environment are as follows:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Land degradation<\/li>\n
          • Bio-diversity loss<\/li>\n
          • Air pollution with special reference to vehicular pollution in urban areas<\/li>\n
          • Management of freshwater<\/li>\n
          • Solid waste management.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \"1st<\/p>\n

            The land in India suffers from varying degrees and types of degradation stemming mainly from unstable use and inappropriate management techniques. The high density of population and livestock and competing uses of land for the forest, agriculture, pastures, human settlements, and industries have created maximum pressure on the meager land resources of the country.<\/p>\n

            Every year, the soil erosion in India has estimated at the rate of 5.3 billion tonnes and the country loses about 0.8 million tonnes of nitrogen, 1.8 million tonnes of phosphorus, and 26.3 million tonnes of potassium.<\/p>\n

            Air pollution is widespread in India particularly in urban areas due to the usage of a large number of vehicles, the concentration of industries, and thermal power plants. The personal transport vehicles (two-wheelers and cars) constituted about 80% of the total traffic contributing the highest to total air pollution.<\/p>\n

            Thus, India is facing major challenges as for as the environmental issues are concerned and if proper measures are not taken India is going to face a severe environmental crisis in the near future.<\/p>\n

            Question 3.
            \nExplain the supply-demand reversal of environmental resources
            \nAnswer:
            \nThe environment can perform its functions without any interruption as long as the demand for environmental resources is less than its supply. When the demand is more than the supply, it results in an environmental crisis. This is known as a supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.<\/p>\n

            \"1st<\/p>\n

            In other words, when the demand for resources, both production and consumption goes beyond the rate of regeneration of this resource leading to an increase in pressure on absorptive capacity, it is called supply-demand reversal of environmental resources.<\/p>\n

            That means, we are now faced with increased demand for environmental resources and services but their supply is limited due to overuse and misuse of resources.<\/p>\n

            The major causes are:<\/p>\n

              \n
            • The rising population of the developing countries<\/li>\n
            • Affluent consumption and production standards of the developed countries<\/li>\n
            • Intensive and extensive extraction of both renewable and non-renewable resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Question 4.
              \nExplain the suggestions given by Herman Daly to achieve sustainable development.
              \nAnswer:
              \nHerman Daly has given the following suggestions to achieve sustainable development are as follows:
              \n(a) Limiting the population to a level within the carrying capacity of the environment. If the population is not controlled, the human scale grows beyond the carrying capacity of the earth and deviates from sustainable development.
              \n(b) Technological progress should be environment friendly.
              \n(c) Use of renewable resources should not supersede their availability.
              \n(d) There should be optimum utilization of non-renewable resources, i.e., the rate of extraction of these should not exceed substitute resources.
              \n(e) The adverse effects of pollution should be corrected immediately.<\/p>\n

              \"1st<\/p>\n

              Question 5.
              \nWrite a note on eco-friendly traditional knowledge and practices of our country. (N-2018)
              \nAnswer:
              \nDuring the ancient period, people in India were living very close to the environment. They were a part and parcel of the environmental system, and they did not try to control the environmental factors. All our economic and social activities like agriculture, healthcare, housing, transport, etc. were environment friendly.<\/p>\n

              But, in recent times, there is a shift from traditional systems to the modem which is causing considerable damage to the environment and also to our rural economy. This is mainly because of the indiscriminate use of modem techniques in the agricultural sector, rapid industrialization, advanced medical science, etc.<\/p>\n

              The time has come to go back the to traditional system of living in order to sustain the environment. For instance, in the field of healthcare, India is a country with 15,000 species of plants that have medicinal contents. About 8,000 species are already being used in various systems of treatment.<\/p>\n

              The healthcare system like AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) is gaining importance nowadays. The healthcare systems including Tibetan and folk systems are again in great demand for the treatment of chronic health problems.<\/p>\n

              Apart from these, at present. In India, consumer products like hair oil, toothpaste, toilet soaps, body lotion, perfumes, facial creams, etc. have herbal composition. These products are not only environmentally friendly but also free from side effects.<\/p>\n

              VI. Answer the following question in twenty sentences (each question carries 6 marks)<\/span><\/p>\n

              Question 1.
              \nHow do the following factors contribute to the environmental crisis in India? What problem do they pose for the government?
              \n(a) Rising population
              \nAnswer:
              \nRising population: The rising population has resulted in an increase in demand for natural resources while the supply of natural resources is constant. It has created excess demand and exerts beyond earth\u2019s carrying capacity leading to environmental degradation. They pose a threat to the environment.<\/p>\n

              \"1st<\/p>\n

              (b) Air pollution
              \nAnswer:
              \nAir pollution: The pollution caused by industrialization and vehicular emissions have created diseases like asthma, lung cancer, tuberculosis, and many air-borne diseases and posing a problem for the environment in the form of increased expenditure of government on health.<\/p>\n

              (c) Water contamination
              \nAnswer:
              \nWater contamination: The water pollution out of industrialization and urbanization has lead to many diseases like cholera, malaria, diarrhea, and other water-borne diseases. This has also resulted in an increase in the expenditure of the government on health.<\/p>\n

              \"1st<\/p>\n

              (d) Urbanization
              \nAnswer:
              \nUrbanization: The unsystematic development of large cities and towns i.e., urbanization, has increased the demand for natural resources, while the supply of natural resources is constant. It has created excess demand oversupply. There is over-extraction of resources beyond the carrying capacity of the environment. There is a mismatch in the absorptive capacity of the environment also. There is the problem of the rich wasting food and other resources while the poor are struggling to get the same.<\/p>\n

              (e) Deforestation
              \nAnswer:
              \nDeforestation: The reckless cutting down of trees has led to deforestation. It is causing an increase in carbon dioxide in the environment. The increased carbon dioxide has added to global warming. This has resulted in an increase in the expenditure of the government on health and increasing the financial commitments of the government even for the future.<\/p>\n

              (f) Affluent consumption standards
              \nAnswer:
              \nAffluent consumption standards: It has increased the demand for natural resources while supply remains the same. The people recklessly using agricultural land for commercial and industrial purposes. The construction of these on agricultural and forest lands has become a big threat to the environment.<\/p>\n

              Question 2.
              \nIndia has abundant natural resources. Substantiate this statement.
              \nAnswer:
              \nIndia is favorably located in the northeastern hemisphere, with abundant natural resources in terms of the rich quality of soil, many rivers, vast forest area, plenty of mineral resources, ranges of mountains, oceans, etc.<\/p>\n

              \"1st<\/p>\n

              The richness of India in many resources can be listed as follows:
              \n(a) The black of the Deccan Plateau is best suitable for cotton and the same has encouraged the concentration of textile industries.
              \n(b) The northern plains are highly fertile contributing maximum towards employment generation and agricultural production.
              \n(c) India has about 69 million hectares of forest area covering the majority of population and wildlife.
              \n(d) India has large deposits of iron ore, coal, and natural gas. Bauxite, diamonds, gold, lead, manganese, zinc, uranium, etc. are also available.<\/p>\n

              India has a coastline of 75000 km. Which is food for developing ports and also in helping fisherman to earn their livelihood. It can also be useful in harnessing wind – power, which is renewable and pollution-free.<\/p>\n

              Question 3.
              \nExplain any six strategies for sustainable development.
              \nAnswer:
              \nAccording to Brundtland Commission, sustainable development is a \u201cprocess of development which meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs\u201d.<\/p>\n

              Sustainable development aims at decreasing the absolute poverty of the poor by providing a secure livelihood that minimizes resource depletion, environmental degradation, cultural disruption, and social instability.<\/p>\n

              The strategies for sustainable development are as follows:<\/p>\n