{"id":87658,"date":"2021-06-15T17:38:24","date_gmt":"2021-06-15T12:08:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/?p=87658"},"modified":"2021-06-29T09:35:43","modified_gmt":"2021-06-29T04:05:43","slug":"1st-puc-biology-question-bank-chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/1st-puc-biology-question-bank-chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"1st PUC Biology Question Bank Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karnataka 1st PUC Biology Question Bank Chapter 4 Animal Kingdom<\/h2>\n

1st PUC Biology Animal Kingdom One Marks Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat b intracellular digestion? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nDigestion within the food vacuoles of a cell, is called intracellular digestion, eg. Amoeba, Paramaecium, Sycon, Ascon etc.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is saprozoic nutrition?
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of organism feeding on dead and decaying animals is called saprozoic nutrition.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat are the the kinds of openings found on the body of a sponge?
\nAnswer:
\nThey are:
\n(a) dermal ostia and
\n(b) osculum.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat are spicules?
\nAnswer:
\nSpicules form the skeleton in sponges. They may be made up of calcium, silica or spongin protein.<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is a spongocoel?
\nAnswer:
\nThere is a large cavity inside the sponge body called spongocoel or paragastral cavity. It communicates with the outside through osculum.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is a gemmuie?
\nAnswer:
\nInternal buds in sponges are called gemstones which are capable of developing into individual sponges.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is a hermaphrodite?
\nAnswer:
\nAn animal having both male, and female reproductive organs like testes and ovaries is called a hermaphrodite.
\neg: Sponges, Hydra etc.<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is radial symmetry?
\nAnswer:
\nDivision of the body into equal halves along any vertical plane. In such an organism the various body parts are radially arranged.<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat is polymorphism?
\nAnswer:
\nA colony with many kinds of zooids having different functions is called polymorphism.<\/p>\n

Question 10.
\nWhy are coelenterates called diploblastic animals?
\nAnswer:
\nThe body of coelenterates have two cell layers with an outer ectoderm, and an inner endoderm.
\nThus they are called diploblastic animals.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat are cnidoblasts?
\nAnswer:
\nSome ectodermal cells are specialised in food capturing and defending the body. Such cells are called cnidoblasts in coelenterates.<\/p>\n

Question 12.
\nWhat is metagenesis?
\nAnswer:
\nIn some organisms sexual reproduction alternate with asexual reproduction on a regularly, basis. This alternation of generations is called metagenesis.<\/p>\n

Question 13.
\nWhat is an acoelomate animal?
\nAnswer:
\nAn animal without a body cavity is called an acoelomate,
\neg: Planaria, Liverfluke, Tape worm.<\/p>\n

Question 14.
\nWhy is the nervous system called ladder like in flatworm?
\nAnswer:
\nThere are two longitudinal nerve cords. These are inter connected, and look like a ladder.<\/p>\n

Question 15.
\nWhat is a syncitial epidermis?
\nAnswer:
\nIn round worms, the epidermis is a multinucleated sheet of cytoplasm. It is called syncitial epidermis.<\/p>\n

Question 16.
\nWhat is a pseudocoelom? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nBody cavity without being lined with epithelium, is called pseudocoelom. eg: Roundworms.<\/p>\n

Question 17.
\nWhat is a metamfcric segmentation?
\nAnswer:
\nIn some organism body is segmented externally by grooves, and internally by septae. This is called a metameric segmentation.<\/p>\n

Question 18.
\nWhat are nephridia?
\nAnswer:
\nNephridin are ectodermal tubular, segmentally arranged structures helping in excretion in an organism.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 19.
\nWhat is ecdysis?
\nAnswer:
\nEcdysis is a process of shedding the exoskeleton at intervals.<\/p>\n

Question 20.
\nWhat is a haemocoel?
\nAnswer:
\nA body cavity filled with blood is called haemocoel as in insects.<\/p>\n

Question 21.
\nWhat is a mantle?
\nAnswer:
\nThe body covering made of a soft membranous layer in mollusca is called pallium or mantle.<\/p>\n

Question 22.
\nWhat is haemocyanin?
\nAnswer:
\nHaemocyanin is the respiratory pigment in mollusca.<\/p>\n

Question 23.
\nWhat are the functions of the ambulacra] system?
\nAnswer:
\nAmbulacral system helps in movement, feeding and respiration.<\/p>\n

Question 24.
\nWhat is a notochord?
\nAnswer:
\nNoto chord is the dorsal rod like supporting structure in chordates.<\/p>\n

Question 25.
\nWhat is heterocercal fin?
\nAnswer:
\nThe tail fin of cartilageous fishes with two asymmetrical lobes is called heterocercal fun.<\/p>\n

Question 26.
\nGive an example for legless amphibian.
\nAnswer:
\nIcthyophis is an amphibian without legs.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 27.
\nWhat is an oviparous animal?
\nAnswer:
\nAn animal which lays eggs outside is called an oviparous animal.<\/p>\n

Question 28.
\nWhat are peneumatic bones?
\nAnswer:
\nBones filled with air spaces are called pneumatic bones.<\/p>\n

Question 29.
\nDefine metamerism?
\nAnswer:
\nMetamerism is the segmentation or division of the body of an animals along its length into similar parts called metameres.<\/p>\n

Question 30.
\nWhat are flame cells?
\nAnswer:
\nFlame cells are the excretory organs of phylum platyhelminthes. They are known as solenocvtes.<\/p>\n

Question 31.
\nWhat is a psendocoelom?
\nAnswer:
\nThe body cavity which is not lined by coelomic epithelium is known as pseudocoleom.<\/p>\n

Question 32.
\nName the various respiratory organs of phylum arthropoda?
\nAnswer:
\nGills, Trachea or Book lungs, and general body surface.<\/p>\n

Question 33.
\nName the phylum which consists of pseudocod?
\nAnswer:
\nAschdrainthes.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 34.
\nWhat Is eueoelomats?
\nAnswer:
\nEucoekmmta Is the group of animals with true body cavity, which is lined by eodctnie epithelium.<\/p>\n

Question 35.
\nName the phylum the which the canal Systran is. seen.
\nAnswer:
\nPhylum porifera.<\/p>\n

Question 36.
\nWhat is syrinx?
\nAnswer:
\nThe voice box of birds is known as syrinx.<\/p>\n

Question 37.
\nName the group of animals in which horny epidermal scales are present
\nAnswer:
\nReptiles.<\/p>\n

Question 38.
\nMention the functions of water canal system.
\nAnswer:
\nIt helps in nutrition, respiration, excretion and reproduction.<\/p>\n

Question 39.
\nWhat is the composition of exoskeleton in Arthropods?
\nAnswer:
\nGhitin, a rigid polysaccharide.<\/p>\n

Question 40.
\nMention the respiratory structures of echinodermater?
\nAnswer:
\nDermal branchiae, genital bursae and cloacal respiratory trees.<\/p>\n

Question 41.
\nDefine Ecdysis.
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of shedding of exoskeleton or skin is known as ecdysis or moulting.<\/p>\n

Question 42.
\nMention the functions of tube feet.
\nAnswer:
\nTubefeet are locomotory and respiratory in function.<\/p>\n

Question 43.
\nWhich phylum includes spiny skinned animals?
\nAnswer:
\nPhylum echinodermata.<\/p>\n

Question 44.
\nWhat is radula?
\nAnswer:
\nRadula is the grasping organ which helps in feeding in molluscans.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 45.
\nIn which phylum do you find an Ambulacral system?
\nAnswer:
\nPhylum Echinodermata.<\/p>\n

Question 46.
\nWhat are Cnidoblasts?
\nAnswer:
\nCnidoblasts are the stinging cells present in the ectoderm of coelenteates. These secrete a neurotoxin.<\/p>\n

Question 47.
\nWhat are parapodia?
\nAnswer:
\nParapodia are the locomotor organs of phylum Annelida.<\/p>\n

Question 48.
\nName the largest phylum in kingdom animaiia?
\nAnswer:
\nArthropoda.<\/p>\n

Question 49.
\nName the phylum in which synchitial epidermis is present.
\nAnswer:
\nPhylum Aschelminthes.<\/p>\n

Question 50.
\nWhat is synchitial epidermis?
\nAnswer:
\nCytoplasmic sheath with scattered nuclei is known as syncytium or synchitiaepidermis. Here cell boundaries are absent.<\/p>\n

Question 51.
\nWhat is cephalisation?
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of formation of head is known as cephalisation.<\/p>\n

Question 52.
\nGive two examples for flightless birds.
\nAnswer:
\nThe common flightless birds are Kiwi, Emu, Ostrich etc.<\/p>\n

Question 53.
\nDefine the term mammal.
\nAnswer:
\nA mammal is an animal with mammae or the milk secreting glands.<\/p>\n

Question 54.
\nWater Vascular system is the characteristic of which group of the following
\n(a) porifera
\n(b) ctenophore
\n(c) Echinodermata
\n(d) chordate
\nAnswer:
\n(a) porifera.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 55.
\n\u201cAll vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not vertebrates\u201d. Justify the statement.
\nAnswer:
\nAll chordates have of notochord presence in some stage of their life. Only in vertebrates, this notochord present in embryonic stage, is replaced by a vertebral column during the adult stage.<\/p>\n

Question 56.
\nHow Important is the presence of an Air bladder in Pisces?
\nAnswer:
\nThe class Osteichthyes possesses an Air bladder. It helps the organism in regulating buoyancy. If the air bladder were absent, the animal has to swim constantly, to avoid sinking.<\/p>\n

Question 57.
\nSegmentation in the body is first observed in which of the following
\n(a) Plahyhelminthes
\n(b) Aschelminthes
\n(c) Annelida
\n(d) Arthropoda.
\nAnswer:
\n(c) Annelida.<\/p>\n

Question 58.
\nIn which phylum do you find flame cells?
\nAnswer:
\nPlatyhelminthes.<\/p>\n

Question 59.
\nName a limbless amphibian
\nAnswer:
\nIcthyophis.<\/p>\n

Question 60.
\nMention the function of tube feet.
\nAnswer:
\nTubefeet are locomotory and respiratory in function.<\/p>\n

Question 61.
\nName the group,of animals that possess ostia.
\nAnswer:
\nPoriferans.<\/p>\n

Question 62.
\nWhat is tissue grade of body organisation?
\nAnswer:
\nIf an animal body made up of well defined tissues, then it is called tissue grade of body organisation. ,<\/p>\n

Question 63.
\nWhat is a pseudocoleom?
\nAnswer:
\nThe body space between the digestive tract and body-wall encloses a cavity which is not lined by epithelialayer is called a pseudocoelom.<\/p>\n

Question 64.
\nName a fresh water sponge.
\nAnswer:
\nSpongilla.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 65.
\nWhat is meant by holophytic nutrition?
\nAnswer:
\nPlant like nutrition which is carried out by photosynthesis, is called holophytic nutrition.<\/p>\n

Question 66.
\nGive an example for the class Hexactinellida?
\nAnswer:
\neg: Hyalonema.<\/p>\n

Question 67.
\nIn which phylum do you find flame cells?
\nAnswer:
\nPlatyhelminthes.<\/p>\n

Question 68.
\nWhat is moulting?
\nAnswer:
\nPeriodic casting off of exoskeleton in arthropods.<\/p>\n

Question 69.
\nGive an example for class scyphozoa?
\nAnswer:
\neg: Aurelia.<\/p>\n

Question 70.
\nWhat is meant by sexual dimorphism.
\nAnswer:
\nIf the male and female organisms can be distingusihed based on their external appeamce, it is called as sexual dimorphism.<\/p>\n

Question 71.
\nWhat is haemolymph?
\nAnswer:
\nThe colour less blood present in arthropods is called haemolymph.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 72.
\nWhich animal forms a connecting link between Annelida and Arthropoda?
\nAnswer:
\nPeripatus.<\/p>\n

Question 73.
\nWhat is mantle?
\nAnswer:
\nIt is a thick fold of skin covering the soft body of molluscs.<\/p>\n

Question 74.
\nGive an example for class monoplacophora?
\nAnswer:
\neg. Molluscs.<\/p>\n

Question 75.
\nGive an example for class monoplacophora?
\nAnswer:
\neg: Neopalina.<\/p>\n

Question 76.
\nWhat the main component of the shell in a mollusc?
\nAnswer:
\neg: Calcium carbonate.<\/p>\n

Question 77.
\nName the respiratory organ of molluscs.
\nAnswer:
\nGills or ctenidia.<\/p>\n

Question 78.
\nWhat are ommatidia?
\nAnswer:
\nThe subunits present in the compound eye of arthropoda, are called ommatidia.<\/p>\n

Question 79.
\nDefine cephalisation?
\nAnswer:
\nFormation of a distinct head by the fusion of anterior body segments is called as cephalisation.<\/p>\n

Question 80.
\nName the part secreting the shell in mollusca.
\nAnswer:
\nMantle.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 81.
\nProtozoans are considered as acellular animals. Why?
\nAnswer:
\nThe body of protozoans is made up of a mass of protoplasm, and is not differentiated into cells, therefore they are called as acellular animals.<\/p>\n

Question 82.
\nName the phylum in which a water vascular system is present?
\nAnswer:
\nEchinodermata.<\/p>\n

Question 83.
\nWhat are cold blooded animals?
\nAnswer:
\nAnimals which can adjust their body temperature according to their surroundings are called as coldblooded animals or poikilotherms.<\/p>\n

Question 84.
\nMention the function of malphigian tubules?
\nAnswer:
\nExcertion.<\/p>\n

Question 85.
\nName the respiratory organs of reptiles?
\nAnswer:
\nLungs.<\/p>\n

Question 86.
\nWhat is meant by cleodoic egg?
\nAnswer:
\nA fertilised egg which is covered by calcareous outer covering is called a cleodoic egg.<\/p>\n

Question 87.
\nHow many chambers are present in the heart of birds?
\nAnswer:
\nFour.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 88.
\nName the voice box of birds?
\nAnswer:
\nSyrinx.<\/p>\n

Question 89.
\nMention the class of whales?
\nAnswer:
\nMammals.<\/p>\n

Question 90.
\nName an egg laying mammal?
\nAnswer:
\nDuck bijled Platypus.<\/p>\n

Question 91.
\nWhat is polymorphism?
\nAnswer:
\nPresence of more than distnct morphological body forms in the- life cycle of an organism is called polymorphism.<\/p>\n

Question 92.
\nMention the locomotory organelles of annelids.
\nAnswer:
\nSetae on parapodia.<\/p>\n

Question 93.
\nName the larva of sponges?
\nAnswer:
\nAmphiblastula or parenchymula.<\/p>\n

Question 94.
\nWhat is metagenesis?
\nAnswer:
\nThe lifecycle of coelentrata exhibits alternation of the polyp and medusoid generations which is called metagenesis.<\/p>\n

Question 95.
\nWhat are pneumatic bones?
\nAnswer:
\nHollow bones filled with airsacs in birds is called as pneumatic bones.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 96.
\nWhat are amniotes?
\nAnswer:
\nChordates having an extraembryonic membrane called amnion, covering the embryo are called amniotes.<\/p>\n

Question 97.
\nGive an example for limbless reptile.
\nAnswer:
\nSnake.<\/p>\n

Question 98.
\nGive an example for pouched mammal.
\nAnswer:
\nKangaroo.<\/p>\n

Question 99.
\nWhat are diploblastic animals? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nAnimals whose body wall is made up of two germ layers, are called as diploblastic animals, eg: Hydra.<\/p>\n

Question 100.
\nDefine eucoelomate condition with an example?
\nAnswer:
\nPresence of a coelomic cavity lined by coelomic epithelium is called as eueoelomate condition.
\neg: Arthropoda.<\/p>\n

1st PUC Biology Animal Kingdom Two Marks Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat is bilateral symmetry? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nBilateral Symmetry: The body is divisible into two halves in only one lateral plane.
\neg: Platyhelminthes to chordates.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is haemocoel? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nHaemocoel is the body cavity of many invertebrates which includes arthropods and molluscs. It is found where the hemolymph circulates. Haemocoel is the fluid found in the circulatory system of phylum arthropoda.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat is organ system grade of body organisation? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nOrgan system grade: In this case, cells are grouped into tissue, tissues into organs and organs into organ systems. eg: Aschelminthes and other higher level animals.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is a spongocoel?
\nAnswer:
\nThe large cavity in the centre of a sponge body, is called spongocoel. Water entering spongocoel is sent out through osculum.<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nDefine radial symmetry and given an example.
\nAnswer:
\nRadial symmetry is one in which a body can be divided into a number of radial planes. That is, similar parts arranged around a central axis just like the spokes of a wheel.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nGive two characters of Phylum Platyhelminthes showing a higher body organisation seen than in coelentenates.
\nAnswer:
\nFlatworms are placed above coelenterata because of several advanced features like.
\n(a) Triploblastic. i.e., having three body layers namely ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.
\n(b) Nervous system, excretory system etc. are better developed.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is cephalisation? Give suitable examples.
\nAnswer:
\nDevelopment of head is called cephalisation. In the head, brain, sense organs are all concentrated. In annelids, arthropods, a few anterior segments combine to form the head.
\neg: (a) Nereis (b) Millipede.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is a Coelom? Describe.
\nAnswer:
\nThe cavity, present between the body wall and the digestive canal is called coelom. It is usually lined by coelomic epithelium, as in earthworm.
\nThey are 3 types:
\nSponges, coelentarates and flatworms are acoelomates. Nematodes are pseudocoelomates while annelids are eucoelomates.<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\nList out four unique characteristics of Phylum Mollusca.
\nAnswer:
\n(1) They have soft bodies and are unsegmented animals.
\n(2) They have an external shell.
\n(3) Body has a covering of mantle or pallium.
\n(4) Foot is ventral and muscular.<\/p>\n

Question 10.
\nList out four salient features of Phylum Porifera.
\nAnswer:
\nThe following are the salient features of Phylum Porifera.
\n(1) Sponges are multicellular animals. Their cells are not integrated to form tissue. Thus these exhibit cellular grade of body construction only.
\n(2) They are aquatic, and sedentary in habit. Majority of spionges are marine and inhabbit from shallow waters to a depth of 5,600 metres in oceanic water. A few are fresh water inhabitants.
\n(3) They may be solitary or colonial. The size and the shape a considerably, among members of different groups.
\n(4) There are numberious opening all over the body called ostia or dermal pores through
\nwhich, water enters the body.<\/p>\n

Question 11.
\nClassify the Phylum Porifera and give examples.
\nAnswer:
\nThe Phylum Porifera comprising sponges is classified into three classes i.e., Calcaria, Hexactinellida, and Demospongia.
\nClass 1. Calcaria: These are sponges with spicules made up of calcium,
\neg: (1) Sycon
\n(2) Grantia.<\/p>\n

Class 2. Hexactinellida: These have six spicules. Silica is the substance of the spicules,
\neg: (1) Venus flower basket
\n(2) Hyalonema.<\/p>\n

Class 3. Demospongia: This class includes sponges having spicules made up of silica or spongin or both.
\neg: (1) Spongilla
\n(2) Bath sponge.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 12.
\nHow useful is the study of Body cavity and coelom, in the classification of animals?
\nAnswer:
\nPresence or absence’of a cavity between the body wall and the gut wall, is very important in classification. The body cavity which is lined by coelomic epithelium is called Eucoelom. Animals possessing eucoelom are called Eucoelomates (e.g: Annelids, Molluscs, Echinoderms, Chordates etc).<\/p>\n

In some animals, body cavity is not lined’ by mesoderm lining of coelomic epithelium, but mesoderm is present as scattered pouches in between the ectoderm and endoderm. Such a body cavity is called pseudocoelom and these animals are Pseudocoelomates. In some animals, body cavity is absent and such animals are called Acoelomates.<\/p>\n

Question 13.
\nDistinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion?
\nAnswer:
\nIntracelluar Digestion: It occurs within the individual cells. Products of digestion, diffuse out into the surrounding cytoplasm.<\/p>\n

Extracellular Digestion: This occurs outside the individual cells, generally in a cavity. The products of digestion pass on to the transport system, for distribution and absorption by individual cells.<\/p>\n

Question 14.
\nWhat Is the difference between direct, and Indirect development?
\nAnswer:
\nDirect Development: In this case the young offsprings resemble the adult i.e., no intermediate stage, eg: Humans, Birds etc.<\/p>\n

Indirect Development: This case the young ones doesn\u2019t resemble the adult but undergo morphological changes to become adult, eg: Frogs go through the tadpole stage before becoming adult frogs. Butterflies have larvae and cocoon stage before becoming butterfly etc.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 15.
\nWhat are the peculiar features that you find in parasitic platyhelminthes?
\nAnswer:
\nSuckers and spines occur for attachment. Cuticle covering the body is resistant to digestive enzymes. Digestive organs, respiratory organs, circulatory system, sense organs and nervous system are simple or absent.<\/p>\n

Question 16.
\nCould the number of eggs of young ones by an oviparous and a viviparous mother be equal? Why?
\nAnswer:
\nNormally the number of eggs produced by oviparous is greater than that ones by viviparous. The development of young ones, in oviparous, takes place outside the mother whereas in the viviparous, the development of embryo takes place inside the uterus of mother hence a viviparous mother can have only a very limited number of embryos at a time in her uterus. Oviparous mother have no need to feed their young ones (embryos) until hatched. Hence, is large number.<\/p>\n

Question 17.
\nPrepare a list of some animals that are found parasitic on human beings.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Taenia (tapeworm)
\n(b) Fasciola (liver fluke).
\n(c) Ascaris (round worm)
\n(d) Wachereia (filaria worm).
\n(e) Ancylostoma (hook worm).
\n(f) Hirudinaria (blood sucking leech).<\/p>\n

Question 18.
\nWhat is sexual dimorphism? Give one example.
\nAnswer:
\nExternal morphological differentiation of male and female organisms within a species is called as sexual dimorphism, eg: Cockroach.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 19.
\nWhat is pseudocoelomate? Give one example.
\nAnswer:
\nCoelomic cavity which is not lined by non coelomic epithelium is called as pseudocoelomate condition, eg: Ascaris.<\/p>\n

Question 20.
\nClassify Phylum Annelida into various classes with examples.
\nAnswer:
\nPhylum Annelida is classified into 3 classes, based on the locomotory organelles Namely,
\n(a) Class polychaeta. eg: Nereis.
\n(b) Class oligochaeta. eg: Earthworm.
\n(c) Class hirudinea. eg: Hirudinaria.<\/p>\n

Question 21.
\nDefine Metamerism and Cephalisation?
\nAnswer:
\nMetamerism : If the animal body is divided into definite segments which are similar it is called as metamerism.
\nCephalization : It is the formation of a distinct head in the anterior part of the animal body, eg: Annelida.<\/p>\n

Question 22.
\nName the extra-embryonic membranes of reptiles.
\nAnswer:
\nAmnion and Allantois.
\nMention the functions of the following:
\n(a) Trachea – Respiration in Anthropoda.
\n(b) Flame cells – Excretory organs of platyhelmirithes.
\n(c) Suckers – Help in attachment to the host body.
\n(d) Contractile vacuole – Osmoregulation and excretion.<\/p>\n

Question 23.
\nWrite any four salient features of class Aves.
\nAnswer:
\nclass Aves.
\nBirds (Aves) are warm-blooded vertebrates with a constant body temperature, and with an exoskeleton of feathers. Feathers are nothing but completely modified epidermal scales (of reptiles). Aves resemble reptiles, and at the same time, they are extremely modified, and superior to them. Hence. birds are also kni as \u201cGlorified Reptiles\u201d.
\n1. Birds are homeothermic (warm\u2019blooded) animals.
\n2. Body is boat shaped and is adaptad in such a way as to offer the least resistance while flying.
\n3. Body is differe\u00f1tiated into a head, long neck, a trunk and a short tail.
\n4. Body is covered by feathers, which provide insulation.
\n5. Forelinibs are modified into wings for flight. Wings are provided with feathers, which are
\nbad conductors of heat.
\n6. The hind limbs are shifted forwards to balance the body while walking. They are variously modified for perching, walking. running, swimming etc.,
\n7. Hind limbs have 4 toes and are covered. with epidermal scales.
\n8. Endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony). Bones are tubular and hollow fond have air cavities or air sacs (pneumatic bones).
\n9. Bones of the skull are fused.
\n10. Jaws are devoid of teeth but covered by horny sheaths and are modified to form a beak.
\n11. Beak is variously modified to suit the individual food habits.<\/p>\n

Question 24.
\nWrite any four differences between chordates and non-chordates.
\nAnswer:
\nName the phyla in which you come across the following:
\n(a) Gastro vasular cavity – Coelenterate.
\n(b) Pseudocoel – Nematoda.
\n(c) Jointed legs – Arthropoda.
\n(d) Flame cells – Platyhelminthes.<\/p>\n

Question 25.
\nClassify Phylum Porifera with an example for each class.
\nAnswer:
\nThe phylum porifera include the sp\u00f3nges, which are primitive multicellular animals without
\nany true tissues or organs.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

General characters:-
\n1. Sponges are all aquatic. Majority of them are marine and some are found in fresh waters.
\n2. Sponges are either solitary or colonial.
\n3. They are sedentary animals found attached to any suitable substratum.
\n4. The shape of the body v\u00e2ries considerably. Some are cylindrical or vase shaped, a few are star shaped, finger like some are and even irregular forms are present<\/p>\n

Question 26.
\nClassify Phylum Coelenterata with an example for each class.
\nAnswer:
\nMembers of this up are multicellular with a tissue grade of organisation, therefore they are included in the sub kingdom. (Bumetazoa).<\/p>\n

General characters:
\n1. Coelenterates are all aq\u00f9atic, most of them are marine and a few are fresh watcr forms.
\n2. Members are multicellular and the cells are compactly arranged to form defmite tissues.
\n3. Coelenterates exhibit radial symmetry.
\n4. These organisms have two germ layers viz, outer ectoderm and inner endoderm, and thus they are diploblastic. Between these two cellular germ layers, is a thick non-celluar gelatinous mesoglea.
\n5. Tw\u00f3 distinct types of individuals are seen in poly or hydra like (hydroid) type and the medusoid type.
\n6. Some forms exhibit polymorphism (eg: Obelia).<\/p>\n

Question 27.
\nClassify Phylum Platyhelminthes with an example for each class.
\nAnswer:
\nPhylum Platyhelminthes
\n1. They are free living (aquatic or terrestrial) or parasitic.
\n2. Members of the phylum have a soft vermiform, dorsoventrally flattened, leaf like or tape like body.
\n3. Symmetry is bilateral, an anterior or head end, or posterior or tail end, an upper or dorsal surface, a lower or ventral surface, right and left sides can be recognised.
\n4. They are triploblastic. The body wall posseses three distinct germ layers viz ectoderm,encloderm and mesoderm.
\n5. They are acoelomates, that is a definite coelom \u00a1s absent. Body space between the various organs are filled with parenchyma cells.
\n6. The body wall consists of a single layered epidermis, which is ciliated in free living forms, while in parasitic forms a tough cuticle is present.
\n7. Flat worms show cephalisation (that is formation of head).
\n8. Flat worms have definite organs and hence these are the first animals with organ grade of organisation.<\/p>\n

Question 28.
\nName the phyla in which the following are present.
\n(a) Spicules – Phylum Porifera.
\n(b) Flamecells – Phylum Platyhelminthes.
\n(c) Shell – Phylum Mollusca.
\n(d) Ostia – Phylum Porifera.<\/p>\n

Question 29.
\nName the phyla in which the following are present
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Tube feet – Phylum Echinodermata.
\n(b) Parapodia – Phylum Annelida.
\n(c) Pseudopodia – Phylum Protozoa.
\n(d) Stinging cells – Phylum Coelentarata.<\/p>\n

Question 30.
\nWhat are acoelmates? Give an example.
\nAnswer:
\nAnimals without body cavity are called acoelmates.
\nExample: Platyhelminithes.<\/p>\n

Question 33.
\nMention the level of animal classification based on body cavity.
\nAnswer:
\nOn the basis of body cavity, animals can be classified into the following.
\n(1) Acoelmates e.g: platyheminthes.
\n(2) Pseudocoelomate e.g: aschelminthes.
\n(3) Coelomates e.g: annelida to chordata.<\/p>\n

Question 34.
\nDefine hermophrodites with an example.
\nAnswer:
\nHermophrodites are animals which both the sex organs e.g: Annelida.<\/p>\n

Question 35.
\nName the two basic body forms of cnidarians?
\nAnswer:
\n(1) Polyp form (asexual reproduction).
\n(2) Medusoid form (sexual reproduction).<\/p>\n

Question 36.
\nDefine metagenesis with an example.
\nAnswer:
\nAlternation of generation is called metagenesis.
\nExample: Coelentrates.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

Question 37.
\nWhat are the functions of comb plates?
\nAnswer:
\nThe eight comb plates help in locomotion.<\/p>\n

1st PUC Biology Animal Kingdom Three Marks Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat are the reasons that you can think for the Arthropoda to constitute the largest group of the animal kingdom?
\nAnswer:The following might be the reasons for the arthropods to be the largest group of animal kingdom.
\n(1) They are the first phylum to have well developed digestive, circulatory and respiratory systems.
\n(2) Their body is covered by ch itinous exoskeleton which helps them survive extreme conditions.
\n(3) They are usually small and reproduce heavily compared to all other phyla and hence constitute a higher number.
\n(4) They have highly developed sensory organs like antenna, eyes (compound and simple) statocysts etc., which helps them keep themselves safe from predators. Arthropoda can be found every where in the world, even in the volcanic springs where survival is of greater challenge. They are present in water, air and on land and they have evolved themselves to suit to all conditions.
\n(5) They are omnivores and can feed on both plant and animal matter.
\n(6) Organisms are present in all the types of habitats i.e., aquatic, terrestrial and arboreal.<\/p>\n

1st PUC Biology Animal Kingdom Five Marks Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nList the salient features of Phylum Annelida.
\nAnswer:
\nAnnelida and the remaining phyla under kingdom Animalia posses a true body cavity, hence are included under the grade eucoelomata.<\/p>\n

A principal feature of this phylum is the division of the body into similar parts or segments or metameres, marked externally by transverse grooves and internally by septa. Each segment or metamere posses the representatives of all the organs of the body namely blood vessels, \u2018muscles, nerves, excretory and reproductive organs. This phenomenon is known as . segmentation or metamerism,<\/p>\n

Annelids show cephalisatiqn union of a few of the anterior body segments to form a head which is specialised by the development of nervous, sensory and feeding structures.<\/p>\n

General characters:-
\n1. Annelids are mostly aquatic-either marine or fresh water forms. Some are terrestrial-burrowing, free living Or sedentary forms. A few are ectoparasites.<\/p>\n

2. Annelids are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, eucoelomate and segmented animals.<\/p>\n

3. The body is soft, cylindrical or dorsoventrally flattened, vermiform with cephalisation at the anterior end.<\/p>\n

4. The body is protected by a thin cuticle which is secreted by the underlying epidermal cells.<\/p>\n

5. The body wall is dermo muscular (dermis with muscle cells or .fibres), therefore can twist and turn or highly contractile in nature.<\/p>\n

6. Body cavity is a true coelom lined by coelomic epithelium, the coelom is formed by splitting of embryonic mesoderm and hence it is described as \u2018schizocoelous\u2019 or \u2018schizocoelic\u2019 made of formation and the coelom as \u2018schizocoeP.<\/p>\n

7. Digestive system is a straight tubular structure and is complete with a mouth and anus. It
\nalso shows regional differentiation into parts like buccal cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, gizzard, intestine and rectum. \u2019
\nThe digestive system shows segmental specialisation.<\/p>\n

8. Annelids are the first group having blood vascular system. A definite circulatory system
\nor blood vascular system is present which consists of blood and blood vessels. Blood flows only in definite blood vessels, hence the circulatory system is described as \u2018closed type\u2019 of circulatory system. Blood is red in colour due to the presence of haemoglobin in the plasma,<\/p>\n

9. Respiration occurs by simple diffusion through the body surface or through respiratory
\nstructures called gills.<\/p>\n

10. Excretory system consists of coiled ectodermal tubes called nephridia, though which excretion takes place.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

11. The nervous system is well developed consisting of a nerve ring and a double ventral nerve cord.<\/p>\n

12. Characteristic locomotory structures are usually present, either in the form of chitinOus setae or fleshly lateral extensions called parapodia.<\/p>\n

13. Reproduction is usually by sexual mode. Members may be either bisexual or unisexual.<\/p>\n

14. Development may be direct or indirect, where the larval stage present is represented by a trochophore larva.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nEnumerate general characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda.
\nAnswer:
\n1. The phylum Arthropoda is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom. It includes more than 80% of all. the known animals. They are found in marine, terrestrial and aerial habitats.
\n2. They are the only major invertebrates adapted to live on dry land.
\n3. Insects among arthropods are the only invertebrates capable of flight. More than about10,00,000 species of arthropods have been described so far.<\/p>\n

General characters:-
\n1. Arthropods are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, metamerically segmented and eucoelomates.<\/p>\n

2. Segmentation of the body is less apparent and the number of segments is fewer in number.<\/p>\n

3. They show the highest degree of cephalisation, that is formation of a well developed head.
\nHead is usually formed by the fusion of six body segments. Following the head region is the trunk which is usually divisible into an anterior thorax and a posterior abdomen.<\/p>\n

4. Their body segment usually bears paired lateral and jointed appendages. A segment of the appendage is known as podomere. The appendages are variously modified in different groups and even in different parts of the same animal. A few appendages close to the mouth are modified into jaws and are helpful in feeding. A few appendages are sensory in function\u00a0 Some appendages helpjri locomotion. Due to the presence of jointed appendages or legs for locomotion, the phylum gets the name Arthropoda, which means jointed feet.<\/p>\n

5. Their body is covered externally by an exoskeleton made up of chitinous cuticle. In each segment, the chitinous cuticle forms a dorsal convex tergum, a ventral sternum and two lateral pleura.<\/p>\n

6. The exoskeleton is periodically cast off, and regrown at regular intervals. This is redundant. This periodic casting off of the exoskeleton is known as ecdysis or moulting.
\nThe presence of chitinous exoskeleton does not permit free growth of the animal, to over come this problem, the exoskeleton is periodically cast off.
\nThe stages between the series of moults are called instars. The animal grows during intervals between successive moults.<\/p>\n

7. Muscles are present, which are segmentally arranged in bundles.<\/p>\n

8. The body cavity is filed with blood and such a cavity or coelom is known as a hemocoel.
\nThe hemocoel doesn\u2019t bear the lining of coelomic epithelium.. The true coelom is reduced and is confined to the spaces of excretory and genital organs.<\/p>\n

\"1st<\/p>\n

9. The digestive system is well developed and is complete with a mouth and a posterior anus. Mouth parts trophi surrounding the mouth are used in feeding.<\/p>\n

10. The circulatory system is of open type, where the blood flows through a system of ill defined channels or sinuses. The various organs are indeed bathed in blood. Hemocoel is a part of open circulatory system. A dorsal pulsatile heart is present.<\/p>\n

11. Respiration is either through body surface through gills or through trachea or book lungs.<\/p>\n

12. Excretion takes place through green glands [coelomic duct] or by malpighian tubules. The nitrogenous waste products are excreted “4n the form of uric acid.<\/p>\n

13. Nervous system consists of paired dorsal cerebral ganglia forming brain and a double ventral nerve cord with segmental ganglia.<\/p>\n

14. Sense organs comprise of simple eyes or compound eyes with mosaic vision, chemoreceptors and tactile sense organs.<\/p>\n

15. In some forms, the endocrine glands are well developed. Even moulting is under the control of a hormone called ecdysone, secreted by the endocrine glands.<\/p>\n

16. Sexes are usually separate and a few exhibit sexual dimorphism. Fertilised eggs are yolky enclosed in a shell. Fertilisation is generally internal.<\/p>\n

17. Development may be direct or indirect. When indirect, the larval forms undergo varying degrees of metamorphosis to become adult ones.<\/p>\n

18. Majority of the forms are oviparous.<\/p>\n

Classifications: .
\nPhylum Arthropods is divided into the following classes:-
\n1. Class: Crustacea: [crusta – hard shell], eg: Prawn,lobsters, crab etc.
\n2. Class: Insects or Hexapoda [Insecterm – cut into], eg: Butterfly, honey bee etc.
\n3. Class: Diplopoda [Diplos – double, podos – feet], eg: Julus (millipede).
\n4. Class: Chilopoda. eg: Centipede.
\n5. Class: Arachnids, eg: Scorpion, spider etc.
\n6. Class: Onychophora. eg: Peripatus.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nList the salient features of Phylum Porifera.
\nAnswer:
\n1. Sponges are all aquatic. Majority of them are marine and some are found in fresh waters.<\/p>\n

2. Sponges are either solitary or colonial.<\/p>\n

3. They are sedentary animals found attached to any suitable substratum.<\/p>\n

4. The shape of the body varies considerably. Some are cylindrical or vase shaped, a few are star shaped, fingerlike some are and even irregular forms are present<\/p>\n

5. The surface of the body is perforated by numerous miflute pores, called ostia or dermal pores through which water enters the body. These ostia lead to inter communicating canal system of the body (which maintains the flow of water current) and finally into the central cavity called the spongocoel or paragastric cavity. Spongocoel opens to the outside by one or two large openings called<\/p>\n

6. The body wall consists of an outer dermal layer or pinnacoderm and an inner gastral layer or choanoderm. In between these two layers a gelatinous mesenchyme is present, eg: The dermal layer is composed of thin flattened polygonal cells called pinacocytes which ate compactly arranged.<\/p>\n

7. The gastral layer contains choanocytes or collar , cells. Each choanocyte is round or oval with a large nucleus and a flagellum. These choanocytes are found living in spongocoel. The gelatinous mesenchyme contains free amoeboid cells of various types.<\/p>\n