1st PUC Geography Landforms One Mark Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
Question 1.
\nWhat is geomorphic process? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe process carried out by Endogenic and Exogenic forces are called as geomorphic process.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nDefine Diastrophism? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nAll processes that move, elevate or build up portions of the earth\u2019s crust are called diastrophism.<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nMention the force responsible for mass movement? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nGravity is responsible for mass movement.<\/p>\n
Question 4.
\nWhat is Endogenic Forces?
\nAnswer:
\nThe internal forces are also known as endogenic forces. These are mainly the land building forces.<\/p>\n
![\"KSEEB](\"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/KSEEB-Solutions-300x28.png\")
<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nWhat is Exogenic Forces?
\nAnswer:
\nThe external forces are also known as external forces. These are found on the surface of the Earth.<\/p>\n
Question 6.
\nWhat is weathering? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of disintegration and decomposition of rocks is known as \u201cWeathering\u201d.<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nName any two factors of Mechanical weathering? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nTemperature, frost and wind are the factors of Mechanical weathering.<\/p>\n
Question 8.
\nHow does granular disintegration occur?( T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nRocks consist of different types of minerals. Some minerals get heated faster than others. As a result of differential expansion of minerals, the rocks break up into mineral grains. This is called granular disintegration.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nWhat is the role of oxygen in Oxidation? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe rain water with oxygen, reacts on rocks containing iron and produce oxides. This chemical reaction is known as \u201coxidation\u201d.<\/p>\n
Question 10.
\nWhich region is predominant in Carbonation? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nCarbonation is very active in limestone regions.<\/p>\n
Question 11.
\nWhat is mechanical weathering?
\nAnswer:
\nDisintegration of rocks into smaller pieces by mechanical agents is known as mechanical weathering<\/p>\n
Question 12.
\nWhat kind of weathering is predominant in the limestone regions?
\nAnswer:
\nChemical weathering<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 13.
\nWhy the process of rocks disintegration is called weathering?
\nAnswer:
\nThe process is carried various elements like carbon dioxide and also by various organisms.<\/p>\n
Question 14.
\nWhat are the important types of weathering?
\nAnswer:
\nThere are three types of weathering<\/p>\n
- \n
- Mechanical weathering<\/li>\n
- Chemical weathering<\/li>\n
- Biological weathering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 15.
\nWhich zone is the sources of weathering?
\nAnswer:
\nLithospheres the zone of weathering.<\/p>\nQuestion 16.
\nWhich type of weathering is mining?
\nAnswer:
\nMining is a type of Biological weathering.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 17.
\nWhich type of weathering is oxidation?
\nAnswer:
\nOxidation is a type of chemical weathering<\/p>\nQuestion 18.
\nMention the types of chemical process of weathering?
\nAnswer:
\nOxidation, Carbonization, Hydration and solution are the major types of chemical weathering.<\/p>\nQuestion 19.
\nMention the types of Block disintegration of rocks?
\nAnswer:
\nBlock disintegration is a type of mechanical weathering.<\/p>\nQuestion 20.
\nWhat is River capture? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nIt is formed mainly due to head-ward erosion by the river near its source. When the source of a river is captured by another major and strong river it is called \u2018River Capture\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 21.
\nHow are Ox-bow lakes formed? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe river which flows through the shorter route leaving the curve of the meander cut off and, crescent-shaped lake is formed known as\u2018Ox-bow lakes\u2019.<\/p>\nQuestion 22.
\nWhat is denudation?
\nAnswer:
\nThe wearing away of the surface of the earth by natural agents is known as denudation.<\/p>\nQuestion 23.
\nWhat is Sculpturing of the earth?
\nAnswer:
\nLarge landmass is uplifted by various internal forces of the earth, the subaerial agents begin to wear and reshape it. It is known as Sculpturing of the earth\u2019s surface.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 24.
\nWhat are the agents of denudation?
\nAnswer:
\nRiver, glacier, underground water, winds, sea waves are the major agents of denudation.<\/p>\nQuestion 25.
\nWhich denudation agent is formed V shaped valleys?
\nAnswer:
\nRiver denudation is formed v shaped valleys.<\/p>\nQuestion 26.
\nDefine the source of the river?
\nAnswer:
\nThe place of its origin of the river is called a source of the river<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 27.
\nDefine the Mouth of the river?
\nAnswer:
\nThe place where the river reaches its end or sea is called the mouth of the river.<\/p>\nQuestion 28.
\nWhere the natural levees are found?
\nAnswer:
\nNatural levees are found in lower course of the river.<\/p>\nQuestion 29.
\nWhat type of lakes is found in the flood plain?
\nAnswer:
\nOx-bow Lake is found in the flood plain.<\/p>\nQuestion 30.
\nWhat is Course of river?
\nAnswer:
\nThe path of the river in which it flows from its source to its mouth is called Course of the River.’<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 31.
\nWhat is River Mouth?
\nAnswer:
\nThe place where the river meets or drains into a sea or an ocean is called River mouth.<\/p>\nQuestion 32.
\nWhat is River Basin?
\nAnswer:
\nThe area drained by a river, and its tributaries including distributaries form \u201cRiver basin\u201d.<\/p>\nQuestion 33.
\nWhat is Water divide?
\nAnswer:
\nA ridge of high land which separate two river (stream) system is called \u2018Water shed\u2019.<\/p>\nQuestion 34.
\nWhat is confluence?
\nAnswer:
\nThe place where a tributary river joins the main river or another river is called confluence.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 35.
\nWhat is Erosion?
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of wearing and taking away the part of rock is known as \u2018Erosion\u2019.<\/p>\nQuestion 36.
\nWhat is Catchment Area?
\nAnswer:
\nIt is the region from which a river or stream receives water from different sources.<\/p>\nQuestion 37.
\nWhat are the three stages of a river course?
\nAnswer:
\nYouth stage, mature stage and old stage are the three stages of a river course.<\/p>\nQuestion 38.
\nWhat are the three types of works of agents of denudation?
\nAnswer:
\nErosion, transportation and deposition are the three stages of denudation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 39.
\nWhat is a drainage basin?
\nAnswer:
\nThe entire region through which a river flows with its tributaries is called the river basin.<\/p>\nQuestion 40.
\nWhat is limnology?
\nAnswer:
\nThe scientific study of lakes and ponds with respect to their physical, chemical and biological.<\/p>\nQuestion 41.
\nIn which stage of the river waterfalls are found?
\nAnswer:
\nIn upper course or Youth stage waterfalls are formed.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 42.
\nWho used the term of Delta for the first time in the world?
\nAnswer:
\nThe term delta was first used by the Greek historian Herodotus.<\/p>\nQuestion 43.
\nWhat are the pot holes?
\nAnswer:
\nThe irregular river bed with boulders, the river water develops spirals and whirlpools. The rock pieces during circulation along with water grind out circular holes in the bed rocks. They are known as pot holes.<\/p>\nQuestion 44.
\nWhich is the highest water fall in the world?
\nAnswer:
\nAngel falls of Venezuela (Orinoco River) is the highest water fall in the world.<\/p>\nQuestion 45.
\nOn which river is Niagara Falls found?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Niagara Falls, located on the Niagara River draining Lake Erie into lake Ontario in the North America.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 46.
\nWhy denudation is also called degradation?
\nAnswer:
\nThe word denudation is used to denote the process of wearing away of the earth\u2019s surface. It includes the process of degradation.<\/p>\nQuestion 47.
\nWhat is river confluence?
\nAnswer:
\nThe point where the river joins the other is called confluence.<\/p>\nQuestion 48.
\nMention the types of delta?
\nAnswer:
\nAccurate or triangular delta and Bird foot delta are the major type of delta<\/p>\nQuestion 49.
\nWhat is floatation?
\nAnswer:
\nThe light material like wood floats down the river. This is known as Floatation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 50.
\nWhat is Siltation?
\nAnswer:
\nSmall fragments of rocks move downward by leaping and jumping along the bed of a river. This work is known siltation.<\/p>\nQuestion 51.
\nWhat is suspension?
\nAnswer:
\nFine powder like mud or salt is suspended in water and is carried away to a great distance. This work is known as suspension.<\/p>\nQuestion 52.
\nWhat is solution?
\nAnswer:
\nChemicals like lime are dissolved in waster and are carried in solution form. This work is known as solution.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 53.
\nWhat is Traction?
\nAnswer:
\nBigger rock pieces like gravels, pebbles and boulders are dragged or rolled along the bed by the force of running water and these rock prices also help in the work of erosion. This process is known as traction.<\/p>\n1st PUC Geography Landforms Two Marks Questions And Answers<\/h3>\n
Question 1.
\nState the difference between Endogenic and Exogenic forces? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThese are mainly the land building forces. Diastrophisnr includes all these processes tat move, elevate or build portions of the earth\u2019s crust. The internal forces are also known as endogenic forces.<\/p>\nThese forces are found on the surface of the Earth, Which bring changes through degradation and aggradations process. River, glacier, wind, sea waves are the major sources of external forces.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nWhat is Mass movement? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nMass movement includes a variety of gravity induced movements of slope material, but excludes transportation by running water, wind, and glacier. Transfer of one mass of rock debris down the slopes is the regular activity of mass movement. Rockfall, talus, Earth flows, landslides, are the major forms of mass movements.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 3.
\nName any two types of weathering processes? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of disintegration and decomposition of rocks is known as \u201cWeathering\u201d. Temperature, pressure, rainfall, frost, wind, plants, animals, and human beings are responsible for weathering.<\/p>\nQuestion 4.
\nDistinguish between Oxidation and Hydration? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:<\/p>\nThe rain water with oxygen reacts on rocks containing iron and produce oxides. This chemical reaction is known as Oxidation.<\/p>\n
The rock minerals take up water, the increased volume creates physical stress within the rock. As a result certain minerals like feldspar and gypsum are reduced into powder. This process is called \u201cHydration\u201d.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 5.
\nHow does Biological weathering take place? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe roots of the plant grow through soil and in the cracks of rocks to find water and minerals. As the roots grow deep in the rock they widen and disintegrate the rocks, The burrowing animals like rats, rabbits, ants influence in the braking up of rocks. The human activities on the earth surface like mining, agriculture, quarrying, and deforestation rocks are disintegrated on a large scale.<\/p>\nQuestion 6.
\nName any two types of weathering processes? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nPhysical weathering and chemical weathering are the major types of weathering.<\/p>\nQuestion 7.
\nDistinguish between Oxidation and Hydration? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe rain water with oxygen reacts on rocks containing iron and produce oxides. This chemical ‘ reaction is known as Oxidation.<\/p>\nThe rock minerals take up water, the increased volume creates physical stress within the rock. As a result certain minerals like feldspar and gypsum are reduced into powder. This process is called \u201cHydration\u201d.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 8.
\nHow does Biological weathering take place? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe roots of the plant grow through soil and in the cracks of rocks to find water and minerals. As the roots grow deep in the rock they widen and disintegrate the rocks. The burrowing animals like rats, rabbits, ants influence in the braking up of rocks. The human activities on the earth surface like mining, agriculture, quarrying, and deforestation rocks are disintegrated on a large scale.<\/p>\nQuestion 9.
\nWhat is solution?
\nAnswer:
\nRain water is able to dissolve certain minerals in the soil, such as potash, rock salt and gypsum. Then, minerals are taken to the lower layers of the soil and the rock\u2019s chemical composition changes. This process is called solution. This happens in very wet regions.<\/p>\nQuestion 10.
\nWhat is block disintegration?
\nAnswer:
\nDue to temperature variation, there is continuous expansion and contraction in the rocks causing tension and stress. Later these rocks disintegrate into blocks known as \u2018Block distintegration\u2019.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 11.
\nWhat is granular disintegration?
\nAnswer:
\nRocks consist of different types of minerals. Some minerals get heated faster than others. As a result of differential expansion of minerals, the rocks break up into mineral grains. This is called granular disintegration.<\/p>\nQuestion 12.
\nWhat is chemical weathering?
\nAnswer:
\nChemical weathering causes decay and decomposition of rocks. It is carried out chiefly by rain water atmospheric gases as well as minerals of the rocks. Chemical weathering reduced the size of rocks and also results in decomposition.<\/p>\nQuestion 13.
\nWhat is Exfoliation?
\nAnswer:
\nDue to the heat of the Sun, outer surface of rocks gets heated up, but inside it remains almost cool. This makes the rock to expand and crack. The think layer of rocks peeis off, like the peeling of an onion. This process is called \u201cExfoliation\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 14.
\nWhat Hydration?
\nAnswer:
\nThe rock minerals take up water, the increased volume creates physical stress within the rock. As a result certain minerals like feldspar and gypsum are reduced into powder. This process is called \u201cHydration\u201d.<\/p>\nQuestion 15.
\nMention two agents of mechanical weathering.
\nAnswer:
\nTemperature, frost, wind, gravitation and sea-waves are the agents of mechanical weathering.<\/p>\nQuestion 16.
\nMention any two agents of denudation? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe natural agents which are responsible for the modeling and shaping of the Earth\u2019s surface are called \u201cAgents of Denudation\u201d.<\/p>\n- \n
- River-Its activity is common in the drainage regions<\/li>\n
- Glaciers- Its activity is widespread in the polar and high mountain regions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>\n
Question 17.
\nWhat is Canyon? Give example? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nIt is a wide, deep and steep valley almost with vertical walls like feature found in the arid or semi arid regions is called \u2018Canyon\u2019 eg. Grand Canyon of River Colorado in USA.<\/p>\nQuestion 18.
\nDistinguish between Meanders and Ox-bow lakes? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nIn the plain section, the river flows slowly because of gentle slopes heavy load. In this course even with a little abstruction, the river takes a turn rather than eroding. Such \u2018S\u2019 shaped curves of the-river are called meanders.
\nThe river which flows through the shorter route leaving the curve of the meander cut off and crescent shaped lake is formed known as Ox-bow lakes.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 19.
\nWhat is Delta? Name any two types of delta? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nA triangular shaped alluvial deposition formed at the mouth of the river is called \u2018Delta. Important types of deltas are a. Arcuate or common delta b. Bird-foot delta<\/p>\nQuestion 20.
\nMention the difference between Tributaries and Distributaries? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nA tributary is that river which joins the main river and increases the volume of water. It is generally found in the upper or the middle course of a river, eg. Yamuna is the main tributary of Ganga.<\/p>\nA distributary is that river which originates from a main river. It is formed near the river\u2019s mouth before it falls into the sea. It is found in the lower course of the river. Eg. Hooghly is the main distributary of the Ganga.<\/p>\n
Question 21.
\nWhat is Erosion? Mention the types of erosion.
\nAnswer:
\nThe process of wearing and taking away the part of rock is known as \u2018Erosion\u2019. There are two types of erosion, a. Mechanical erosion b. Chemical erosion.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 22.
\nWhat are Gorges?
\nAnswer:
\nAs a result of vertical down cutting of the river, particularly in the resistant rock beds, the valleys are deep with steep sided walls known as gorges. For example rivers like Indus, Brahmaputra has carved out deep gorges in the Himalayan Mountains while entering India.<\/p>\nQuestion 23.
\nWhat is triangular delta?
\nAnswer:
\nThese are most common in every continent of the world. The Nile delta is a best example. Most of the India Rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal have formed Arcuarate Delta.<\/p>\nQuestion 24.
\nWhat is Bird foot delta?
\nAnswer:
\nIt resembles the talons of a bird and is formed with the deposition of finer sediments carried down by the river in suspension. The delta of Missippi is a best example of this type.<\/p>\nQuestion 25.
\nWhat is Corrosion?
\nAnswer:
\nThe beds or sides of the river are scratched or cut with the help of the load that the river carries. Thus the valleys are depended or widened. This is called corrosion or abrasion.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 26.
\nWhat is Attrition?
\nAnswer:
\nThe rock pieces carried by the river dash against each other and break into smaller pieces, and are rounded to form pebbles. This is called attrition.<\/p>\nQuestion 27.
\nWhat are rapids?
\nAnswer:
\nThese features are formed as a result of unequal erosion of different rock beds of the river course. When soft and hard layers are arranges vertically one after the other, soft riverbeds are more eroded than the hard layers. So the water jumps over the hard layer. If the jumps are small they are known as rapids.<\/p>\nQuestion 28.
\nWhat is transportation?
\nAnswer:
\nThe rock pieces carried by the river form the load. Steep slopes and large volume of water help the transportation of the load. Lighter marital is carried further down the river than heavier material.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 29.
\nWhat are Alluvial fans?
\nAnswer:
\nA fan-shaped land form, composed of alluvium deposits, formed where a river enters a main valley form a mountain area or a gently sloping plain is called alluvial fan.<\/p>\nQuestion 30.
\nWhat are ox-bow lakes?
\nAnswer:
\nA small crescent-shaped lake in a flood plain of a river’is called ox-bow Lake.<\/p>\nQuestion 31.
\nWhat is Meanders?
\nAnswer:
\nA curve or loop in the course of a river channel is called river meander. The bends in the river are called meanders.<\/p>\nQuestion 32.
\nWhat is a natural levee?
\nAnswer:
\nNatural embankments built up by a river along the edge of its channels are known as natural levees. These are formed during floods.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 33.
\nWhat is the erosional work of the river as an agent of denudation?
\nAnswer:
\nErosion: Erosion is the wearing away of the land surface. It is faster, if the slope is steep, the volume of Water is more. The speed of the flow is great and the rocks are soft. The erosion work of river consists of four actions. Hydraulic, abrasion, attrition on and solution.<\/p>\nQuestion 34.
\nWhat is Hydraulic action?
\nAnswer:
\nThis is mechanical action done by running waster by wasting away the loose rock material which is disintegrated due to weathering. This process is called hydraulic action<\/p>\nQuestion 35.
\nWhat is Abrasion?
\nAnswer:
\nThe beds or sides of the river are scattered or cut with the help of the load that the river carries. Thus the valleys are deepened or widened. This is called abrasion.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 36.
\nWhat are the Iandforras formed in Erosion work of rivers:
\nAnswer:
\nThe erosion work of rivers forms certain kinds of landforms. They are V shaped valleys gorges, canyons, waterfalls, rapids, cascades and pot holes.
\nV = Shaped valley: A river with v cross section is called V shaped valley.
\nGorgers: A very deep and narrow valley with very steep sides is known a s a gorge<\/p>\nQuestion 37.
\nWhat is Canyons?
\nAnswer:
\nDeep valleys with step, almost vertical walls are called canyons
\nWaterfall: A vertical drop of water from a great height along the course of a river is called a waterfall.<\/p>\nQuestion 38.
\nWhat is potomology?
\nAnswer:
\nThe scientific study of rivers.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 39.
\nWhat is Cascades?
\nAnswer:
\nA series.of rapids bit and small, are known as cascades.<\/p>\nQuestion 40.
\nWhat are the processes of Transportation by river?
\nAnswer:
\nRivers transport rock pieces form one placed to another. This is known as transportation. The rock materials carried by the river from the upper course to the lower course are called the load of the river. Steep slopes and larger volume of water help the transportation of the load. The river caries its load in four different ways. They are: flotation and siltation, suspension, solution and traction.<\/p>\nQuestion 41.
\nWhat is Flotation and saltation?
\nAnswer:
\nThe light material like wood floats owns the river. This is known as floatation. Some fragments of the rocks move downward by leaping and jumping along the bed of a river. This is known as saltation.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 42.
\nWhat is Suspension?
\nAnswer:
\nSome particles like mud or salt is suspended in water and is carried away to a greater distance. This is known as suspension<\/p>\nQuestion 43.
\nWhat is load?
\nAnswer:
\nThe rock materials and eroded particles carried by a river is called load.<\/p>\nQuestion 44.
\nWhat is Traction
\nAnswer:
\nBigger rock pieces like gravel,-pebbles, boulders etc. are dragged and rolled along the bed by the force of running water. This process is called traction.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 45.
\nWhat is alluvial fan?
\nAnswer:
\nA fan shaped land form, composed of alluvium deposits. Formed where a river enters a main valley from a mountain area or a gently sloping plain is called alluvial fan.<\/p>\nQuestion 46.
\nWhat is Flood plain?
\nAnswer:
\nA low-lying land that borders a river which has been formed form the deposition of sediments carried down by the river is called \u201cflood plain\u201d.<\/p>\nQuestion 47.
\nWhat are potholes?
\nAnswer:
\nThese are the small depressions in the rocky beds of the river valley. They are formed by corrosion. Pebbles, sand and small rocks are carried by the river swirled around on the river bed.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n1st PUC Geography Landforms Five Marks Questions And Answers<\/h3>\n
Question 1.
\nWhat is landform? Explain the different types of geomorphic processes. ?(T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nA land form is any natural formation of rock and dirt, found on the earth. A landform can be as. large as a mountain range or as small as a hill. Landforms are natural features of the landscape, natural physical features of the earth\u2019s surface eg. Valleys, plateaus, Mountains, plains, hills loess plains. The minor landforms include hills, ridges, valleys, basin etc. According to Geo-scientist the landforms are formed by the forces acting from the interior and on the surface of the Earth.<\/p>\nThe processes carried out by Endogenic and Exogenic forces are called geomorphic processes. Endogenic forces: The internal forces are also known as endogenic forces. These are mainly the land building forces. Diastrophism includes all these processes; that move, elevate or build portions of the earth\u2019s crust.<\/p>\n
The internal forces are also known as endogenic forces. Exogenic Forces: The external forces are also known as Exogenic forces. These forces are found on the surface of the Earth, Which bring changes through degradation and aggradations process. River, glacier, wind, sea waves are the major sources of external forces.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 2.
\nDescribe the factors affecting Physical weathering? (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nThe disintegration of rocks without any chemical change in their compost in is known as mechanical or physical weathering. The disintegration of rocks occurs mainly due to the influence of temperature variation, frost action, wind action, rainwater, etc.<\/p>\nA. Surface are heated and expand. During the nights the rock surfaces are cooled due to , fall in temperature, rocks contact. The repetition of exemptions and contraction causes tension and stress which leads to cracks in the rocks. Then the rocks disintegrate into i blocks. This process is known as Block disintegration, Rocks are made of different types of minerals.<\/p>\n
So the different parts of the same rock mass react differently to temperature. This leads to differential expansion and contraction inside the rocks. The rocks break up into smaller grains. This process of weathering is, called \u201cGranular disintegration\u201d. Due to variat Temperature in the upper and lower layers, the outer layers of rocks peel out into the uric shells. This process of weathering is known as \u201cExfoliation\u201d.<\/p>\n
B. Frost: Rocks are disintegrated due to freezing and thawing of water in the cracks or joints in the rocks. This frost action is more important in the temperate and cold regions. The water present in the cracks of rocks freezes during the night due to fall in temperature below freezing point. When water freezes it expands by 1\/10 its volume. It thaws (melts) during the day, due to increase of temperature and it contracts in volume. This alternative freezing and melting of water widens other cracks in the rocks, splits and breaks then into blocks. This is known as frost shattering.<\/p>\n
C. Rain: Sometimes, when rain falls suddenly on highly heated rocks in hot desert numerous cracks are developed. This is just like a heated chimney of a lamp, when a drop of water falls on it. The repetition of this mechanism causes disintegration of rocks. In humid region, when torrential rain occurs, the drops strike the rock surface and loosen the particles.<\/p>\n
D. Wind: In the deserts the wind blows with greater speed carrying with it sand and rock materials, they collide with each other or strike against the loose rock and cause weathering. In deserts the wind cause this type of weathering on a large scale.<\/p>\n
E. Sea waves: Sea waves strike the costal rocks. Repeated striking enlarges the incipient joints. Fractures and cause breaking of rocks into small blocks. Weathering also takes place due to hydraulic pressure, abrasion and attrition caused.<\/p>\n
F. Slope: A steep slope helps in weathering. In mountainous and hilly area, sometimes, on account of gravity, blocks of rocks move down the slope while rolling down the slope, they strike against other block and break up into pieces.<\/p>\n
G Gravitation: the gravity of Earth makes the huge rocks to roll towards the slope. Rolling rocks strike against each other and break up into pieces.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 3.
\nExplain chemical weathering with examples. (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nDisintegration and Decomposition of rocks by chemical processes is called \u201cChemical weathering\u201d.
\nIn this process secondary or new minerals are developed from the original minerals of the rocks. The rain water and atmospheric gases are the main agents of chemical weathering. It is vey common in humid regions.<\/p>\nThere are four types of chemical weathering process. They are:<\/p>\n
a. Oxidation: The rain water with oxygen reacts on rocks containing iron and produce oxides. This chemical reaction is known as \u201coxidation\u201d. The common process of rusting of iron is an example of oxidation. .<\/p>\n
b. Carbonation: The rain water with carbon-di-oxide becomes a weak carbonic acid and it reacts with calcium carbonate or limestone to form calcium bicarbonate, which dissolves easily. This process is called \u201cCarbonation\u201d. It is very active in limestone regions.<\/p>\n
c. Hydration: The rock minerals take up water the increased volume creates physical stress within the rock. As a result certain minerals like feldspar and gypsum are reduced into powder. This process is called \u201cHydration\u201d.<\/p>\n
d. Solution: The rain water is able to dissolve some of the soluble minerals, such as rock- salt, gypsum, potash. This process is called \u201cSolution\u201d.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 4.
\nExplain Biological weathering with examples.
\nAnswer:
\nThe disintegration of rocks caused by plants, animals and human beings is called \u201cBiological Weathering\u201d.
\n(a) Plants: The roots of the plant grow through soil and in the cracks of rocks to find water and minerals. As the roots grow deep in the rock they widen and disintegrate the rocks. This process is rn’ost prominent in thick forests and vegetative regions.<\/p>\n(b) Animals: The burrowing animals like rats, rabbits, ants, earthworms and termites influence in the breaking up of rocks and make passages below the ground. The seepage of air and water through these passage results in rapid weathering of rocks.<\/p>\n
(c) Human beings: Human beings play an important role weathering of rocks, through activities like agriculture, mining quarrying, oil drilling, deforestation etc.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 5.
\nExplain the process of Physical weathering with examples.
\nAnswer:
\nThe disintegration of rocks by mechanical way and without any chemical changes is called \u201cMechanical weathering\u201d. It is also called \u201cphysical weathering\u201d.
\nThe process of Mechanical weathering is in various forms, depending the types of rock. They are:<\/p>\na. Block disintegration: Due to temperature variation, there is continuous expansion and contraction in the rocks causing tension and stress. Later these rocks disintegrate into blocks known as \u201cBlock Disintegration\u201d.<\/p>\n
b. Granular disintegration: Rocks consist of several types of minerals and these minerals
\nreact differently to heat. As a result, the rocks break into different mineral grain known as \u201cGranular Disintegration\u201d.<\/p>\nc. Exfoliation: Due to the heat of the Sun, outer surfaced of rocks gets heated up, but inside it remains almost cool. This makes the rockto expand and crack. The thin layer of rocks peels off, like the peeling of an onion. This process is called \u201cExfoliation\u201d.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 6.
\nExplain the types of River Course.
\nAnswer:
\nThe entire path of the river from source to mouth is divided into three courses.<\/p>\na. The upper course: It is near the source of a river and is normally found in mountainous areas. Here erosional work is dominant, because the river flows I steep slopes with great velocity. This stage of the river course is known as \u2018Young Stage\u2019.<\/p>\n
b. The Middle course: The middle course begins when the river enters the plateau and plains from the mountains the dominant work of the river in this stage is transportation. This stage of the river course is called \u2018Mature stage\u2019.<\/p>\n
c. The lower course: It is the plain course of a river neat its mouth. In the lower course the slope is very gentle, the valley is broad, the speed of the river is very slow, and hence deposition work is dominant. This stage f the river is known as \u2018Old Stage\u2019.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n1st PUC Geography Landforms Ten Marks Questions And Answers<\/h3>\n
Question 1.
\nDescribe the Landforms associated to work of river. (T.B.Qn)
\nAnswer:
\nRiver is an important external agent of denudation on the ever-changing face of the Earth. The work of river is more or less common in all the drainage systems of the world.
\nThe work of river consists of three closely interrelated activities.<\/p>\n1. Erosional work: The process of wearing and taking away the part of rock is known as \u2018Erosion\u2019. It depends upon the volume and velocity of water, nature of slope and the nature of rocks. The erosional work of the river is performed in two ways.
\na. The Mechanical and b. The Chemical erosion.
\nThere are various Iandforms associated to erosional work of river.<\/p>\na. \u2019V\u2019 Shaped valley: In the mountain course the speed of the river is greater and volume is less. As the water rushes down the steep slopes there is maximum vertical , or later erosion. The rapid down cutting or vertical erosion results in the formation of \u2018V\u2019shaped valley.<\/p>\n
b. Gorge: A deep and narrow valley with steep rocky, sides in the river course is known as \u2018Gorge\u2019. They are formed by the regular vertical cutting by the rivers in the valleys eg. Narmada gorge.<\/p>\n
c. I shape valley: Avey steep, deep river valley formed by the river, lookinglike T, is called \u2018I\u2019 Shaped valley. These are very deep compared to gorges.<\/p>\n
d. Canyon: It is a wide, deep and steep valley almost with vertical walls like feature found in the arid or semi arid regions is called \u2018Canyon\u2019 eg. Grand Canyon of River Colorado in USA.<\/p>\n
e. Potholes: These are the small depressions in the rocky beds of other river valley. They are formed by corrosion. Pebbles, sand and small rocks carried by the river swirled around on the river bed. This action erodes the rock on the river bed forming potholes.<\/p>\n
f. Waterfalls: Huge volume of water falling from a great height along the course of a river is called \u201cWaterfalls\u2019. They are formed when the hard and soft rocks come in the way of flowing river. The soft rock gets eroded faster and hard rock does not erode easily. Therefore huge amount of water falls from great height and creates waterfalls. Eg. The Jog falls, The Angel falls, The Victoria falls.<\/p>\n
g. River Capture: It is formed mainly due to head-ward erosion by the river near its source. When the source of a river is captured by another major and strong river it is called\u2018River Capture\u2019.<\/p>\n
2. Transportational work: The process of carrying away the eroded materials is known as \u2018Transportation\u2019. The rock materials and eroded particles carried by a river is called its Load. The transportation capacity of a river is based on velocity of water, volume of water, load, slope, smooth valley floor etc.<\/p>\n
The major landforms associated with the transportational work of the river are:<\/p>\n
a. Alluvial fans: The term alluvium refers to the debris transported and deposited by rivers. When the fast flowing river enters the plateau or plain region, it experience sudden decline in gradient and obstruction in its path. Due to obstruction of the river spreads and deposits many of its light materials in fan shape known as \u2018alluvial fans\u2019.<\/p>\n
b. Alluvial cones: In the plateau and foot hill region when the river spreads out, the eroded materials carried by the river is deposited in conical shape called \u2018Alluvial cones\u2019.<\/p>\n
3. Depositional work: The process of carrying and accumulating the eroded materials by the river at the lower course is called \u2018deposition\u2019. In the lower course due to gentle slope the river slows down and deposits most of its materials on the banks, course and the mouth.<\/p>\n
The important landforms resulting from depositional work of the river are:<\/p>\n
a. Meanders: In the lower course, river flows slowly in zig zag or curved manner due . to smaller obstruction in its path. A curve or loop formed by the river in its path is called \u2018Meander\u2019. When the river course formed by such crescent shaped loops due to continuous lateral deposition it is called meandering course.<\/p>\n
b. Ox-bow Lakes: The ox-bow lakes are formed by depositional and erosional actions taking place simultaneously and they are a result of excessive meandering. The River which flows through the shorter route leaving the curve of the meander cut off and crescent shaped lake is formed known as\u2018Ox-bow lakes\u2019.<\/p>\n
c. Flood Plains: When the river is in floods the water overflows on its bank and spreads in the surrounding regions. The silt carried by the water gets deposited in these areas and creates flat plains on both the banks of the rive known as \u2018Flood Plains\u2019.<\/p>\n
d. Delta: A triangular shaped alluvial deposition forced at the mouth of the river is called \u2018Delta\u2019. Important types of deltas are<\/p>\n
a. Arcuate or Common delta
\nb. Bird-foot delta<\/p>\ne. Distributaries: As the river approaches the sea or Ocean, due to reduction in gradient, joining of tributaries, its volume increases, speed decreases hence, the rivet begins to break up into a number of branches from the main river called \u2018Distributaries\u2019.<\/p>\n
f. Estuary: Estuaries are the tidal mouth of a river having a narrow, gradually widening lay at the mouth. In Estuary River water is mixed with seawater. Eg. The Narmada estuary, The Kali estuary.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Karnataka 1st PUC Geography Question Bank Chapter 4 Landforms You can Download Chapter 4 Landforms Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st PUC Geography Question Bank with Answers\u00a0Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. 1st PUC Geography Landforms One Mark Questions and Answers Question 1. What is …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8477"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8477\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}