{"id":7671,"date":"2019-11-20T12:25:14","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T06:55:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/?p=7671"},"modified":"2021-07-02T15:45:35","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T10:15:35","slug":"2nd-puc-political-science-question-bank-chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/2nd-puc-political-science-question-bank-chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 4 Social Movements and Their Political Implications"},"content":{"rendered":"

Karnataka 2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 4 Social Movements and Their Political Implications<\/h3>\n

You can Download Chapter 4 Social Movements and Their Political Implications, Notes, 2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers<\/a>\u00a0Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations.<\/p>\n

2nd PUC Political Science Social Movements and Their Political Implications One Mark Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nName one of the important personalities who tried to remove caste based discrimination.
\nAnswer:
\nBasavanna tries to remove caste based discrimination.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nMention the three mantras of Dr.B.R. Ambedkar.
\nAnswer:
\nEducate. Agitate. Organise are the three mantras of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nWho are dalits?
\nAnswer:
\nDalits are those who are economically, socially, educationally, culturally exploited.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is the other name for dalits?
\nAnswer:
\nAdi Karnataka. Adi Dravida, Adi Andhra. Adi Jambhava, Adi Mahar are the other names of for dalits.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nWho are Panchamas?
\nAnswer:
\nA group of people who are away from the society and separated from the four varnas are called Panchamas.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is the criteria to identify one’s caste?
\nAnswer:
\nThe criteria to identify one’s caste is by birth.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nName one of great humans who laid the foundation for dalits emancipation.
\nAnswer:
\nDr.B.R.Ambedkar laid the foundation for dalits emancipation.<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nWho was the victim for caste based discrimination?
\nAnswer:
\nDalits are the victim for caste based discrimination.<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\nWho lead the mass in the entry of Kalaram temple? (July 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nDr.B.R.Ambedkar lead the mass in the entry of Kalaram temple.<\/p>\n

Question 10.
\nHow many varnas prevailed in Vedic period?
\nAnswer:
\nThere were 4 varnas prevailed in vedic period.<\/p>\n

Question 11.
\nWho started the news paper \u201cMooka Naika\u201d? (July 2015)
\nAnswer:
\nDr.B.R.Ambedkar started the news paper “Mooka Naika\u2019.<\/p>\n

Question 12.
\nName one of the movements lead by Dr. B.R.Ambedkar.
\nAnswer:
\nThe movements lead by Dr.B.R.Ambedkar was Bahishkrith Hitakarini Sabha.<\/p>\n

Question 13.
\nWhere did Dalit Andolan started?
\nAnswer:
\nDalit Andolan w’as started in Karnataka.<\/p>\n

Question 14.
\nWhich article of the constitution deals with \u2018Equality Before Law\u2019?
\nAnswer:
\nArticle 14 of the Constitution of India deals with \u2018Equality before law\u2019.<\/p>\n

Question 15.
\nWhen did the Prevention of Attrocities Act passed?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Prevention of Attrocities Act was passed in 1989.<\/p>\n

Question 16.
\nWhen was Manusmriti implemented?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Manusmriti was implemented in 185 B.C<\/p>\n

Question 17.
\nWho are called as backward classes?
\nAnswer:
\nA group of people who are backwarded economically, socially and educationally, are called backward classes.<\/p>\n

Question 18.
\nName the concept emphasized by Jyothibha Phule.
\nAnswer:
\nThe concept emphasized by Jyothibha Phule was “Akshara Kranthi\u2019.<\/p>\n

Question 19.
\nWho started \u2018Akshara Kranthi\u2019?
\nAnswer:
\nJyothibha Phule started “Aakshara Kranthi.<\/p>\n

Question 20.
\nWhat is social discrimination? (March 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nOpportunities were denied on the basis of caste and religion in the society is called social discrimination.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 21.
\nWhat is economic exploitation? (July 2016)
\nAnswer:
\nExploitation by the haves over haves not is called economic exploitation.<\/p>\n

Question 22.
\nWho was the first one to introduce reservation to Backward Classes?
\nAnswer:
\nSayyaji Rao Gaikwad of Gwalior was the first one to introduce reservation to backward classes.<\/p>\n

Question 23.
\nWhich article of the constitution provides reservation in public employment for Backward Classes?
\nAnswer:
\nArticle 16(4) of the Constitution of India provides reservation in public employment for backward classes.<\/p>\n

Question 24.
\nWho is authorized to appoint National Backward Classes Commission?
\nAnswer:
\nThe President is authorized to appoint the National Backward Classes Commission.<\/p>\n

Question 25.
\nExpand NHRC.
\nAnswer:
\nNational Human Rights Commission.<\/p>\n

Question 26.
\nWhen was the Mandal Commission report come into effect?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Mandal Commission Report was came into effect on 7th August 1990.<\/p>\n

Question 27.
\nName the persons who struggled to eradicate the Sati system.
\nAnswer:
\nSri Raja Ram Mohan Rai struggled to eradicate the Sati system.<\/p>\n

Question 28.
\nWhen was the Widow Remarriage Act implemented?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Widow Remarriage Act was implemented in 1856.<\/p>\n

Question 29.
\nWhen was NHRC established ? (March 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nThe NHRC was established in 1994.<\/p>\n

Question 30.
\nMention one of the functions of NHRC.
\nAnswer:
\nIt conduct the enquiries whenever the human rights are violated.<\/p>\n

Question 31.
\nTo which state Savitribai Phule belongs to.
\nAnswer:
\nSavitribai Phule belongs to Maharashtra.<\/p>\n

Question 32.
\nWhen was the Domestic Violence Act enforced? (July 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nThe Domestic Violence Act was enforced in 2005<\/p>\n

Question 33.
\nWhat is State Human Rights Commission?
\nAnswer:
\nAnswer:
\nAn authority to enquire about the violation of human rights with in the jurisdiction of state is called State Human Rights Commission.<\/p>\n

Question 34.
\nWhen was SHRC was set up in Karnataka?
\nAnswer:
\nThe State Human Rights Commission was set up in 2005.<\/p>\n

Question 35.
\nWho is authorized to look into the details of exploitation of children?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Deputy Commissioner is authorised to look into the details of exploitation of children.<\/p>\n

Question 36.
\nName one of the matters that child helpline looks into.
\nAnswer:
\nThe Child Help Line register the complaints in matters relating to child labour, child abuse, encouraging begging and others.<\/p>\n

Question 37.
\nWho are called labourers?
\nAnswer:
\nThe workers who invest their physical labour either on agriculture or industry are called labourers.<\/p>\n

Question 38.
\nExpand AITUC.
\nAnswer:
\nAll India Trade Union Congress.<\/p>\n

Question 39.
\nExpand INTUC.
\nAnswer:
\nIndian National Trade Union Congress.<\/p>\n

Question 40.
\nWhich part of the Constitution deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy?
\nAnswer:
\nPart-IV of the Constitution deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/strong><\/p>\n

Question 41.
\nExpand HMS.
\nAnswer:
\nHind Mazdoor Sabha.<\/p>\n

Question 42.
\nHQ Expand BMS.
\nAnswer:
\nBharatiya Mazdoor Sangh<\/p>\n

Question 43.
\nWhich day is celebrated as Labours Day? (March 2018)
\nAnswer:
\n1st of May is celebrated as Labours Day.<\/p>\n

Question 44.
\nWhich is the basic profession of Peasants?
\nAnswer:
\nThe basic profession of peasants is agriculture.<\/p>\n

Question 45.
\nName one of the leaders who fought for the cause of Peasants in Karnataka. (March 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nProf.M.D. Nanjundaswamy fought for the cause of peasants in Karnataka.<\/p>\n

Question 46.
\nExpand BKU.
\nAnswer:
\nBharatiya Kisan Union.<\/p>\n

Question 47.
\nExpand NCIP.
\nAnswer:
\nNational Crop Insurance Programme.<\/p>\n

Question 48.
\nExpand NAIS.
\nAnswer:
\nNational Agricultural Insurance Scheme.<\/p>\n

Question 49.
\nExpand PLD.
\nAnswer:
\nPrimary Land Development Bank.<\/p>\n

Question 50.
\nExpand NDC.
\nAnswer:
\nNational Development Council.<\/p>\n

Question 51.
\nExpand KRRS.
\nAnswer:
\nKarnataka Rajya Raitha Sanglta.<\/p>\n

Question 52.
\nESI Expand UDHR.
\nAnswer:
\nUniversal Declaration of Human Rights.<\/p>\n

Question 53.
\nName the head who protects the Human Rights at the district level.
\nAnswer:
\nDeputy Commissioner protects the Human Rights at the district level.<\/p>\n

Question 54.
\nWhat is deforestation?
\nAnswer:
\nHuman beings are exploiting the resources of nature and misusing the forest for their selfish motives, it is called deforestation.<\/p>\n

Question 55.
\nWho is the architect of CHIPKO movement?
\nAnswer:
\nChandi Prasad is the architect of CHIPKO Movement.<\/p>\n

Question 56.
\nWho is the architect of APPIKO movement?
\nAnswer:
\nPeople of Malnad area started the APPIKO Movement.<\/p>\n

Question 57.
\nWhere was APPIKO movement started?
\nAnswer:
\nAPPIKO Movement was started in Malnad area of Karnataka.<\/p>\n

Question 58.
\nWho is the main leader of Narmada Bachavo Andolan?
\nAnswer:
\nBaba Ampte and Medha Patkar are the leaders of Narmada Bachavo Andolan.<\/p>\n

Question 59.
\nWho filed an affidavit in the Supreme Court for Ganga water cleaning?
\nAnswer:
\nSri M.C. Mehta filed an affidavit in the Supreme Court for Ganga Water Cleaning.<\/p>\n

Question 60.
\nWhen was the Bio-Diversity Act come into effect?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Bio-Diversity Act was came into effect in 2002.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 61.
\nWhich is the native district of Saalumarada Thimmakka? (March 2015)
\nAnswer:
\nRamanagara is the native district of Saalumarada Thimmakka.<\/p>\n

Question 62.
\nWho started the Western Ghat Movement?
\nAnswer:
\nEnvironmentalists of Shivamogga started Western Ghat Movement.<\/p>\n

Question 63.
\nWhich day is celebrated as the \u2018World Environment Day? (July 22017)
\nAnswer:
\n5 of June is celebrated as the ‘World Environment Daw<\/p>\n

2nd PUC Political Science Social Movements and Their Political Implications Two marks questions and answers:<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nMention the cause for Dalit movement.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Social injustice
\n(b) Economic inequality<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWho started Dalit Sangarsha Samithi in Karnataka and when?
\nAnswer:
\nDalit Sangarsh Samithi was started by Prof.B.Krishnappa in 1974.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat is the specialty of Dalit Act?
\nAnswer:
\nThe speciality of Dalit Act is to take necessary’ action against the attrocities on dalits and impose penalty’ under section 21 of the Act. It also provides legal aid to the victims of attrocities.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nName the varnas that prevailed in the ancient period. (March 2015)
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Brahmana
\n(b) Kshatriya
\n(c) Vaishya
\n(d) Shudra.<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nWhen was the Backward Class agitation started in Karnataka and where?
\nAnswer:
\nThe backward class agitation was started in Karnataka in 1920 I Mysore Province.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nHow dalits were exploited?
\nAnswer:
\nDalits are denied to use public well water, pond and restricted to enter into the temples.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nWhen did Hindu Widows Home established and where? (July 2015)
\nAnswer:
\nThe Hindu Widows Home was established in 1899 in Poona.<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nWhy dalits were kept away from political participation?
\nAnswer:
\nTo get lion share by the upper class in the political field, the dalits have been kept away from political participation.<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\nBy which name dalit andolan are called in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu?
\nAnswer:
\nThe dalits are called Adi Andhra in Andhra Pradesh and Adi Dravida in Tamilnadu.<\/p>\n

Question 10.
\nMention any two Articles which eradicate the gender based inequality.
\nAnswer:
\nArticle 14 and 15 narrates the eradication of gender based inequality.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 11.
\nName any two Acts which is related to Women Protection. (July 2016)
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Domestic Violence Act 2005.
\n(b) Dowry Prohibition Act 1961.<\/p>\n

Question 12.
\nWhen the Manusmrithi was implemented and by whom?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Manusmrithi was implemented in 185 BC by Pushyamithra Shrunga.<\/p>\n

Question 13.
\nName anv two backward communities.
\nAnswer:
\nKuruba and Madiwala are the two backward communities.<\/p>\n

Question 14.
\nWhat was the demand of Jyothiba Phule with regard to the students of Backward Community?
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Promoting literacy through Akshara Kranthi Scheme.
\n(b) Demanding school facilities and residential facilities to backward class students.<\/p>\n

Question 15.
\nName any two leaders who fought for the upliftment of Backward Classes in Mysore region.
\nAnswer:
\nNalwadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar and Kantharaje Urs are the two leaders who fought for the upliftment of Backward Classes in Mysore region.<\/p>\n

Question 16.
\nName the jurisdiction of NHRC.
\nAnswer:
\nIt enquire the cases relating to the violation of human rights in any part of the countn with the help of judiciary.<\/p>\n

Question 17.
\nName any two important communist leaders of India?
\nAnswer:
\n(a) S.V. Dhange.
\n(b) C.P. Dutt are the two communist leaders of India.<\/p>\n

Question 18.
\nName any two Labour Acts.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Employees State Insurance Act of 1948.
\n(b) Employees Bonus Act of 1965 are the two Labour Acts.<\/p>\n

Question 19.
\nMention any two social security measures for labourers.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Providing job security.
\n(b) Providing Insurance facilities are the two social security measures for labourers.<\/p>\n

Question 20.
\nWrite two important reasons for Kheda Movement.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Bengal Government banned Blue crop and acquired farmer\u2019s land.
\n(b) They imposed heavy taxes and enhanced the prices.<\/p>\n

Question 21.
\nWhat is the meaning of Human Rights?
\nAnswer:
\nThe rights which are not separated from the human beings are called human rights.<\/p>\n

Question 22.
\nWrite two causes for the Peasant Movement.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Negligence of farmers problem.
\n(b) Unscientific land acquisition.<\/p>\n

Question 23.
\nWhat is maryade hatye? (July 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nElders of family, to maintain family respect and values go to the extent of killing their daughter if she heading towards inter caste and inter religious marriage.<\/p>\n

Question 24.
\nWhat is environment? (March 2016)
\nAnswer:
\nA sum total of all biotic and abiotic (living and non-living) factors and conditions that surround us is called environment.<\/p>\n

Question 25.
\nName any two Acts which relates to the protection of environment.
\nAnswer:
\n(a) Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act 1974.
\n(b) Environment Maintenance Act of 1986 are the two Acts which relates to the protection of environment.<\/p>\n

Question 26.
\nWho started Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha and when?
\nAnswer:
\nDr. B.R. Ambedkar started Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha in 1924.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

2nd PUC Political Science Social Movements and Their Political Implications Five marks questions and answers:<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWrite the causes for Dalit Movement. (March 2016, 2019)
\nAnswer:
\nCauses for Dalit Movement:
\n(a) Social injustice: As per the law of nature, all men are born equally. But in practice, equal treatment and equal opportunities were denied. Exploitation in society was widespread.<\/p>\n

(b) Economic inequality: Dalits worked in the lands of upper caste class and were responsible for the wealth of feudalist upper castes. In spite of it, they were treated inhumanly and were not given proper share.<\/p>\n

(c) Discrimination: It was rampant in all walks of life. They were not allowed to enter into the temples and not allowed to use the water from public ponds.<\/p>\n

(d) Lack of awareness: Dalits were deprived of educational facilities which lead to lack of awareness. Hence atrocities mounted up. To create awareness dalit movement started.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nMake a note on legislative provisions in the Constitution for dalits.
\nAnswer:
\nLegislative provisions in the constitution for Dalits are:
\n(a) As per Article 14, there should be equality before law.
\n(b) As per Article 15(1) and (2) there should be no discrimination on the basis of caste.
\n(c) As per Article 15(4) special provisions have been provided to the weaker sections.
\n(d) As per Article 16 equal opportunities have been provided in public employment and reservation in appointment and promotion.
\n(e) As per Article 17 untouchability has been prohibited.
\n(f) As per Article 38 the state shall strive to promote welfare of the people minimize inequalities in income and eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities.
\n(g) As per Article 39(a) the state shall direct its police towards securing right to adequate means of livelihood.
\n(h) As per Article 46 there shall be no social injustice and exploitation on SC ST community.
\n(i) As per Article 243D and 243T reservation has been provided for SC’s and STs in local body elections.
\n(j) As per Article 332 reservation has been provided for SCs and STs in Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nWrite the reasons for Backward Classes Movement (March 2017)
\nAnswer:
\nThe causes for Backward Classes Movement are:
\n(a) Social discrimination: These communities faced social discrimination like superior and inferior throughout the years. They were not allowed to come to the main stream.<\/p>\n

(b) Economic exploitation: Exploitation leads to economic inequality along the Backward Classes. Many of these communities were ‘Below Poverty Line” and were poverty stricken.<\/p>\n

(c) Educational backwardness: Upper castes monopolized the field of education and denied access to these communities. The backward class communities were totally neglected from these facilities.<\/p>\n

(d) Denial of political representation: A few communities dominated political field and other backward classes were totally neglected and thus their representation was not enough.<\/p>\n

(e) unification: It is difficult to achieve anything without unity and integrity. Hence Backward Classes who are more than 350 in number were unorganized and scattered. To unite them and to fight for their cause, movements were started.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nMake a note on the Constitutional Provisions in favour of Backward Classes. (March 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nConstitutional Provisions in favour of Backward Classes are as follow:<\/p>\n

(a) As per article 16(4) reservation has been provided for Backward Classes.<\/p>\n

(b) According to Article 340 the President of India is authorized to appoint National Backward Classes Commission.<\/p>\n

(c) National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation is formed to provide loan and financial assistance to the backward classes.<\/p>\n

(d) All the States can form State Backward Classes Commissions and Development Corporations for the welfare of the Backward Classes.<\/p>\n

(e) The National Human Rights Commission receives complaints against the violation of rights and discrimination against Backward Classes.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nMention the other provisions for OBC\u2019s in Constitution.
\nOR
\nWrite a note on Mandal Commission.
\nAnswer:
\nOther Provisions for Backward Classes in the Constitution:<\/p>\n

(a) The Government of India appointed Backward Classes Commission headed by Kaka Kalelkar in 1953.<\/p>\n

(b) The Union Government appointed the commission headed by B.P. Mandal in 1979 to recommend the reservation for Backward Classes.<\/p>\n

(c) On the recommendations of the Mandal Commission. 27% of reservation facilities have been provided to Backward Classes in both Central and State Governments.<\/p>\n

(d) The maximum age limit has been enhanced for Backward Classes in Public employment.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nWrite the causes of Feminist Movement (March 2015,2016,2018) (July 2015)
\nAnswer:
\nThe causes for Feminist Movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) Inequality: It is evident that Indian Society is male dominated and preference is given to the male members. Though men and women are born equally, women are deprived of education, employment, decision making and property rights.<\/p>\n

(b) The evils of dowry: The evils of dowry have drawn parents to become debtors, the girls to brothels and uneven ratio through female foeticide and infanticide. As a result of this uneven ratio of men and w7omen in society which leads to rape and other heinous crimes.<\/p>\n

(c) Denial of human rights: The atrocities on women have denied the human rights and other. rights like right to life, liberty7, freedom of expression and others.<\/p>\n

(d) Social strata based on gender: Men have not spared any of the fields including cultural, social, religious, political and exercise their monopoly and continue their atrocities on women.<\/p>\n

(e) Sexual abuse and molestation: Irrespective of age. time and place, sexual harassment and molestation is on in present context in all walks of life.<\/p>\n

(f) Domestic violence: Women are exploiting by’ their husbands in the families for various reasons continuously. They became the victims for all the reasons day by day.
\nHence for the above all reasons women organize themselves and start agitation.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat are the political implications and legislative measures taken for the improvement of women? (March 2015) (March 2019)
\nAnswer:
\nPolitical implications: Feminist movement tries to overcome women exploitation and atrocities. In this behalf various measures have been taken for the empowerment of women as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) Constitutional opportunities: Article 14. 15. 15(3), 16, 34(A), 39(B) and 42 of the Constitution of India provides for the removal of inequality and discrimination based on gender.<\/p>\n

(b) Legislative measures: Some legislative measures have been taken to eradicate gender based inequality. For example, Rape is a criminal offence under IPC Section 376. kidnapping and using women for illegal purpose is an offence under TPC Section 363-373. Torture for dowry is prohibited under IPC Section 498-A.<\/p>\n

(c) Other legislative measures: Family Court Act 1954. Special Marriage Act 1954. Hindu .Marriage Act 1955, The Dowry Prohibition Act 1961. Protection of Women against Domestic Violence Act 2005 and Abolition of Child Marriage Act 2006 have been enforced . to protect the interests of women.<\/p>\n

(d) Special privileges for women: National Women Commission was established in 1992 to recommend the government for the improvements of women.<\/p>\n

(e) Reservation in local bodies: Through 73ld and 74’h Constitutional Amendment Acts, 33% of seats are reserved for women in Local Body Elections.<\/p>\n

(f) National policy of the women empowerment: Department of Women and Child Welfare under the Secretariat of Human Resource Development framed a National Policy for the empowerment of women.<\/p>\n

Question 8.
\nWrite a note on the causes for Labour Movement. (March 2015)
\nAnswer:
\nThe causes for Labour Movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) Interest of labourers: Generally industrialists concentrate on their profit rather than workers and their welfare. Labours are exploited by way of giving lesser wages, not declaring bonus, extended hours of work, denial of medical facilities, dismissal from service, etc.<\/p>\n

(b) Negligence towards employees: The matters concerning to labourers were decided unilaterally by the Apex Body of the company. Naturally the interests of labourers were neglected.<\/p>\n

(c) To get facilities: As the labourers are engaged in monotonous physical strain, they need to have a leisure, proper facilities like potable water, cafeteria, toilet rooms, rest rooms, creaches. medical requirements etc., for both men and women.<\/p>\n

(d) Welfare programs: The fate of the companies depends upon the welfare and well-being of the workers. They need some benefits like bonus, allowances, loans, insurance, free quarters, transport and education facilities, pension, family pension, etc.<\/p>\n

(e) Plight of workers of unorganized sectors: Anganawadi workers, agricultural labourers, workers on daily wages are exploited to the core as they are still fighting for their rights. The above all reasons leads to the Labor Movements.<\/p>\n

Question 9.
\nList out the Constitutional measures taken for the improvement of labourers. (July 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nTo meet the demands of labourers and to provide benefits, the government has taken certain constitutional measures. They are:<\/p>\n

(a) Part IV of the Indian Constitution which deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy directs State Governments to adopt socialist measures like equal pay for equal work for both men and women, to provide leave facilities for pregnant women for both prenatal and postnatal care. The concurrent list empowers the governments to legislate on the workers welfare.<\/p>\n

(b) The Government of India enforced certain laws for the improvement of labourers. The Labour Laws of 1970 have fixed the wages of workers appointed on contract basis. Workmen Compensation Act of 1923. Salary Payment Act of 1936, Weekly Holidays Act of 1942. Minimum Wages Act of 1948. Employees State Insurance Act of 1948. Employees Provident Fund Act of 1952. Bonus Act of 1965 are the other law7s implemented for the benefit of labourers.<\/p>\n

Question 10.
\nEnumerate the causes for Peasent Movement. (July 2018)
\nAnswer:
\nThe causes for Peasant Movement:<\/p>\n

(a) Feeling of deprivation: Peasants are deprived of the facilities when compared to organized
\nsectors like industry. They face problems like shortage of quality seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, lack of adequate price and support price waiving of loans, subsidies for agricultural implements, insurance for crops, etc. ‘<\/p>\n

(b) Negligence of farmers problem: The previous governments have neglected the interests of farmers. In this behalf Bengal Government banned the Blue Crop and acquired farmers\u2019 lands and also imposed heavy taxes.<\/p>\n

(c) Unbearable debts: Peasants raise loans from Banks and Financial Institutions but they are not in a position to repay it for reasons like market fluctuation, the tactics of brokers, etc. This leads to unbearable debts and they commit suicide.<\/p>\n

(d) Natural calamity: Peasants depend more on monsoon which are usually irregular. Hence it is popularly known as \u2018\u2018Indian agriculture is playing gamble with monsoons”. As a result, floods and famine, diseases to crops, soil erosion leads to infertility of the soil.<\/p>\n

(e) Unscientific land acquisition: In the wake of Urbanisation and industrialization, the governments are acquiring cultivable lands of farmers. Many a times, proper compensation is not given and they are not provided with alternate. As a result they become landless and unemployed.<\/p>\n

(f) Support price: Amidst innumerable problems, farmers do not get adequate price to their produce. At that time the Government has to intervene and announce support price to the farmers produce. When the Government fails to do so, they intensify agitation.
\nAll the above facts are the main causes for Peasant Movement.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat are the measures taken by the Government of India to reduce the problems of Peasants?
\nAnswer:
\nThe Governments have taken the following measures to reduce the problems of peasants:<\/p>\n

(a) Agricultural Loans: The Governments have made provisions for the farmers to avail National Crop Insurance Programme. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme. Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme and Primary Land Development Bank was established to provide agricultural assistance to the farmers.<\/p>\n

(b) National Agricultural Scheme: The National Development Council has made enormous arrangements in 2007 for the agricultural improvements. The National Agricultural Scheme was implemented to determine agricultural policy and provide essential facilities.<\/p>\n

(c) Waiving of Debt: When farmers are not able to get the yield to their expectations, they cannot clear the debt. To uplift the farmers from debts, the Governments have taken necessary measures to wane the debts of farmers. This has reduced the suicide and death rate of farmers.<\/p>\n

(d) Establishment of Peasant Liason Centre: The Peasant Liason Centres are opened to provide necessary information related to protect the farmers from low quality seeds, fertilisers and protection of crops from diseases.<\/p>\n

(e) Veterinary Sendees: Government is providing veterinary sendee to the livestock which also supports agriculture. It also encouraging dairying and saavayava krishi.<\/p>\n

(f) Land Reforms Act: National Land Reforms Act was implemented to provide justice to the real fanners.<\/p>\n

Question 12.
\nWrite a note on the unscientific land acquisition.
\nAnswer:
\nUnscientific land acquisition is one of the most trouble factor for farmers. It has become so common in the present context. In the name of urbanization and industrialization, the governments are acquiring cultivable lands of farmers. Many a times proper compensation is not given and they are not provided with alternate. As a result they become landless and unemployed. There is a close contact between ruling class and business class for such developments and thus they can get some favours. Finally farmers are going to become victims in this juncture.<\/p>\n

Question 13.
\nWhat are the causes for Human Rights Movement? (July 2016)
\nAnswer:
\nThe causes for Human Rights Movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) To protect civil liberty: All men are born equally and they had the liberty to shape their lives. But in actual practice dalits. women and children are being suppressed and exploited.<\/p>\n

(b) To remove slavery: Slavery is constitutionally banned but is active in many parts of the country. Instances like child labour, bonded labour, etc. are seen frequently.<\/p>\n

(c) To protect family life: Every citizen has the right to family life. Due to modernization youths are heading towards inter-caste and inter religious marriages. Elders of family to maintain family respect and values go even to the extent of Maryade Hatye.<\/p>\n

(d) To protect the right of Dalaits: Injustice, atrocities, social ostracism, mada-made snana, forced to carry night soil, are all the clear violation of human rights of dalits.<\/p>\n

(e) Reject to file cases: Though the aggrieved persons approach the authorities to file the case, it is not filed due to the interference of some politicians of dominant castes.<\/p>\n

Question 14.
\nstate the political implicaions of Human rights (March 2017)
\nAnswer:
\nThe political implications of Human Rights Movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) National Human Rights Commission: It came into existence on 8th January 1994. It prepares a list of human rights and get the approval by the government, whenever violation is done. Systematic inquiries are to be conducted and transparency should be maintained with the help of judiciary. The Commission has to enact new laws whenever the existing laws do not eater to the needs of the inquiry.<\/p>\n

(b) State Human Rights Commission: It came into existence in 2005 to look into the matters of the violation of human rights in the state level. ‘<\/p>\n

(c) Child rights: Violation child rights are seen everywhere. The Deputy Commissioner is authorized to look into the details of exploitation on children. Measures are to be taken to register the complaints through Child Help Line in matters relating to child labour, child abuse, etc.<\/p>\n

(d) Creating awareness: Awareness are being created in various stages against the violation of human rights. Grievances are disposed speedily so as to provide justice to the concerned.<\/p>\n

Question 15.
\nWhat are the causes for Environment Movement? (July 2015,2016)
\nAnswer:
\nThe causes for environment movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) To protect the environmental degradation: The Government of India has taken measures for economic development including industrial and technological development . This has led to industrialization, urbanization and their adverse effects like loss of cultivable land and on the fertility of the soil.<\/p>\n

(b) To protect biodiversity: Deforestation for fuel and construction purposes has left the wild life and birds to become orphan. Hence Chipko, Appiko and save Western Ghats Movements started.<\/p>\n

(c) Environment education and consciousness: Living amidst environment, formal education in schools, colleges and non-governmental organisations have created awareness and consciousness among human beings. Programmes, Rallies and Jathas have gone a long way in this direction.<\/p>\n

(d) To curb environment decay: The greadiness of the people to excavate and exploit resources have resulted in soil erosion, drying up of rivers and reservoirs, pollution of water, air. sound, etc. To maintain equilibrium and to pressurize the people in power to take measures, these movements emerged.<\/p>\n

Question 16.
\nMention the political implications of Environment Movement? (July 2017)
\nAnswer:
\nMatters related to environment protections are inserted through 421,d Constitutional Amendment in Part IV of the Constitution. The Government of India established the National Committee for Environmental Planning. Following are some of the measures to control the pollution and save the environment.<\/p>\n

(a) Ganga Water Cleaning Plan: Sri M.C. Mehta, Environmentalist filed an affidavit in Supreme Court with regard to cleaning of the ganga water. The committee appointed by the Union Government recommended to establish a processing unit to clean the drainage water near the river and to stop throwing dead bodies to the river and suggested to construct 28 crematoriums.<\/p>\n

(b) Committee Report: Sri S.K. Ghosh and R.C. Trivedi conducted a study on the factors responsible for the pollution in and around Taj Mahal. It submitted its report stating that suitable measures are to be taken to protect the Taj Mahal.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 17.
\nList out the legislations made by the Government of India on the environmental protection.
\nAnswer:
\nLegislations made by the Government of India to save the environment are as follows:
\n(a) Wild Life Protection Act-1972.
\n(b) Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974.
\n(c) Protection of Forest Act of 1980.
\n(d) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981.
\n(e) Environmental Maintenance Act of 1986.
\n(f) Bio Diversity Act of 2002.
\n(g) Forest (Conservation) Act 1980.
\nThe Government of Karnataka opened Regional Offices to protect the environment effectively. Measures are also taken to punish those who violate the law.<\/p>\n

Question 18.
\nWrite a brief note on the achievements of Saalumarada Thimmakka.
\nAnswer:
\nThimmakka and Bikkalu Chikkaiali couple of Hulikal village of Magadi Taluk. Ramanagara District were childless. To overcome this, they started planting Banyan saplings in road side between Kudur and Hulikal. They reared, cared and guarded them with their meager earnings with sheer love and affection.<\/p>\n

The Government of Karnataka has taken the responsibility of these 248 trees. The great achievement of Saalu Marada Thimmakka is recognized and honoured by awarding Rajyothsava and National Award. A semibar paper was presented in the UN on her contribution to environment. To create awareness among people ‘World Environment Dav\u2018 is celebrated on 5lh June every year.<\/p>\n

2nd PUC Political Science Social Movements and Their Political Implications Ten marks questions and answers:<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nExplain the causes and political implications of Dalit Movement. (A)
\nAnswer:
\nCauses:
\nCauses for Dalit Movement:
\n(a) Social injustice: As per the law of nature, all men are born equally. But in practice, equal treatment and equal opportunities were denied. Exploitation in society was widespread.<\/p>\n

(b) Economic inequality: Dalits worked in the lands of upper caste class and were responsible for the wealth of feudalist upper castes. In spite of it, they were treated inhumanly and were not given proper share.<\/p>\n

(c) Discrimination: It was rampant in all walks of life. They were not allowed to enter into the temples and not allowed to use the water from public ponds.<\/p>\n

(d) Lack of awareness: Dalits were deprived of educational facilities which lead to lack of awareness. Hence atrocities mounted up. To create awareness dalit movement started.<\/p>\n

Political Implications:
\nLegislative provisions in the constitution for Dalits are:
\n(a) As per Article 14, there should be equality before law.
\n(b) As per Article 15(1) and (2) there should be no discrimination on the basis of caste.
\n(c) As per Article 15(4) special provisions have been provided to the weaker sections.
\n(d) As per Article 16 equal opportunities have been provided in public employment and reservation in appointment and promotion.
\n(e) As per Article 17 untouchability has been prohibited.
\n(f) As per Article 38 the state shall strive to promote welfare of the people minimize inequalities in income and eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities.
\n(g) As per Article 39(a) the state shall direct its police towards securing right to adequate means of livelihood.
\n(h) As per Article 46 there shall be no social injustice and exploitation on SC ST community.
\n(i) As per Article 243D and 243T reservation has been provided for SC’s and STs in local body elections.
\n(j) As per Article 332 reservation has been provided for SCs and STs in Lok Sabha and State Assembly elections.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWrite the constitutional provisions and political implications of Backward Classes Movement.
\nAnswer:
\nConstitutional Provisions: Constitutional Provisions in favour of Backward Classes are as follow:
\n(a) As per article 16(4) reservation has been provided for Backward Classes.
\n(b) According to Article 340 the President of India is authorized to appoint National Backward Classes Commission.
\n(c) National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation is formed to provide loan and financial assistance to the backward classes.
\n(d) All the States can form State Backward Classes Commissions and Development Corporations for the welfare of the Backward Classes.
\n(e) The National Human Rights Commission receives complaints against the violation of rights and discrimination against Backward Classes.<\/p>\n

Political Implications: Other Provisions for Backward Classes in the Constitution:
\n(a) The Government of India appointed Backward Classes Commission headed by Kaka Kalelkar in 1953.
\n(b) The Union Government appointed the commission headed by B.P. Mandal in 1979 to recommend the reservation for Backward Classes.
\n(c) On the recommendations of the Mandal Commission. 27% of reservation facilities have been provided to Backward Classes in both Central and State Governments.
\n(d) The maximum age limit has been enhanced for Backward Classes in Public employment.<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nDescribe the causes and political implications of Feminist Movement.
\nAnswer:
\nCauses: The causes for Feminist Movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) Inequality: It is evident that Indian Society is male dominated and preference is given to the male members. Though men and women are born equally, women are deprived of education, employment, decision making and property7 rights.<\/p>\n

(b) The evils of dowry: The evils of dowry have drawn parents to become debtors, the girls to brothels and uneven ratio through female foeticide and infanticide. As a result of this uneven ratio of men and women in society which leads to rape and other heinous crimes.<\/p>\n

(c) Denial of human rights: The atrocities on women have denied the human rights and other. rights like right to life, liberty7, freedom of expression and others.<\/p>\n

(d) Social strata based on gender: Men have not spared any of the fields including cultural, social, religious, political and exercise their monopoly and continue their atrocities on women.<\/p>\n

(e) Sexual abuse and molestation: Irrespective of age. time and place, sexual harassment and molestation is on in present context in all walks of life.<\/p>\n

(f) Domestic violence: Women are exploiting by’ their husbands in the families for various reasons continuously. They became the victims for all the reasons day by day.
\nHence for the above all reasons women organize themselves and start agitation.<\/p>\n

Political Implications: Political implications: Feminist movement tries to overcome women exploitation and atrocities. In this behalf various measures have been taken for the empowerment of women as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) Constitutional opportunities: Article 14. 15. 15(3), 16, 34(A), 39(B) and 42 of the Constitution of India provides for the removal of inequality and discrimination based on gender.<\/p>\n

(b) Legislative measures: Some legislative measures have been taken to eradicate gender based inequality. For example, Rape is a criminal offence under IPC Section 376. kidnapping and using women for illegal purpose is an offence under TPC Section 363-373. Torture for dowry is prohibited under IPC Section 498-A.<\/p>\n

(c) Other legislative measures: Family Court Act 1954. Special Marriage Act 1954. Hindu .Marriage Act 1955, The Dowry Prohibition Act 1961. Protection of Women against Domestic Violence Act 2005 and Abolition of Child Marriage Act 2006 have been enforced . to protect the interests of women.<\/p>\n

(d) Special privileges for women: National Women Commission was established in 1992 to recommend the government for the improvements of women.<\/p>\n

(e) Reservation in local bodies: Through 73ld and 74’h Constitutional Amendment Acts, 33% of seats are reserved for women in Local Body Elections.<\/p>\n

(f) National policy of the women empowerment: Department of Women and Child Welfare under the Secretariat of Human Resource Development framed a National Policy for the empowerment of women.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nExplain the causes and political implications of Peasant Movement.
\nAnswer:
\nCauses: The causes for Peasant Movement:<\/p>\n

(a) Feeling of deprivation: Peasants are deprived of the facilities when compared to organized
\nsectors like industry. They face problems like shortage of quality seeds, fertilizers and pesticides, lack of adequate price and support price waiving of loans, subsidies for agricultural implements, insurance for crops, etc. ‘<\/p>\n

(b) Negligence of farmers problem: The previous governments have neglected the interests of farmers. In this behalf Bengal Government banned the Blue Crop and acquired farmers\u2019 lands and also imposed heavy taxes.<\/p>\n

(c) Unbearable debts: Peasants raise loans from Banks and Financial Institutions but they are not in a position to repay it for reasons like market fluctuation, the tactics of brokers, etc. This leads to unbearable debts and they commit suicide.<\/p>\n

(d) Natural calamity: Peasants depend more on monsoon which are usually irregular. Hence it is popularly known as \u2018\u2018Indian agriculture is playing gamble with monsoons”. As a result, floods and famine, diseases to crops, soil erosion leads to infertility of the soil.<\/p>\n

(e) Unscientific land acquisition: In the wake of Urbanisation and industrialization, the governments are acquiring cultivable lands of farmers. Many a tines, proper compensation is not given and they are not provided with alternate. As a result they become landless and unemployed.<\/p>\n

(f) Support price: Amidst innumerable problems, farmers do not get adequate price to their produce. At that time the Government has to intervene and announce support price to the farmers produce. When the Government fails to do so, they intensify agitation.
\nAll the above facts are the main causes for Peasant Movement.<\/p>\n

Political Implications: The Governments have taken the following measures to reduce the problems of peasants:\\<\/p>\n

(a) Agricultural Loans: The Governments have made provisions for the farmers to avail National Crop Insurance Programme. National Agricultural Insurance Scheme. Weather based Crop Insurance Scheme and Primary Land Development Bank was established to provide agricultural assistance to the farmers.<\/p>\n

(b) National Agricultural Scheme: The National Development Council has made enormous arrangements in 2007 for the agricultural improvements. The National Agricultural Scheme was implemented to determine agricultural policy and provide essential facilities.<\/p>\n

(c) Waiving of Debt: When farmers are not able to get the yield to their expectations, they cannot clear the debt. To uplift the farmers from debts, the Governments have taken necessary measures to wane the debts of farmers. This has reduced the suicide and death rate of farmers.<\/p>\n

(d) Establishment of Peasant Liason Centre: The Peasant Liason Centres are opened to
\nprovide necessary information related to protect the farmers from low quality seeds, fertilisers and protection of crops from diseases.<\/p>\n

(e) Veterinary Sendees: Government is providing veterinary sendee to the livestock which also supports agriculture. It also encouraging dairying and saavayava krishi.<\/p>\n

(f) Land Reforms Act: National Land Reforms Act was implemented to provide justice to the real fanners.<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nDescribe the causes and political implications of Labour Movement.
\nAnswer:
\nCauses: The causes for Labour Movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) Interest oflabourers: Generally industrialists concentrate on theirprofit rather than workers and their welfare. Labours are exploited by way of giving lesser wages, not declaring bonus, extended hours of work, denial of medical facilities, dismissal from service, etc.<\/p>\n

(b) Negligence towards employees: The matters concerning to labourers were decided unilaterally by the Apex Body of the company. Naturally the interests of labourers were neglected.<\/p>\n

(c) To get facilities: As the labourers are engaged in monotonous physical strain, they need to have a leisure, proper facilities like potable water, cafeteria, toilet rooms, rest rooms, creaches. medical requirements etc., for both men and women.<\/p>\n

(d) Welfare programs: The fate of the companies depends upon the welfare and well-being of the workers. They need some benefits like bonus, allowances, loans, insurance, free quarters, transport and education facilities, pension, family pension, etc.<\/p>\n

(e) Plight of workers of unorganized sectors: Anganawadi workers, agricultural labourers, workers on daily wages are exploited to the core as they are still fighting for their rights. The above all reasons leads to the Labor Movements.<\/p>\n

Political Implications: To meet the demands of labourers and to provide benefits, the government has taken certain constitutional measures. They are:<\/p>\n

(a) Part IV of the Indian Constitution which deals with the Directive Principles of State Policy directs State Governments to adopt socialist measures like equal pay for equal work for both men and women, to provide leave facilities for pregnant women for both prenatal and postnatal care. The concurrent list empowers the governments to legislate on the workers welfare.<\/p>\n

(b) The Government of India enforced certain laws for the improvement of labourers. The Labour Laws of 1970 have fixed the wages of workers appointed on contract basis.
\nWorkmen Compensation Act of 1923. Salary Payment Act of 1936, Weekly Holidays Act of 1942. Minimum Wages Act of 1948. Employees State Insurance Act of 1948. Employees Provident Fund Act of 1952. Bonus Act of 1965 are the other law7s implemented for the benefit of labourers.<\/p>\n

Question 6.
\nDescribe the causes and political implications of Human Rights Movement.
\nAnswer:
\nCauses: The causes for Human Rights Movement are as follows:
\n(a) To protect civil liberty: All men are born equally and they had the liberty to shape their lives. But in actual practice dalits. women and children are being suppressed and exploited.<\/p>\n

(b) To remove slavery: Slavery is constitutionally banned but is active in many parts of the country. Instances like child labour, bonded labour, etc. are seen frequently.<\/p>\n

(c) To protect family life: Every citizen has the right to family life. Due to modernization youths are heading towards inter-caste and inter religious marriages. Elders of family to maintain family respect and values go even to the extent of Maryade Hatye.<\/p>\n

(d) To protect the right of Dalaits: Injustice, atrocities, social ostracism, mada-made snana, forced to carry night soil, are all the clear violation of human rights of dalits.<\/p>\n

(e) Reject to file cases: Though the aggrieved persons approach the authorities to file the case, it is not filed due to the interference of some politicians of dominant castes.<\/p>\n

Political Implications: The political implications of Human Rights Movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) National Human Rights Commission: It came into existence on 8th January 1994. It prepares a list of human rights and get the approval by the government, whenever violation is done. Systematic inquiries are to be conducted and transparency should be maintained with the help of judiciary. The Commission has to enact new laws whenever the existing laws do not eater to the needs of the inquiry.<\/p>\n

(b) State Human Rights Commission: It came into existence in 2005 to look into the matters of the violation of human rights in the state level. ‘<\/p>\n

(c) Child rights: Violation child rights are seen everywhere. The Deputy Commissioner is authorized to look into the details of exploitation on children. Measures are to be taken to register the complaints through Child Help Line in matters relating to child labour, child abuse, etc.<\/p>\n

(d) Creating awareness: Awareness are being created in various stages against the violation of human rights. Grievances are disposed speedily so as to provide justice to the concerned.<\/p>\n

\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nExplain the causes and political implications of Environment Movement.
\nAnswer:
\nCauses: The causes for environment movement are as follows:<\/p>\n

(a) To protect the environmental degradation: The Government of India has taken measures for economic development including industrial and technological development . This has led to industrialization, urbanization and their adverse effects like loss of cultivable land and on the fertility of the soil.<\/p>\n

(b) To protect biodiversity: Deforestation for fuel and construction purposes has left the wild life and birds to become orphan. Hence Chipko, Appiko and save Western Ghats Movements started.<\/p>\n

(c) Environment education and consciousness: Living amidst environment, formal education in schools, colleges and non-governmental organisations have created awareness and consciousness among human beings. Programmes, Rallies and Jathas have gone a long way in this direction.<\/p>\n

(d) To curb environment decay: The greadiness of the people to excavate and exploit resources have resuited in soil erosion, drying up of rivers and reservoirs, pollution of water, air. sound, etc. To maintain equilibrium and to pressurize the people in power to take measures, these movements emerged.<\/p>\n

Political Implications: Matters related to environment protections are inserted through 421,d Constitutional Amendment in Part IV of the Constitution. The Government of India established the National Committee for Environmental Planning. Following are some of the measures to control the pollution and save the environment.<\/p>\n

(a) Ganga Water Cleaning Plan: Sri M.C. Mehta, Environmentalist filed an affidavit in Supreme Court with regard to cleaning of the ganga water. The committee appointed by the Union Government recommended to establish a processing unit to clean the drainage water near the river and to stop throwing dead bodies to the river and suggested to construct 28 crematoriums.<\/p>\n

(b) Committee Report: Sri S.K. Ghosh and R.C. Trivedi conducted a study on the factors responsible for the pollution in and around Taj Mahal. It submitted its report stating that suitable measures are to be taken to protect the Taj Mahal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Karnataka 2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank Chapter 4 Social Movements and Their Political Implications You can Download Chapter 4 Social Movements and Their Political Implications, Notes, 2nd PUC Political Science Question Bank with Answers\u00a0Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. 2nd PUC Political Science …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[82],"tags":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7671"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7671"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7671\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}