1st PUC Sociology Culture and Socialization One Mark Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
Question 1.
\nHow is the term \u2018culture\u2019 derived?
\nAnswer:
\nThe term \u2018culture\u2019 is derived from a Latin word \u201cColere\u201d means to Cultivate or to till the soil.<\/p>\n
Question 2.
\nWhat is culture?
\nAnswer:
\nAccording to Malinowski \u201cculture is the handiwork of man and the medium through which he achieves his ends\u201d.<\/p>\n
Question 3.
\nIs culture an inborn trait?
\nAnswer:
\nNo, Culture is not in born trait.<\/p>\n
Question 4.
\nIs culture an acquired trait?
\nAnswer:
\nYes, Culture an acquired or learnt.<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nIs culture an individual phenomenon.
\nAnswer:
\nNo, culture an individual phenomenon it is a group phenomenona.<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
Question 6.
\nName few things included in the material culture.
\nAnswer:
\nMaterial culture are printing press, banks, money and asper like.<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nWhat are the items included in the non-material culture?
\nAnswer:
\nThe items included in the non-material culture are languages and ideologies, all the contributions such as family, marriage and religion are non-material culture.<\/p>\n
Question 8.
\nWho introduced the concept \u2018cultural lag\u2019?
\nAnswer:
\nCultural lag was introduced by W. F. Og burn.<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nWhat is socialization?
\nAnswer:
\nSocialization begins almost at birth and continues throughout life.<\/p>\n
Question 10.
\nDefine the concept \u2018socialization\u2019.
\nAnswer:
\nAccording to H. M Johnson \u201csocialization in the learning process that enables the learner to perform social roles\u201d.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 11.
\nIs socialization a biological process?
\nAnswer:
\nYes, socialization a biological process.<\/p>\n
Question 12.
\nIs socialization a learning process?
\nAnswer:
\nYes, socialization a learning process.<\/p>\n
Question 13.
\nWhat is primary identification?
\nAnswer:
\nThe personality of the child. His role and that of the mother are not probably clearly distinguished. Hence the infant and mother are merged Sigmund Freud called this stage as the stage of primary identification.<\/p>\n
Question 14.
\nWhat is oedipus complex?
\nAnswer:
\nSigmond Freud has suggested that at this stage a boy develops \u201coedipus complex\u201d that is a feeling of Jealousy towards his father and love towards his mother.<\/p>\n
Question 15.
\nWhat is electra complex?
\nAnswer:
\nIf a girl develops the \u201cElectra complex\u201d that is a feeling of Jealousy towards her mother and love towards her father.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Question 16.
\nName any two agents of socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nthe two Agencies of socialization are:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Informal agencies<\/li>\n
- Formal agencies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 17.
\nIs school an authoritarian agent of socialization?
\nAnswer:
\nYes, school is an authoritarian agent of socialization.<\/p>\nQuestion 18.
\nWhat is a peer group?
\nAnswer:
\nThe peer group consists of his agemates, Playmates, Statusmates, those who from the inner circle of friends, classmates, workmates etc.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n1st PUC Sociology Culture and Socialization Two Marks Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
Question 1.
\nDefine culture.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n- \n
- According to Malinowski: \u201cculture is the handiwork of man and the medium through which he achieves his ends\u201d<\/li>\n
- According to Robert Bierstedt \u201c Culture is the Complex whole that consists of everything we think and do and have as members of society.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 2.
\nExplain any one feature of culture.
\nAnswer:
\nState any features of Culture:<\/p>\n- \n
- Culture is learnt<\/li>\n
- Culture is social<\/li>\n
- Culture is shared<\/li>\n
- Culture is transmissive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Question 3.
\nWhat is material culture?
\nAnswer:
\nAccording to Og bum material Culture includes all the man made concrete, tangible, visible things. They include for example the house, buildings, furniture, automobiles, machine, dams, locomotives etc.<\/p>\n<\/p>\nQuestion 4.
\nWhat is non- material culture?
\nAnswer:
\nNonmaterial culture includes all the abstracts intangible invisible elements. The beliefs, tradition, habits, values etc are examples of non- material culture.<\/p>\nQuestion 5.
\nWhat is cultural lag?
\nAnswer:
\nWhen nonmaterial culture cannot adjust itself to the material culture it falls behind the material culture. As a result there exists a gap between the two. According to Ogburn, this gap between the material culture and non- material culture is called.\u201ccultural lag\u201d.<\/p>\nQuestion 6.
\nWhat is socialization?
\nAnswer:
\nAccording to H. M Johnson \u201csocialization in the learning process that enables the learner to perform social roles\u201d.<\/p>\nQuestion 7.
\nHow is socialization a process?
\nAnswer:
\nThe concept of socialization is one of the central concepts in sociology. It is a learning process by which an individual develops into a social being and is able to function in society. Childrearing formal education, acculturation and role learning are all socializing processes that help to mould individuals to the ways of their society & culture.<\/p>\nQuestion 8.
\nName the stages of socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nThe stages of socialization are:<\/p>\n- \n
- The oral stage<\/li>\n
- The anal stage<\/li>\n
- The oedipal stage<\/li>\n
- The stage of Adolescence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nWhat is a primary identification?
\nAnswer:
\nThe personality of the child, his role and that of the mother are not probably clearly distinguished. Hence the infant and mother are merged Sigmund Freud called this stage as the stage of a primary identification.<\/p>\nQuestion 10.
\nWhat is meant by oral crisis?
\nAnswer:
\nThe oral stage commences at birth and continues till the completion of first year. At birth the child faced the first crisis that is he must breath exert himself to fed, exposed to conditions of wet and other discomforts. Here the child cries a lot for everything, by this the child establishes oral dependency and also learns to signal his needs for care.<\/p>\nQuestion 11.
\nWhat is meant by Oedipus complex?
\nAnswer:
\nSigmund Freud has suggested that at this stage the boy develops \u201cOedipus complex\u201d that is a feeling of jealously towards his father and love towards his mother.<\/p>\nQuestion 12.
\nWhat is meant by Electra complex?
\nAnswer:
\nIf a girl develops the \u201cElectra complex\u201d that is a feeling of Jealousy towards her mother and love towards her father.<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n1st PUC Sociology Culture and Socialization Five Marks Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
Question 1.
\nExplain the meaning of culture.
\nAnswer:
\nCulture and human society are the two faces of the same coin. They always go hand-in-hand. Culture is a unique feature that differentiates human society from animals. Man is not only a social animal, but also a cultural animal, every man can be considered as a representative of the culture. Therefore culture can also be considered an important agency of social change. According to Robert Bierstedt \u201c Culture is the Complex whole that consists of everything we think and do and have as members of society\u201d.<\/p>\nAccording to Malinowski: \u201cculture is the handiwork of man and the medium through which he achieves his ends\u201d.
\nAccording to Edward B.Tylor, \u201cCulture is that complex whole which includes knowledge beliefs, arts, morals, law, custom, language and any other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society\u201d.<\/p>\nQuestion 2.
\nExplain any four features of culture.
\nAnswer:
\nAccording to Malinowski: \u201cculture is the handiwork of man and the medium through which he achieves his ends\u201d<\/p>\nCharacteristics of culture are:<\/p>\n
Culture is learnt: Culture is often understood as learned ways of behaviors. Culture is not an inborn tendency. It is acquired or learnt. It includes those learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next. Therefore what is learned through socialization and are acquired in group life are what is called culture.<\/p>\n
Culture is Social: Culture is not the property of any individual. It is the social heritage of man. It is a way of group life. It originates in and develops through social interaction. It consists of a number of behavior patterns that are common to a group of people. It is the inclusive of all expectation of the members of the groups. Thus culture is a social products shared by most of the members of the group.<\/p>\n
Culture is Shared: Culture is a social property. It belongs to the group. The elements of culture such as customs beliefs, idea, folkways, mores, and language are all belonged to the people of a group. These are commonly shared by the members of a group. So culture is the product of groups life. Culture cannot be hidden and used by one individual. According to Robert Bierstadt. \u201cCulture is something adopted, used believed, practiced or possessed by more than one person\u201d.<\/p>\n
Culture is Transmissive: Culture is the total social heritage. It is linked with the past. The past continues because it lives in culture. Culture is something that can be transmitted from one generation to the next. Culture is passed through language. Language is the chief vehicles of culture. Culture is also passed from one generation to another through traditions and customs. It is a product of human experience.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 3.
\nWrite a note on the contents of culture.
\nAnswer:
\nAccording to Robert Bierstedt \u201c Culture is the Complex whole that consists of everything we think and do and have as members of society.<\/p>\nCharacteristics of culture are:<\/p>\n
Culture is learnt: Culture is often understood as learned ways of behaviors. Culture is not an inborn tendency. It is acquired or learnt. It includes those learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next. Therefore what is learned through socialization and are acquired in group life are what is called culture.<\/p>\n
Culture is Social: Culture is not the property of any individual. It is the social heritage of man. It is a way of group life. It originates in and develops through social interaction.<\/p>\n
It consists of a number of behavior patterns that are common to a group of people. It is the inclusive of all expectation of the members of the groups. Thus culture is a social products shared by most of the members of the group.<\/p>\n
Culture is Shared: Culture is a social property. It belongs to the group. The elements of culture such as customs beliefs, idea, folkways, mores, and language are all belonged to the people of a group. These are commonly shared by the members of a group. So culture is the product of groups life. Culture cannot be hidden and used by one individual.<\/p>\n
According to Robert Bierstadt. \u201cCulture is something adopted, used believed, practiced or possessed by more than one person\u201d.<\/p>\n
Culture is Transmissive: Culture is the total social heritage. It is linked with the past. The past continues because it lives in culture. Culture is something that can be transmitted 1 from one generation to the next. Culture is passed through language. Language is the chief vehicles of culture. Culture is also passed from one generation to another through traditions and customs. It is a product of human experience.<\/p>\n
Culture is Relative: All societies are not uniform. Hence all culture are also not uniform. They are vary and differ from time to time and place to place. There may be common elements such as customs, mores, folkways, art forms, dietary habits, value systems, institutions etc,, may be seen everywhere culture is also related to time. It varies from time to time. History of every society is the history of change in culture from – time to time.<\/p>\n
Culture is Dynamic: Culture is not a static phenomena. It is a Dynamic entity. Changes in society implies changes in its culture; Culture simply means a way of life. It is nothing ” but a total \u201cdesign for living\u201d. Factors like inventions, problems, plans and policies etc.<\/p>\n
have a drastic effect on culture. As society changes a new way of life in evolved and . adopted to adjust with the changing circumstances. Every factor that during changes in society will also being changes in the culture. Thus culture is dynamic.<\/p>\n
Culture is Gratifying: Culture is the pilot of every human activity. Culture provides the necessary environment for the satisfaction of human wants. It shows the way for getting the work done. Culture determines and guides the activities of men.<\/p>\n
Culture is continuous and cumulative: Culture is an growing phenomenon. It includes the glory of the past and the achievements present. Eg: Bullock carts, train, Aero planes etc., achievements. It is always cumulative.<\/p>\n
Culture is Idea national: It is not merely material and non material culture. One cannot confine the culture as an objects which satisfies different goals of life. The members of society provides a psychological meanings to their own cultural traits. They attach the I sentiments to their cultural elements. In this regard Herbert Spencer considers culture is neither organic, nor inorganic but it is super organic. It is commonly witnessed that people, never tolerate any condemnation of their culture.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 4.
\nDistinguish between material and non-material parts of a culture.
\nAnswer:
\nMaterial culture: according to Ogbum material culture includes all the man made concrete, tangible, visible things. They include for example the house, buildings, furniture, automobiles, machines, dams, locomotives etc. it also includes the printing press, banks, money and the like. Material culture is also referred to as \u201cCivilization\u201d. The material culture is undergoing rapid changes within a short period of time.<\/p>\nNon Material Culture: it includes all the abstracts intangible invisible elements. The beliefs, tradition, habits, values, rituals etc. are the examples for non material culture. Ogburn includes . languages and ideologies, all the contributions such as family, marriage and religion in non\u00acmaterial culture. It is said that the non material culture changes slowly and does not adjust itself to the changes in material culture.<\/p>\n
Question 5.
\nExplain the concept of cultural lag.
\nAnswer:
\nThe concept of cultural lag was first introduced by W. F. Ogbum published in his book entitled \u2018Social change\u2019 in 1922. In his book he had delineated the two aspects of culture-material and non material. In that context he introduced the concept of cultural lag. By the very natural of it the material aspects changes quickly but the non material changes but slowly. The change between material and non material culture is called gap or lag. The word lag denotes crippled movement of one part of culture as compared with the other. Culture has two parts, material and nonmaterial. Both be changed by human begins.<\/p>\nIn the process of change Ogbum believes that both the material culture and nonmaterial culture undergoes change. But the non-material culture according to Ogbum is often slow to respond to the rapid changes in material culture. When non material culture cannot adjust itself to the material culture it falls behind the two. According to Ogbum this gap between the material culture and nonmaterial culture is called \u201ccultural lag\u201d.<\/p>\n
In the words of Ogbum \u201cthe strain that exists between two correlated parts of culture that change at unequal rates of speed may be interpreted as a lag in the part that is changing at the slowest rate for the one lags behind the other\u201d. For example a lag is seen when people change method of cultivation without change in the land owning system. Thus according to Ogbum one of the main problems of adjustment in modem society is due to problem of uneven speed of change in material and non material culture.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 6.
\nExplain the concept of socialization?
\nAnswer:
\nThe concept of socialization is one of the central concepts in sociology. It is a learning process by which an individual develops into a social being and is able to function in society. Childrearing, formal education, acculturation and role learning are all socializing processes that help to mould individuals to the ways of their society & culture. Socialization begins almost at birth and continues throughout life.<\/p>\nThe human infant comes into the world as a biological organism with animal needs. It is gradually molded into social being and he learns the social ways of acting and feeling. Without this process of moulding the society could not continue itself, nor could culture does not exist, nor could the individual becomes a person. This process of moulding is called \u201cSocialization\u201d.<\/p>\n
According to H. M. Johnson: \u201cSocialization in the learning process that enables the learner to perform social roles\u201d.
\nAccording to Ogburn & Nimkoff: \u201cSocialization is the process by which the individual learns to conform to the norms of the group\u201d.<\/p>\nOn the basis of above given definition we can draw the fact that socialization is a learning process by which one acquires the culture of his group. This will help an individual to develop his \u2018Self concept. He is converted into an active member of the community.<\/p>\n
Question 7.
\nExamine socialization as a process?
\nAnswer:
\nThe concept of socialization is one of the central concepts in sociology. It is a learning process by which an individual develops into a social being and is able to function in society. Child rearing, formal education, acculturation and role learning are all socializing processes that help to mould individuals to the ways of their society & culture. Socialization begins almost at birth and continues throughout life.<\/p>\nThe human infant comes into the world as a biological organism with animal needs. It is gradually moulded into social being and he leams the social ways of acting and feeling. Without this process of moulding the society could not continue itself, nor could culture does not exist, nor could the individual becomes a person. This process of moulding is called \u201cSocialization\u201d.<\/p>\n
According to H. M. Johnson: \u201cSocialization in the learning process that enables the learner to perform social roles\u201d.
\nAccording to Ogburn & Nimkoff: \u201cSocialization is the process by which the individual leams . to conform to the morms of the group\u201d.<\/p>\nOn the basis of above given definition we can draw the fact that socialization is a learning process by which one acquires the culture ofhis group. This will help an individual to develop his Self concept. He is converted into an active member of the community.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 8.
\nExamine socialization as a learning process.
\nAnswer:
\nSocialization is Social Learning Process: As it is made in the definitions cited previously socialization is learning social roles and social rules. Socialization is a process in which the newborn individual is inducted into the social world. It is the process of culture learning also. As Richard T. Schaefer has pointed out, \u201cSocialization is the process whereby people leam the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as member of a particular culture\u201d.<\/p>\nSocialization is a continuous process: It is a process of inducting the individual into the social world. It consists in teaching culture which he must acquire and share. Socialization is social learning. This learning is not intermittent but continuous. The more we try to leam the more remains to be leant. Perfection in social learning is rarely achieved. The process of socialization is something that continues throughout life.<\/p>\n
Question 9.
\nExplain the oral stage of socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nH. M. Johnson has listed four stages of socialization.
\nThe oral stage: The oral stage commences at birth and continues till the completion of first year. At birth the child faced the first crisis that is he must breath exert himself to fed, exposed to conditions of wet and other discomforts. Here the child cries a lot for everything; by this the child establishes oral dependency and also learns to signal his needs for care.<\/p>\nIn this stage the child is founding sub system consisting of two persons himself and his mother. For others the child is little more than a possession. The child cannot differentiate the role of others from the mother. Thus in this stage in the personality of the child, his role and that of the mother are not probably clearly distinguished. Hence the infant and mother are merged. Sigmund Freud called the stage as the stage of a \u201cPrimary Identification\u201d.<\/p>\n
Question 10.
\nDiscuss the family as an agent of socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nThe family: Family is the first agency of socialization of the child. Physical nearness, close relationship, passiveness of the child, authority of parents over the child etc., all have greater influence in moulding the personality of the child.<\/p>\nIn family, parental influence, particularly of the mother, is very great. From the parents the child learns language. It is taught number of civic virtues. The child gets his first lessons in cooperation, tolerance self-sacrifice, love and affection, etc., in the family.<\/p>\n
The earliest and the closet ties of an individual are with his parents and siblings. There have authority over the child. Possessiveness of the child and its emotional attachment with parents and siblings make socialization an easy and smooth process. Cultural heritage is passed from one generation to the other in family.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 11.
\nDiscuss the peer group as an agent of socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nThe next most important agency of socialization is the peer group. The peer group consists of his age mates, playmates, and status mates, those who form the inner circle of friends, classmates, and workmates etc., who share almost the status with the child. They serve an important function in defining appropriate behavior, acquiring appropriate roles, setting standards of conduct, arriving at a level of personal independence and inculcating goals.<\/p>\nThe child acquires something from his friends and playmates which he cannot acquires cooperative morality and some of the informal aspects of culture like fashions, fads, crazes, modes of gratification etc. the peer group also provides opportunities to explore tabooed topics. For instance, most of the sex knowledge in early stage, rightly or wrongly, comes from one\u2019s peer group.<\/p>\n
Question 12.
\nDiscuss the school as an agent of socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nThe School
\nSchool is also an agent of socialization. Teachers in school play a decisive role in molding child\u2019s personality. Since the family in itself is not fully equipped to prepare the child for adult roles, school has an important role to play. In the school the child gets his education which moulds his ideas and attitudes, school transmits not only required knowledge but also important values such as cooperation, discipline, patriotism, friendship etc. it helps further development of intellectual, emotional and social development. It is a formal agency that socializes the child.<\/p>\nQuestion 13.
\nDiscuss the role of mass-media in socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nThe Mass Media: The print and audio-visual means of communication have a great role to play in child\u2019s .’ocialization. Newspaper, magazine, text books, television etc., play a lucid role in transmitting culture from one generation to the other. The state may also use them deliberately to educate the mass. They may be used purposively to change the value system.<\/p>\nIn traditional and simple societies the agencies of socialization are limited and harmonious in influencing the personality of the individual. In complex societies, however, there are many and diverse agencies, at time working at cross purposes.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n1st PUC Sociology Culture and Socialization Ten Marks Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n
Question 1.
\nDefine culture and explain all its chief characteristics.
\nAnswer:
\nAccording to Robert Bierstedt \u201cCulture is the Complex whole that consists of everything we think and do and have as members of society.<\/p>\nCharacteristics of culture are:<\/p>\n
Culture is learnt: Culture is often understood as learned ways of behaviors. Culture is not an inborn tendency. It is acquired or learnt. It includes those learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting that are transmitted from one generation to the next. Therefore what is learned through socialization and are applied in group life is what is called culture.<\/p>\n
Culture is Social: Culture is not the property ofanyindividual.lt is the social heritage of man. It is a way of group life. It originates in and develops through social interaction. It consists of a number of behavior patterns that are common to a group of people. It is the inclusive of all expectation of the members of the groups. Thus culture is a social products shared by most of the members of the group.<\/p>\n
Culture is Shared: Culture is a social property. It belongs to the group. The elements of culture such as customs beliefs, idea, folkways, mores, and language are all belonges to the people of a group. These are commonly shared by the members of a group. So culture is the product of group\u2019s life. Culture cannot be hidden and used by one individual. According to Robert Bierstadt. \u201cCulture is something adopted, believed, practiced or possessed by more than one person\u201d.<\/p>\n
Culture is Transmissive: Culture is the total social heritage. It is linked with the past. The past continues because it lives in culture. Culture is something that can be transmitted from one generation to the next. Culture is passed through language. Language is the chief vehicles of culture. Culture is also passed from one generation to another through traditions and customs. It is a product of human experience.<\/p>\n
Culture is Relative: All societies are not uniform. Hence all cultures are also not uniform. They varying and differ from time to time and place to place. There may be common elements such as customs, mores, folkways, art forms, dietary habits, value systems, institutions etc, that may be seen everywhere Culture is also related to time. It varies from time to time. History of every society is the history of change in culture from time to time.<\/p>\n
Culture is Dynamic: Culture is not a static phenomenon. It is a Dynamic entity. Changes in society imply changes in its culture. Culture simply means a way of life. It is nothing but a total \u201cdesign for living\u201d. Factors like inventions, problems, plans and policies etc. have a drastic effect on culture. As society changes a new way of life in evolved and adopted to adjust with the changing circumstances. Every factor during changes in society will also bring changes in the culture. Thus, culture is dynamic.<\/p>\n
Culture is Gratifying: Culture is the pilot of every human activity. Culture provides the necessary environment for the satisfaction of human wants . It shows the way for getting the work done. Culture determines and guides the activities of men.<\/p>\n
Culture is continuous and cumulative: Culture is an growing phenomenon. It includes the glory of the past and the achievements of present. Eg: Bullock carts, train, Aeroplanes etc., achievements. It is always cumulative.<\/p>\n
Culture is Ideal in Nature: It is not merely material and non material culture. One cannot confine the culture as objects which satisfy different goals of life. The members of society provide psychological meanings to their own cultural traits. They attach the sentiments to their cultural elements. In this regard Herbert Spencer considers\u2019culture is neither organic, nor inorganic but it is super organic. It is commonly witnessed that people never tolerate any condemnation of their culture.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 2.
\nExplain the different stages of socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nH.M. Johnson, in his treatise \u201cSociology-A Systematic Introduction\u201d has listed four stages of socialization. These stages are<\/p>\n- \n
- The oral stage<\/li>\n
- The anal stage<\/li>\n
- The oedipal stage<\/li>\n
- Stage of Adolescence.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
1. The oral stage: The oral stage commences at birth arid continues till the completion of first year. At birth the child faced the first crisis that is he must breath, exert himself to fed, exposed to conditions of wet and other discomforts. Here the child cries a lot for everything, by this the child establishes oral dependency and also learns to signal his needs for care.<\/p>\n
In this stage the child is founding sub system consisting of two persons himself and his mother. For others the child is little more than a possession. The child cannot differentiate the role of others from the mother. Thus in this stage in the personality of the child, his role and that of the mother are not probably clearly distinguished. Hence the infant and mother are merged. Sigmund Freud called the stage as the stage of a \u201cprimary identification\u201d.<\/p>\n
2. The Anal stage: According to Sigmond Freud the Anal Stage normally begins after first year. Completed during the third year. The crisis of this period is called anal crisis and is caused by imposition of new demands. In this stage the child is asked to take over some degree of care for himself. Anal disciplines are learned through what in ordinary termed as \u201cToilet Training\u201d.<\/p>\n
In this stage the child internalizes to clearly separated roles- his own and that of the mother. The child now apart from receiving love and care also starts giving love in return. In this stage the child becomes capable of discriminating between correct and incorrect performances in two ways. Firstly by the training from the socializing agent and secondly by being rewarded for correct actions and punished for incorrect or wrong actions.<\/p>\n
3. The Oedipal stage: The third stage begins from the fourth year of the child and lasts up to puberty, that is the age of twelve or thirteen years. At this stage he starts taking himself as the member of the family. He also becomes familiar with his or her roles. Sigmund Freud has suggested that at this stage the boy develops \u201cOedipus complex\u201d. That is a feeling of Jealousy towards his father and love towards his mother.<\/p>\n
Likewise a girl develops the \u201cElectra complex\u201d that is a feeling of jealousy towards her mother and love towards her father. These feeling in both the cases are believed to be sexual. Moreover indentifying different role models is an important thing to be observed in this stage.<\/p>\n
In this stage the child joins the group of his playmates. Interest in the opposite sex in this period in relatively content. In this stage the boy makes three kinds of identification. They are.<\/p>\n
- \n
- Sex role identification that is identification with the father and brother.<\/li>\n
- Role of the child in the family that is identification with his siblings.<\/li>\n
- Identification with the family as a member.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
4. The Stage of Adolescence: The fourth stage begins roughly at puberty. This is an important stage of socialization because of changes like physiological and psychological start taking place within the individual. In this stage the young ones would like to free themselves from parental control. This stage is said to be very sensitive for boys and girls because they pass through various types of emotional crisis. Sex instinct which was latent till now is aroused and an interest in the opposite sex is heightened. But the sexual norms prevailing in the society will not allow them to satisfy it as and when they wish.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 3.
\nExamine the role played by different agents in socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nFormal agencies:<\/p>\nThe School: School is also an important agent of socialization. Teachers in school play – a decisive role in molding child\u2019s personality. Since the family in itself is not fully equipped to prepare the child for adult roles, school has an important role to play. In the school the child gets his education which moulds his ideas and attitudes, school transmits not only required knowledge but also important values such as cooperation, discipline, patriotism, friendship etc. it helps further development of intellectual, emotional and social development already begun in the family. It is a formal agency that socializes the child authoditway.<\/p>\n
The Mass Media: The print and audio-visual means of communication have a great role to play in child\u2019s socialization. Newspaper, magazine, text books, television etc., play a lucid role in transmitting culture from one generation to the other. The state may also use them deliberately to educate the mass. They may be used purposively to change the value system.<\/p>\n
In traditional and simple societies the agencies of socialization are limited and harmonious in influencing the personality of the individual. In complex societies, however, there are many and diverse agencies, at time working at cross purposes.<\/p>\n
State: The state plays an important role in socialization. It is an authoritarian agency. State makes laws for the people and lays down the modes of conduct expected of them. The people have to compulsorily obey these laws. The state has immense power at its command which helps the development of personality of an individual. This will help the individual to adjust with social situation. State makes arrangement to socialize people through the media and other means of communication. State teaches citizens to follow the rules of law and values. State motivates its citizens by rewarding for their achievements.<\/p>\n
Formal education: On the other hand is designed, consciously and deliberately given with a planned pursuit what takes place within the four walls of the school, strictly officially in accordance with the curriculum is format instruction. Time table, syllabi, specialized and compartmentalized knowledge, authority pattern, official structure, by laws, disciplines, hierarchy of teachers and class grades, examination system all reflects the formal design of the school and colleges. As it is with the modern social structure characterized by formal institutions and relations in performing economic, industrial, legal and political regulative functions.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\nQuestion 4.
\nDefine Socialization. Explain the role of culture in socialization.
\nAnswer:
\nSocialization is an important matter for society. It doesn\u2019t occur accidently. But should be controlled through cultural directions. Social nature is very much influenced by the culture of an individual. It is a known fact that man is bom as a biological animal. He becomes social animal only through the process of socialization. Culture is the content that is length in the process of socialization. Though culture varies from society to society, every society has its own distinct culture. Therefore society, culture and socialization are closely related to each other, Socialization that turns the child in to a useful members of society according to cultural directions.<\/p>\nThe role of culture in socialization can be explained in the followings:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Culture provides the base to the socialization process was making the individual a normal social being.<\/li>\n
- Culture provides the guidance to the individual to control his various activities.
\nWhich he learns through the process of socialization.<\/li>\n - Culture assists socialization in teaching the culture qualities like morality, good behaviors, positive attitude, ideals and values.<\/li>\n
- Culture through the process of socialization helps the individual to decide his career.<\/li>\n
- Cultures through the socialization also provide guidance to the individual to maintain their behavior patterns according to social situation.<\/li>\n
- Culture through the socialization process helps an individual to become an important contributor to society.<\/li>\n
- Culture through the process of socialization helps to work for social welfare and develop a positive attitude towards all.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Karnataka 1st PUC Sociology Question Bank Chapter 4 Culture and Socialization You can Download Chapter 4 Culture and Socialization Questions and Answers, Notes, 1st\u00a0PUC Sociology Question Bank with Answers\u00a0Karnataka State Board Solutions help you to revise complete Syllabus and score more marks in your examinations. 1st PUC Sociology Culture and Socialization One Mark Questions and …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[81],"tags":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7482"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7482\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}