{"id":280,"date":"2020-09-15T09:13:28","date_gmt":"2020-09-15T03:43:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/?p=280"},"modified":"2021-07-02T15:01:51","modified_gmt":"2021-07-02T09:31:51","slug":"kseeb-sslc-class-10-science-solutions-chapter-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/kseeb-sslc-class-10-science-solutions-chapter-9\/","title":{"rendered":"KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution"},"content":{"rendered":"

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution<\/strong>\u00a0are part of KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions<\/a>. Here we have given Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution.<\/p>\n

Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution<\/h2>\n

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Intext Questions<\/h3>\n

Text Book Part II Page No. 53<\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nIf a trait A exists in 10% of a population of an asexually reproducing species and a trait B exists in 60% of the same population, which trait is likely to have arisen earlier?
\nAnswer:
\nTrait B have higher percentage hence, it is likely to have arisen earlier. In asexual reproduction, there would be only very minor differences generated due to small inaccuracies in DNA copying, so trait B, which exists in 60% of the same population may get inherited earlier while trait A which exists in 10% of the population may be originated late due to variations.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nHow does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?
\nAnswer:
\nVariation is a process which occurs sometimes at cellular level of reproduction. It cause small changes in the genotype natural selection selects the individuals having useful variations which ensure their survival in the prevailing conditions of environment, variant individuals that can withstand or cope with prevailing environment will survive letter and will increase in number through reproduction.<\/p>\n

Text Book Part II Page No. 57<\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nHow do Mendel\u2019s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive?
\nAnswer:
\nThe trait which appears in all the members of F1 generation and also in 75% numbers of F2 generation obtained by self fertilisation of F1 generation is dominant character.
\nThe trait which does not appear in F1 generation but after selffertilisation of F1 generation, reappears in 25% of F2 generation is known as recessive.<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nHow do Mendel\u2019s experiments show that traits are inherited independently?
\nAnswer:
\nMendel thought that if two different characteristics, rather than just one are bred with each other. What do the progeny of a tall plant with round seeds and a short plant with wrinkled seeds look like? They are all tall and have round seeds. Tallness and round seeds are thus dominant traits, But what happens when these F1<\/sub> progeny are used to generate F2<\/sub> progeny by self pollination? A Mendelian experiment will find that some F2<\/sub> progeny are tall plants with round seeds and some were short plants with wrinkled seeds. However there would also be some F2<\/sub> progeny that showed new combinations. Some of them would be tall, but have wrinkled seeds, while others would be short, but have round seeds, you can see as to how new combinations of traits are formed in F2<\/sub> offspring when factors controlling for seed shape and seed colour recombine to form zygote leading to form F2<\/sub> offspring. Thus the tall\/short trait and the round seed\/wrinkled seed trair are independently inherited.
\n\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nA man with blood group A marries a woman with blood group O and their daughter has blood group O. Is this information enough to tell you which of the traits – blood group A or O – is dominant? Why or why not?
\nAnswer:
\nNo this information is not sufficient to determine which of the traits: blood group A or O is dominant. Blood group A can be genotypically AA or AO. Hence, the information is incomplete.<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nHow is the sex of the child determined in human beings?
\nAnswer:
\n\"KSEEB<\/p>\n

Most human chromosomes have a maternal and a paternal copy, and we have 22 such pairs. But one pair, called the sex chromosomes, is odd in not always being a perfect pair. Women have a perfect pair of sex chromosomes, both called x. But men have a mismatched pair in which one is a normal-sized x, while the other is a short one called y. So women are xx, while men are xy. As fig. shows half the children will be boys and half will be girls. And children will inherit an x chromosome from their mother regardless of whether they are boys of girls. Thus the sex of the children will be determined by what they inherit from their father. A child who inherits an x chromosome, from her rather will be a girl, and one who inherits a y chromosome from him will be a boy.<\/p>\n

Text Book Part II Page No. 60<\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat are the different ways in which individuals with a particular trait may increase in a population?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u00a0Natural selection,<\/li>\n
  2. \u00a0Genetic drift.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Question 2.
    \nWhy are traits acquired during the life-time of an individual not inherited?
    \nAnswer:
    \nTraits acquired physically, emotionally are not a change which affects the genotype of an individual so it does not get inherited for coming generations and also acquired trait involves change in non-reproductive tissues which cannot be passed on to germ cells or the Progeny. Therefore, these traits cannot be inherited.<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nWhy are the small numbers of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the point of view of genetics?
    \nAnswer:
    \nThe small number of tigers indicates that tiger variants are having many challenges and not capable to adopt the existing environment and may extinct soon. The small number of members in a population of tigers may cause small number of variations, which are essential for the survival of the species. A deadly disease, or calamity may be fatal to alhthe tigers. Since, tigers are among the top consumers in our ecosystem hence, their presence in our surrounding is a must.<\/p>\n

    Text Book Part II Page No. 61<\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nWhat factors could lead to the rise of a new species?
    \nAnswer:
    \nGenetic drift and Natural selection are the two factors which lead to the rise of a new species.<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nWill geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of a self pollinating plant species? Why or why not?
    \nAnswer:
    \nNo, geographical isolation cannot prevent speciation in this case, since the plants are self-pollinating, which means that the pollens are transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same flower or of another flower of the same plant. Geographical isolation can prevent the transfer of pollens among different plants only and not pollination.<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nWill geographical isolation be a major factor in the speciation of an organism that reproduces asexually? Why or why not?
    \nAnswer:
    \nNo, because geographical isolation does not affect much in asexually reproducing organisms. Asexually reproducing organisms pass on the parent DNA to offsprings that leaves no chance of speciation. However, geographical isolation works as a major factor in cross pollinated species. As it would result in pollinated species and accumulation of variation in the two geographically separated population.<\/p>\n

    Text Book Part II Page No. 66<\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nGive an example of characteristics being used to determine how close two species are in evolutionary terms.
    \nAnswer:
    \nBirds and reptiles are great example of two close species. Feathers in some ancient reptiles, as fossils indicate, they were evolved to provide insulation in cold weather. However, they cannot fly with these feathers, later on birds adapted the feathers to flight. This means that birds are very closely related to reptiles, since dinosaurs were reptile.<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nCan the wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat be considered homologous organs? Why or why not?
    \nAnswer:
    \nThe wing of a butterfly and the wing of a bat are similar in function i.e., flying. They look similar because of common use for flying, but their origins are different. Since, they perform similar function, they are analogous organs and not homologous.<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nWhat are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of evolution?
    \nAnswer:
    \nUsually when organisms die, their bodies will decompose and be lost. But every once in a while, the body or at least some parts may be in an environment that does not let it decompose completely. If a dead insect gets caught in hot-mud, for example, it will not decompose quickly, and the mud will eventually harden and retain the impression of the body parts of the insect. All such preserved traces of living organisms are called fossils.
    \nFossils explain about the extinct species every existed.<\/p>\n

    Text Book Part II Page No. 68<\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nWhy are human beings who look so different from each other in terms of size, colour and looks said to belong to the same species?
    \nAnswer:
    \nA species is a group of organisms that are capable of interbreeding to produce a fertile offspring. Skin colour, looks and size are all variety of features present in human beings. These features are genetic but also environmentally controlled. Various human races are formed based on these features. All human races have more than enough similarities to be classified as same species. Therefore, all human beings are a single species as humans of different colour, size and looks are capable of reproduction and can produce a fertile off spring.<\/p>\n

    Because all humans are a single species.<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nIn evolutionary terms, can we say which among bacteria, spiders, fish and chimpanzees have a \u2018better\u2019 body design? Why or why not?
    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    Evolution cannot always be equated with progress or better body designs. Evolution simply creates more complex body designs. However, this does not mean that the simple body designs are inefficient. In fact, bacteria having a simple body design are still the most cosmopolitan organisms found on earth. They can survive in hot springs, deep sea and even freezing environment.<\/p>\n

    Therefore, bacteria, spiders, fish and chimpanzees are all different branches of evolution.<\/p>\n

    KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Textbook Exercises<\/h3>\n

    Question 1.
    \nA Mendelian experiment consisted of breeding tall pea plants bearing violet flowers with short pea plants bearing white flowers. The progeny all bore violet flowers, but almost half of them were short. This suggests that the genetic make-up of the tall parent can be depicted as
    \n(a) TTWW
    \n(b) TTww
    \n(c) TtWW
    \n(d) TtWw
    \nAnswer:
    \n(c) TtWW.<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nAn example of homologous organs is
    \n(a) our arm and a dog\u2019s fore-leg.
    \n(b) our teeth and an elephant\u2019s tusks.
    \n(c) potato and runners of grass.
    \n(d) all of the above.
    \nAnswer:
    \n(d) all of the above.<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nIn evolutionary terms, we have more in common with
    \n(a) a Chinese school-boy.
    \n(b) a chimpanzee.
    \n(c) a spider.
    \n(d) a bacterium.
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) a Chinese school-boy.<\/p>\n

    Question 4.
    \nA study found that children with light-coloured eyes are likely to have parents with light-coloured eyes. On this basis, can we say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive? Why or why not?
    \nAnswer:
    \nThis information is not complete. We cannot say anything about whether the light eye colour trait is dominant or recessive only one generation is there.<\/p>\n

    Question 5.
    \nHow are the areas of study – evolution and classification – interlinked?
    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    Classification shows how clearly organisms are closely related with respect do evolution. As we know that each organism has descended from its ancestral type with some modification.<\/p>\n

    Classification involves grouping of organism based on similarities in internal and external structure or evolutionary history.<\/p>\n

    Two species are more closely related, if they have more characteristics in common. Different organisms would have common features if they are inherited from a common ancestor. And, if two species are more closely related, then it means they have a more recent ancestor. With subsequent generations, the variations make organisms more different than their ancestors. This discussion clearly proves that we classify organisms according to their resemblance which is similar to creating an evolutionary tree.<\/p>\n

    Question 6.
    \nExplain the terms analogous and homologous organs with examples.
    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    Homologous organs are those organs of different organisms which have the same basic structural design and origin but perform different functions. Example: the forelimbs of humans and the wings of birds look different externally but their skeletal structure is similar.<\/p>\n

    Analogus organs are those organs of different organism which have the different basic structural design and origin but have similar functions. Example: the wings of birds and bat.<\/p>\n

    Question 7.
    \nOutline a project which aims to find the dominant coat colour in dogs.
    \nAnswer:
    \nDog has 11 genes A….T. It acquires one chromosome from his father or mother. As per genetics Dog may be black or brown. They have 25% of BB and 50% Bb and 25% bb of genes. It is as follows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
    <\/td>\nB<\/td>\nb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B<\/td>\nBB<\/td>\nBb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    b<\/td>\nBb<\/td>\nbb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Question 8.
    \nExplain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary relationships.
    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    The fossils are the remains of organisms that once existed on earth.<\/p>\n

    Fossil provide us evidence about<\/p>\n

      \n
    • The organisms that lived long ago , their structure etc.<\/li>\n
    • Evolutionary development of particular species i.e., line of their development with time and other environmental factors.<\/li>\n
    • Connecting links between groups. For example, feathers present in reptiles means that birds are very closely related to reptiles.<\/li>\n
    • Which organisms evolved earlier and which later.<\/li>\n
    • Development of complex body designs from the simple body designs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Question 9.
      \nWhat evidence do we have for the origin of life from inanimate matter?
      \nAnswer:
      \nJ.B.S. Haldane, a British scientist (who became a citizen of India later), suggested in 1929 that life must have developed from the simple in organic molecules which were present on earth soon after it was formed. How did these organic molecules arise? An answer was suggested by the experiment conducted by Stanley L. Miller and Harold C Urey in 1953.<\/p>\n

      They assembled an atmosphere similar to that thought to exist on early earth (this had molecules like ammonia, methane) and Hydrogen sulphide, but no oxygen) over water. This was maintained at a temperature just below 100\u00b0 c and sparks were passed through the mixture of gases to stimulate lighting. At the end of a week, 15% of the carbon (from methane) had been converted to simple compounds of carbon including amino acids which make up protein molecules. This is the evidence we have for the life from inanimate matter.<\/p>\n

      Question 10.
      \nExplain how sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations than asexusal reproduction. How does this affect the evolution of those organisms that reproduce sexually?
      \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

      Sexual reproduction causes more viable variations due to the following reasons:<\/p>\n

      Two different types of gametes meet to form new individuals which have better possibilities of combinations of traits. Due to the presence of multiple traits, error in copying of DNA are highly significant. At the time of gamete formation, random aggregation of paternal and maternal chromosome occurs. Exchange of genetic material may occur between , homologous chromosomes during formation of gametes. Due to sexual reproduction over generation after generation and selection by nature created wide diversity. In case of asexual reproduction, only the very small changes due to inaccuracies in DNA copying pass on the progeny. Thus, offsprings of asexual reproduction are more or less genetically similar to their parents. So, it can be concluded that evolution in sexually reproducing organisms proceeds at a faster pace than in asexually reproducing organisms.<\/p>\n

      Question 11.
      \nHow is the equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny?
      \nAnswer:
      \nEach cell will have two copies of each chromosome, one each from the male and female parents. Every germ cell will take one chromosome from each pair and these may be of either maternal or paternal origin. When two germ cells combine, they will restore the normal number of chromosomes in the progeny, ensuring the stability of the DNA of the species. Hence there is equal genetic contribution of male and female parents ensured in the progeny.<\/p>\n

      Question 12.
      \nOnly variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Do you agree with this statement? Why or why not?
      \nAnswer:
      \nYes, we agree with the statement that only variations that confer an advantage to an individual organism will survive in a population. Genetic variations are part of natural selection. Genetic variations are one form of variation. Selection is done with respect to the environment. Every variation do not have a survival in the environment in which they exist. The chances of surviving depend upon adaptation by surrounding and the nature of variations. Selection of variants by environmental factors forms the basis for revolutionary process.<\/p>\n

      KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Additional Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

      Question 1.
      \nHow do we know how old the fossils are?
      \nAnswer:
      \nThere are two components to this estimation one is relative. If we dig into the earth and start finding fossils, it is reasonable to suppose that the fossils we find closer to the surface are more recent than the fossils we find in deeper layers. The second way of dating fossils is by detecting the ratios of different isotopes of the same element in the fossil material. It would be interesting to find out exactly how this method works!<\/p>\n

      Question 2.
      \nWhat is Evolution?
      \nAnswer:
      \nEvolution is simply the generation of diversity and the shaping of diversity by environmental selection.<\/p>\n

      Question 3.
      \nWhat is scientific name of man?
      \nAnswer:
      \nHome sapients.<\/p>\n

      Question 4.
      \nWhat does evolution of human beings indicate?
      \nAnswer:
      \nIt indicates that all of us belong to a single species that evolved in Africa and spread across the world in stage.<\/p>\n

      We hope the given KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution will help you. If you have any query regarding Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution\u00a0are part of KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions. Here we have given Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution. Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Science Solutions Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Intext Questions Text …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=280"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/280\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=280"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=280"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kseebsolutions.guru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}