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Karnataka State Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Sociology Chapter 2 Labour

Class 10 Social Science Labour Textual Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the with appropriate answers:

Question 1.
Division of Labour leads to ……………
Answer:
Specialization.

Question 2.
Land less laborer are called as ……………. labourers.
Answer:
Unorganized

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Question 3.
Labourers of medical institutions are called as ………. labourers.
Answer:
Organized

II. Answer the following in a sentence:

Question 1.
What is the Division of Labour?
Answer:
Division of labour means work being done by people depending on their interests, tastes, abilities, age, skills and gender.

Question 2.
What is Labour with payment?
Answer:
The labour which gets compensation based on hours, days or months for semi-skilled or skilled work is considered as Labour with Payment.

Question 3.
What is Labour without payment?
Answer:
If work is done without payment either in cash or kind, then it is called as Labour without payment.

Question 4.
What is organized labour sector?
Answer:
The sector which is enrolled as per the law of the government, and provided fixed wages, facilities within the framework of law is called organised sector.

Question 5.
What is the unorganized labour sector?
Answer:
The unorganised sector of work is that sector where legal provisions do not completely govern.

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Question 6.
What are the challenges faced by unorganized sectors workers?
Answer:
Migration, social security, Legal framework, child labour and physical and Mental Exploitation are the challenges faced by unorganized sectors workers.

III. Discuss in a group and answer the following:

Question 1.
What are the types of organized labour? Explain.
Answer:

  1. In the organized sector, institutions like school, hospital, industries, government-related services, commercial banks, life insurance companies, military and others come.
  2. This sector has to take the permission of the government before it begins its function.
  3. It is also mandatory for them to pay taxes.
  4. It is the responsibility of the institution to pay special facilities and provide employment security for the workers.
  5. It is mandatory for them to provide pay on specified dates along with overtime pay whenever the workers have worked more than the stipulated time.
  6. This sector is guided by legal modalities.
  7. The relationship between employee and employer is guided by legal provisions.

Question 2.
Define discrimination in labour?
Answer:
If differential payment is given for two people who put the same amount of time and efforts, then it is called as Discrimination. Though women and men engage similar work, their compensations are not the same. In India, men are paid more for their work than women. Again there is a lot of discrimination between educated and uneducated. The Safai Karmacharis who clean our roads and gutters receive lesser compensation than the minimum compensation. They spend a lot of energy to clean, but still they receive less compensation. The inequality in society is based on gender class, income, region and religion.

Question 3.
Explain the challenges faced on Social Security issue by the unorganized sectors.
Answer:
The challenges faced by unorganized sector workers are as follows:

  1. Migration: Labourers of unorganized sector migrated from one place to another place in search of work. The people who migrate like this have no social security.
  2. Social Security: Social Security means having minimum needs to lead a life like housing, health, water, food, drinking water, equal opportunity to work and others. Providing these facilities universally and publically is called as social security. But this is not available for people working in the unorganized sector.
  3. Legal framework: The wages as per the payment of Gratuity Act 1971 are not available for the unorganized sector workers. Apart from this they also not eligible for Provident Fund and other such benefits.
  4. Child labour: Children work in an unhealthy environment here on many semiskilled or unskilled works. They work in a dangerous environment and without any guarantee for life.
  5. Physical and metal Exploitation: Most of the women in unorganized sector work as ‘Domestic helpers’. The rate of physical and mental exploitations of these women has doubled these days women are exploited sexually.

Question 4.
What are the differences between organized and unorganized workers?
Answer:

Organized workers Unorganized workers
They working in specific fields with rules and regulation Those who work in areas which are not specific rules
Under the control of the government It is not under government control
They have training talent, experience and educational qualification All workers are not qualified
Job security They are denied job security
They get fixed wages pensions, medical facility They get only wages for their work with any additional facilities
Ex : Insurance companies, educational institutions, banks, armed forces etc Ex : Domestic servants agricultural labours etc

Class 10 Social Science Labour Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The book written by Plato is ……………
Answer:
The Republic.

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Question 2.
Earning in cash or kind by providing one’s manual or intellectual is called ……………
Answer:
Labour.

Question 3.
If the Physical Labour was compensated with material and food grains, it is called ………..
Answer:
Barter system.

Question 4.
Discrimination is less in …………..
Answer:
government sector.

Question 5.
If work is done without payment either in cash or kind, then it is called as ……………
Answer:
Labour without pay.

Question 6.
Compensation is an agreement between the worker and the ……………
Answer:
Owner.

Question 7.
The labour sector is divided as ………….. and ………….. sectors.
Answer:
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

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Question 8.
…………….. sector does not follow the legal provisions of the government.
Answer:
unorganized.

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
“The Republic” book written by
a. Aristotle
b. Plato
c. Alexander
d. August compete
Answer:
b. Plato

Question 2.
Discrimination is very high in the sector
a. Semi government
b. Private
c. Organized
d. Unorganised
Answer:
d. Unorganised

Question 3.
Equal pav act introduced in
a. 1948
b. 1976
c. 1985
d. 1992
Answer:
b. 1976

Question 4.
Provident fund supports to
a. Central government officials
b. Contract bare workers
c. Organized workers
d. Unorganized workers
Answer:
c. Organized workers

Two Marks Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on Plato.
Answer:
Plato wrote in his book ‘The Republic’on the division of labour. He said “Human society is formed on natural inequality. This natural inequality is based on division of labour”.

Question 2.
What are the suggestion of Karl Marx about ‘Division of labour’?
Answer:
Karl Marx says, “Division of labour creates less skilled workers”. He classifies division of labour into two different divisions of economic labour and social labour. He opines that the division of economic labour goes with technical and people cooperation.

Question 3.
Which are the uses of division of labour?
Answer:

  1. Division of labour has helped people to gain skill in a field and earn economic benefits in accordance to their skills
  2. Due to economic interests and division of labour class system emerged since division of labour found wide spread accessibility business and industriiization emerged.

Question 4.
Write a note on payless work.
Answer:
In payless work, the worker cannot be compensated for his work. This work often happens within the family due to love, by status, out of self-motivation or by force. Another example is that of students taking part in the activities of scouts and guides or NCC as part of their schooling.

Question 5.
Write a note on physical and mental exploitation.
Answer:
Most of the women in unorganized sector work as ‘Domestic helpers’.

  • The rate of physical and mental exploitation of these of these women has doubled these days.
  • As per the statistics of 2014-15, more than 77% of the women work in unorganized sectors.

Question 6.
Explain the challenges faced on social security by the unorganized sectors.
Answer:
Unorganized sector workers face social insecurity social security means having minimum needs to life like housing, health, water, food, drinking water, equal opportunity to work and others. Providing these facilities universally and publicly is called as ‘Social Security’. But, this is not available for people working in unorganized sector.