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Karnataka SSLC Class 10 Social Science History Important Questions Chapter 4 Opposition to British Rule in Karnataka
Question 1.
What were the conditions in Karnataka before integration?
(OR)
Why were there rebellions against the British in Karnataka?
Answer:
The present Karnataka was scattered among various principalities before integration. Apart from establishing political supremacy during the later part of the 18th century, the British exploited the people involved in agriculture and trade in order to protect their interests. This created insecurity across Karnataka. Even the local kings were insecure. As a result, there were rebellions against the British in most parts of Karnataka.
Question 2.
Why is the 18th century considered ‘the century of political problems’ in Indian history? The death of the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb in 1707 weakened the Mughal empire.
Answer:
The Mughals lost political control over South India. As a result, several political struggles took place in the Carnatic region. Earlier, the death of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in 1704 had created problems of succession and administration in Mysuru. All these developments clouded the politics of Mysore. Hence the 18th century is considered ‘the century of political problems’ in Indian history.
Question 3.
How did Hyder Ali come to power?
Answer:
Hyder Ali joined the Mysore army as a soldier. He came into prominence during the siege of Devanahalli and military action against the Nawab of Arcot. Soon he weakened the power of the Dalwai (Commander-in-chief). He sidelined the king Krishnaraja Wodeyar and established control over the administration.
Question 4.
When was the first Anglo-Mysore war fought? What was the result?
(OR)
The British were forced to sign the Treaty of Madras. Why?
Answer:
The first Anglo-Mysore war was fought during 1767-1769. The prominence gained by Hyder Ali was not tolerated by the British, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad. The British joined hands with the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad and attacked Mysore. Hyder Ali was successful in breaking the alliance and creating enmity and distrust among them. Meanwhile political disturbances emerged in Arcot.
In 1767 Hyder Ali and the Nizam of Hyderabad attacked Arcot. The king of Arcot had an alliance with the British. The war started with this incident. Hyder Ali attacked the British and reached up to Madras forcing the British to come to an agreement. The war came to an end with the signing of the Treaty of Madras in 1769. As per the treaty, they were to help each other if they were attacked by a third party.
Question 5.
Which colony of the French was under the control of Hyder Ali?
Answer:
Mahe, a colony of the French, was under the control of Hyder Ali.
Question 6.
What was the cause of the second Anglo-Mysore war?
Answer:
Mahe, a French colony, was under the control of Hyder Ali. The capture of Mahe by the British led to the second Anglo-Mysore war.
Question 7.
Who led the British army in the second Anglo-Mysore war?
Answer:
Eyre Coote led the British army in the second Anglo-Mysore war.
Question 8.
Explain the causes and results of the second Anglo-Mysore war.
Answer:
The Treaty of Madras signed in 1769 had put the political developments in South India on a temporary hold. When Madhav Rao.attacked Srirangapattana with the help of the Maratha army, Hyder Ali expected the British to support as per the Treaty of Madras. But the British went against the treaty and refused to support him. The British attacked Mahe, a colony of the French under the control of Hyder Ali, and captured it. This became the main cause for the war.
The second Anglo-Mysore war started in 1780. In the beginning Hyder Ali had the upper hand. He captured Kanchipuram and Arcot and threatened to attack Wandiwash and Vellore. The British army led by Eyre Coote followed Hyder Ali till Pondicherry. The French refused to support Hyder Ali. Hyder Ali was defeated by the British at the battle of Porto Novo.
Meanwhile, the British were successful in winning over the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad. Hyder Ali died during the course of the war. After his death, Tipu Sultan continued the war. The British tried to take advantage of Hyder Ali’s death by invading Mangalore and Bidanoor. But Tipu Sultan defeated the British and captured Mangalore. The war came to an end in 1784 by the Treaty of Mangalore.
Question 9.
By which treaty did the second Anglo-Mysore war come to an end?
(OR)
Which was the treaty signed to end the second Anglo-Mysore war?
Answer:
The second Anglo-Mysore war came to an end in 1784 by the Treaty of Mangalore.
Question 10.
What strategies did Tipu Sultan adopt to fight the British?
Answer:
The British were a major obstacle to Tipu Sultan in his policy of expansion. So he made every effort to drive them out. He knew that hurting the business interests of the British would weaken them politically. He tried to organise the enemies of the British into one group. He also tried to break the monopoly of the British over trade with India. He modernised the army and trained the soldiers in the use of modern weapons. In order to accumulate funds for waging battles, he strengthened the economy by entering into agreements and trade pacts.
Question 11.
Explain the causes, course and results of the third Anglo-Mysore war.
Answer:
The politics of Travancore was the main reason for the third Anglo-Mysore war. The king of Travancore built a fort in Kochi with the help of the British and captured Ayacotta and Kanganoor forts from the Dutch. This was a breach of the Treaty of Mangalore. The British captured Karwar, Coimbatore, Dindigul and other places under the leadership of Meadows.
Tippu Sultan entered the region of Baramahal and captured Satyamangalam. But he failed in his attempt to capture Tiruchinapalli.The British army under Lord Cornwallis captured Kolar and Hosakote. He also captured Bangalore and destroyed the fort. The Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad joined forces with the British. The combined army marched towards Srirangapatna in 1792. Tippu had no choice but to enter into an agreement with the British. He signed the Treaty of Srirangapatna. With this the third Anglo-Mysore war came to an end.
Question 12.
By which treaty did the third Anglo-Mysore war come to an end?
Answer:
The third Anglo-Mysore war came to an end in 1792 by the Treaty of Srirangapatna.
Question 13.
What were the terms of the Treaty of Srirangapatna of 1792?
Answer:
The Treaty of Srirangapatna was signed in 1792 between the British and Tippu Sultan, bringing to an end the third Anglo-Mysore war. Tippu was forced to part with half of his kingdom and pay three crore rupees as war damage fee. He also had to pledge two of his children as guarantee against the payment. The British withdrew the combined army from Srirangapatna.
Question 14.
The Treaty of Srirangapatna was inevitable for Tippu. Explain.
(OR)
The Treaty of Srirangapatna weakened Tippu Sultan. How? Justify.
Answer:
The Treaty of Srirangapatna signed in 1792 at the end of the third Anglo-Mysore war was inevitable for Tippu. During the war Tippu had lost heavily and the combined forces of the British, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad were close to capturing Srirangapatna. Therefore,Tippu had to accept the unfavourable terms in the treaty. He had to part with half of his kingdom and pay three crore rupees as compensation for the losses incurred by the British. He also had to pledge two of his children as guarantee against the payment. The British were thus successful in inserting unfavourable conditions in the treaty in order to weaken Tippu Sultan.
Question 15.
Explain the fourth Anglo-Mysore war.
Answer:
Lord Wellesley became the Governor General of India in 1798. Tippu’s attempts to form an alliance with local rulers and his closeness with the French angered Lord Wellesley. Further, Tippu sent an ambassador to France to seek the support of the French. This enraged the British. They tried to impose another treaty (Subsidiary Alliance) on Tippu. But Tippu refused to sign it, leading to the fourth Anglo-Mysore war. The British were able to destroy the strong fort. Tippu died fighting in 1799.
Question 16.
What were the results of the fourth Anglo-Mysore war?
Answer:
The fourth Anglo-Mysore war came to an end with the death of Tippu Sultan in 1799. Most of Tippu’s territories were shared among the British, the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad. A small territory was handed over to the royal representative of Mysore Wodeyars.
Question 17.
The fourth Anglo-Mysore war strengthened the position of the British in Mysore. Discuss. With the death of Tippu Sultan in the fourth Anglo-Mysore war, the supremacy of the
Answer:
English was more or less established in the Indian subcontinent. This also led to the beginning of the British rule in Mysore. The fall of Srirangapatna paved the way for the removal and destruction of all the remaining obstacles in the way of British supremacy. The whole of Mysore lay before the British and Tippu’s dominion was partitioned.
The Marathas and the Nizam took over a few territories of Tippu. Mysore became a princely state of the British and the royal representative of the Wodeyar dynasty was given the throne of Mysore by the British. The new princely state of Mysore that was formed was completely under the British dominion. As a result of the fourth Anglo-Mysore war, the British got complete control over South India.
Question 18.
List the important rebellions that took place in Karnataka after the death of Tippu Sultan. Some of the important rebellions that took place in Karnataka after the death of Tippu
Answer:
Sultan were: the rebellion of Dondia Wagh, the rebellions of Chennamma and Sangolli Rayanna of Kittur. The rebellion of Amara Sulya and Puttabasappa of Kodagu,the rebellion of Venkatappa of Surapura and the rebellion of Veerappa of Koppal.
Question 19.
Describe the rebellion of Dondia Wagh.
(OR)
How did Dondia Wagh resist the British power?
Answer:
Dondia Wagh was born in a Maratha family of Chennagiri. He started his career as a cavalry soldier in Hyder Ali’s army and grew to the position of military general. After the death of Tippu Sultan, he built his own private army. He captured Bidanoor and Shivamogga forts and made an unsuccessful attempt to capture the Chitradurga fort. Lord Wellesley tried to check him by launching an attack on Shivamogga, Honnali, Harihara and other places which were under the control of Dondia Wagh.
Dondia lost his base. After the capture of Shikaripura, Dondia ran away to Gutti, which was under the control of the Nizam of Hyderabad. When the Nizam’s army attacked Gutti, Dondia had to run towards the region held by the Marathas. The Maratha army attacked him. Despite losing his horses, camels and arms, he continued fighting.
Dondia was supported by many of the unhappy Paleyagars and the French at Mahe. The British captured Shirhatti and killed many of his followers. Lord Wellesley requested the help of local rulers to end the adventures of Dondia Wagh. By this time Dondia had recaptured the Shikaripura fort. When he was caught between the Maratha army and the Nizam’s army, the British attacked him and killed him at Konagal.
Question 20.
Where is Kittur located?
Answer:
Kittur lies between Dharwad and Belgaum.
Question 21.
Why did Kittur Chennamma rebel against the British?
Answer:
After the death of her son Shivalingarudra Sarja, Kittur Chennamma adopted a boy named Shivalingappa and started ruling as queen regent. The British tried to take over the kingdom of Kittur under the policy of Doctrine of Lapse, which denied the right of adopted children over the throne. Hence Chennamma rose in rebellion against the British.
Question 22.
Name the British Collector who tried to take over the Kittur kingdom under the policy of Doctrine of Lapse.
Answer:
Thackeray was the Collector and political agent of the British in Dharwad who tried to take over the Kittur kingdom under the policy of Doctrine of Lapse.
Question 23.
Describe the rebellion of Queen Chennamma of Kittur against the British.
Answer:
After the death of Mallasarja, his on Shivalingarudra Sarja took over the reign of Kittur. But, due to his failing health, queen Chennamma had to take care of the day-to-day administration. After the death of Shivalingarudra Sarja, Chennamma adopted a boy named Shivalingappa and started ruling Kittur as queen regent. Thackeray, the Collector and political agent of the British in Dharwad, attempted to take over the Kittur kingdom under the policy of Doctrine of Lapse.
In the battle that followed, Thackeray was shot dead and many Britishers were taken as prisoners of war.
The British attacked Kittur again under the leadership of Colonel Deacon. The Kittur army fought bravely, but the fort fell. Chennamma attempted to flee from the battlefield but was captured and imprisoned at Bailhongal fort. She passed away shortly thereafter.
Question 24.
Write a note on Sangolli Rayanna.
(OR)
Explain how Rayanna fought the British.
Answer:
Sangolli Rayanna was the army chief of the kingdom of Kittur during the time of Rani Chennamma. He fought alongside Rani Chennamma for the independence of Kittur. He was imprisoned by the British, who released him later. But he continued to fight the British. He organised an army of five hundred men and held secret meetings. He aimed at looting the treasury and taluk offices of the British. In order to capture Rayanna, the British used the Des-is who were opposing Chennamma. Rayanna was treacherously captured and brought to Dharwad. He was executed by hanging to death.
Question 25.
Who led the rebellion against the British in Kodagu?
Answer:
Leaders like Swami Aparampara, Kalyanaswamy and Puttabasappa led the rebellion against the British in Kodagu.
Question 26.
Which places were parts of Amara Sulya?
Answer:
Sulya, Bellare and Puttur.the major places of Canara region, were parts of Amara Sulya.
Question 27.
Describe the rebellion of Amara Sulya.
(OR)
Explain the contribution of Puttabasappa of Kodagu to the freedom struggle.
Answer:
The British dethroned Chikkaveerarajendra of the Haleri dynasty in 1834. This created instability in Kodagu. Swami Aparampara, Kalyanaswamy and Puttabasappa organised a rebellion against this. Swami Aparampara, who assumed the leadership of the rebellion, was captured in 1834 while Kalyanaswamy was captured in 1837. But the people of Lower Kodagu continued the rebellion under the leadership of Puttabasappa. Capture of the government office in Bellare was the first move in this rebellion.
He killed an amaldar which helped gain more support for the rebellion. The rebels marched towards Mangalore and looted the treasury and prison at Bantwal. The British sought the army of Thalacherry, Kannur and Bombay to quell the uprising. On learning about this development, Puttabasappa and his associates fled to Sulya. They were captured and hanged to death.
Question 28.
Write a note on Surapura.
Answer:
Surapura is about fifty kilometres from the present day Yadgir. It was an important place since the rule of the Mughals. It became a vassal state during the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas. A rebellion took place here against the British during the reign of Venkatappa Nayaka.
Question 29.
Who was Venkatappa Nayaka? How did the political agent of the British help him? Venkatappa Nayaka came to the throne of Surapura after the death of his father Krishna
Answer:
Nayaka. Venkatappa was born in 1834 and came to the throne at an early age. His ascendance to the throne was opposed by Krishna Nayaka’s brother Peddanayaka.This resulted in an internal struggle. The British interfered in the affairs of Surapura and appointed Meadows Taylor as their political agent and gained proxy power over Surapura.Taylor developed Surapura into a princely state. He appointed Peddanayaka as the Dewan. He conducted land survey of the kingdom. The revenue of the state increased due to the measures taken by him. He also took measures to educate Venkatappa Nayaka who came to power in 1853.
Question 30.
Describe the rebellion of Surapura.
(OR)
Why did Surapura rebel against the British?
Answer:
The British government was observing the various developments in Surapura. In 1857 it came to the notice of the government that the representatives of Nana Saheb were present in Surapura. This made the British suspicious of the king Venkatappa Nayaka’s intentions. The British appointed an officer named Campbell to report on the various activities of the king. The officer submitted a report that the king is involved in anti-British activities. The British army captured Surapura in 1858.
Question 31.
Describe the rebellion of Koppal.
(OR)
Who was Veerappa? Why did he rebel against the British?
Answer:
Koppal and the surrounding regions were under the rule of the Nizam of Hyderabad, who oppressed the peasants. There was no way for the peasants but to revolt. The revolt was led by Veerappa who was a zamindar. He rebelled against the British and occupied the fort of Koppal and other forts in the vicinity.
The British, with the support of the Nizam, defeated Veerappa. Veerappa fought valiantly with his small army and died in battle. The British recaptured the fort of Koppal. Even though Veerappa’s rebellion was confined to a small area around Koppal, it represented a popular peasant revolt and inspired many more in the region.
Question 32.
Why did the Bedas of Halagali rebel against the British?
Answer:
The Bedas of Halagali had always kept weapons with them as part of their customs and also for the purpose of hunting. In 1857, the British banned the use of weapons and asked them to surrender the weapons. Hence they rebelled against the British.
Question 33.
Describe the rebellion of the Bedas of Halagali.
Answer:
Halagali, a small village in Mudhol taluk of Bagalkot district, was a part of the Mudhol principality. In 1857, the British banned the use of weapons. The Bedas had always kept weapons with them as part of their customs and also for the purpose of hunting.
They rebelled against the British when they were asked to surrender their weapons. The Bedas of Mantur, Boodni and Alagundi and neighbouring villages joined the Bedas of Halagali in the rebellion. The British army entered Halagali and suppressed the rebellion. All the rebels were hanged to death.
Multiple-choice Questions:
Question 1.
The first Anglo-Mysore war came to an end by the treaty of –
(A) Madras
(B) Mangalore
(C) Srirangapatna
(D) Porto Novo
Answer:
(A) Madras
Question 2.
The French colony that was under the control of Hyder Ali was –
(A) Travancore
(B) Pondicherry
(C) Thanjavur
(D) Mahe
Answer:
(D) Mahe
Question 3.
In the second Anglo-Mysore war, Hyder Ali was defeated by the British at –
(A) Pulicat
(B) Porto Novo
(C) Sholinghur
(D) Salbai
Answer:
(B) Porto Novo
Question 4.
The treaty which ended the second Anglo-Mysore war was –
(A) Treaty of Salbai
(B) Treaty of Srirangapatna
(C) Treaty of Mangalore
(D) Treaty of Madras
Answer:
(C) Treaty of Mangalore
Question 5.
Which of the following was not a condition in the Treaty of Srirangapatna of 1792?
(A) A small part of Tippu’s kingdom was to be handed over to the representatives of Mysore Wodeyars.
(B) Tippu was forced to pay rupees three crores towards war damages.
(C) Tippu was forced to part with half of his kingdom.
(D) Tippu had to pledge two of his children as guarantee.
Answer:
(A) A small part of Tippu’s kingdom was to be handed over to the representatives of Mysore Wodeyars.
Question 6.
The rebellion of Amara Sulya was led by
(A) Rayanna
(B) Venkatappa Nayaka
(C) Veerappa
(D) Puttabasappa
Answer:
(D) Puttabasappa
Question 7.
The rebellion of Amara Sulya was organised against the dethronement of the Haleri king
(A) Swami Apa ram para
(B) Kalyanaswamy
(C) Chikkaveerarajendra
(D) Venkatappa Nayaka
Answer:
(C) Chikkaveerarajendra
Question 8.
The British political agent who guided Venkatappa Nayaka was
(A) Thackeray
(B) Meadows Taylor
(C) Campbell
(D) Thomas Munro
Answer:
(B) Meadows Taylor
Question 9.
The person who led the rebellion at Koppal was
(A) Veerappa
(B) Venkatappa
(C) Krishna Nayaka
(D) Puttabasappa
Answer:
(A) Veerappa
Question 10.
The Bedas of Halagali rebelled against the British because
(A) they were exploited by the British
(B) the British occupied Halagali
(C) the British dethroned the king of Halagali
(D) the British asked them to surrender their weapons.
Answer:
(D) the British asked them to surrender their weapons.
Fill in the blanks:
- The first Anglo-Mysore war took place between the British and Hyder Ali
- The second Anglo-Mysore war ended with the Mangalore treaty.
- Kittur Chennamma adopted a boy named Shivalingappa.
- Rayanna of Kittur belonged to Sangolli village.
- Surapura is in the present district of Yadgir.
- The Bedas of Halagali village of Belgaum district rebelled against the British.
- The Amara Sulya rebellion was basically a farmers rebellion.