2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 5 A Sunny Morning

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Karnataka 2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 5 A Sunny Morning

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A Sunny Morning Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

A Sunny Morning Comprehension I

Sunny Morning Notes KSEEB Solution Question 1.
Do you think Laura was a regular visitor to the park? What makes you think so?
Answer:
Yes. Laura was a regular visitor to the park. This is clear from her questions to her maid Petra. She wonders whether somebody would have occupied her seat and whether the pigeons know when to expect her and eagerly come over to feed on the bread crumbs, which means that she comes daily to the park.

A Sunny Morning Summary KSEEB Solution Question 2.
Why are Don Gonzalo and Laura annoyed with each other?
Answer:
Don Gonzalo was annoyed with Laura as she questioned why he had used his handkerchief to brush his shoes and numerically asked whether he would use a shoe brush as a kerchief. Moreover, when he wished her she did not wish him back. Laura was annoyed with Gonzalo because he had scared the pigeons fly away.

A Sunny Morning Notes KSEEB Solution Question 3.
Dona Laura reads without her glasses as
a. she has keen eyesight.
b. she wants to impress Gonzalo.
c. she knows every word by heart.
Answer:
(c) she knows every word by heart.

Sunny Morning Summary KSEEB Solution Question 4.
Gonzalo and Laura keep up a humorous conversation because they;
a. have nothing else to do.
b. enjoy being with each other.
c. have the same temperament.
Answer:
(c) have the same temperament.

A Sunny Morning Questions And Answers Pdf KSEEB Solution Question 5.
Laura and Gonzalo’s friendly conversation begins with
a. Gonzalo reading the poems.
b. Laura’s witty remarks.
c. a pinch of snuff.
Answer:
(c) a pinch of snuff.

A Sunny Morning Answers KSEEB Solution Question 6.
Do you think Laura is an effective narrator?
Answer:
Yes. I think Dona Laura is an effective narrator because when Don Gonzalo asks her what she wishes to tell him Dona Laura tells him clearly that he had scared away the birds which were feeding on her crumbs.

A Sunny Morning Questions And Answers KSEEB Solution Question 7.
Gonzalo does not reveal his identity because:
a. he no longer loves her.
b. his appearance has changed.
c. he looks grotesque and old.
Answer:
(c) he looks grotesque and old.

A Sunny Morning Comprehension II

A Sunny Morning KSEEB Solution Question 1.
Describe the situations wherein Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura recognize each other as ‘the silver maiden’ and ‘the gallant young man’.
Answer:
Both Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo become friends soon after enjoying a pinch of snuff offered by Don Gonzalo. While Don Gonzalo is reading aloud, he comes across a famous quotation. Incidentally, he tells Dona that it is from Campoamor. Then Dona Laura expresses her sympathy for him for reading with all those glasses. This prompts Don to boast about his talent to compose verses. Then, he tells her about Espronceda, Zorrilla, and Becquer. Dona makes fun of him saying that he must have gone with Columbus on one of his explorations.

At this moment, Don Gonzalo tells her that he was also a great friend of Campoamor and he had met him in Valencia. Then he adds that he was a native of Valencia. Dona Laura tells him that she had spent several seasons in a villa called Maricela, which was not far from Valencia. The name Maricela startles Don Gonzalo and he goes on to tell her that he had seen the most beautiful woman there and her name was Laura Llorente. Laura is startled to hear her name mentioned and they look at each other intently. It is precisely at this moment that they begin to recognize each other.

A Sunny Morning 2nd Puc Notes KSEEB Solution Question 2.
What were the circumstances that led Gonzalo to flee Valencia?
OR
What circumstances, according to Gonzalo, made his cousin flee Valencia?
Answer:
The young Laura Llorente and young Gonzalo loved each other very dearly. Every day while passing by on horseback down the rose path under the window of Laura, Gonzalo used to toss up to her balcony a bouquet of flowers. Later in the afternoon, while the gallant young man was returning by the same path, he would catch the bouquet of flowers she would toss him. As days rolled by, Laura’s parents thought of marrying her to a well-known merchant in their locality. One night, while Gonzalo was waiting under her window to hear her sing, the merchant came there unexpectedly and insulted him.

This led to a quarrel and later a duel. The duel went on the whole night and at sunrise the next morning the merchant got badly wounded in the duel. The merchant was a well-known gentleman in Valencia. Since he had been badly wounded in the duel, Gonzalo became apprehensive of fearful consequences and so fled Valencia and went to Seville and then to Madrid.

The Sunny Morning Notes KSEEB Solution Question 3.
Did Laura and Gonzalo pine for each other after they were separated by circumstances? Who is more passionate? How do they react to each other now?
OR
How do Laura and Gonzalo claim to have pined for each other after their separation?
Answer:
Soon after they were separated by circumstances the young lovers Laura and Gonzalo pined for each other. After listening to Gonzalo’s account of how he had fled Aravaca, then joined the army in Africa and had met a glorious death in the war, Laura mutters to herself that it is an atrocious lie. Then Dona pretends to sympathise with him saying he must have been distressed by the calamity. Taking it as a strong point, Gonzalo pretends to say that it was indeed a calamity, but also tries to express his resentment complaining that on the contrary Laura had soon forgotten Gonzalo and was chasing butterflies in the garden without any regret. Dona Laura protests saying ‘no’ loudly and Gonzalo comments that it is a woman’s way. Dona Laura, so as not to be found fault with that way, offers her version of the story.

She tells him that the silver maiden awaited the news of Gonzalo for a year. As she did not receive any letters from him, went to the sea after sunset, wrote his name on the sand, sat on a rock and was finally swept out to the sea by the rising tide. Don Gonzalo mutters to himself that she was a worse liar than he was. Both of them openly express their sympathies for each other. Dona mutters to herself that she will not tell him that she got married two years later. Don Gonzalo mutters to himself that he ran off with a ballet dancer to Paris in three months. From their conversation and from their reactions to each other’s partially concocted story, we can conclude that Laura is more passionate.

Sunny Morning Questions And Answers KSEEB Solution Question 4.
What makes Dona Laura assume that Don Gonzalo is an ill-natured man?
OR
How do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura accuse each other at the beginning of the play?
Answer:
Soon after entering the park, Don Gonzalo looks for a vacant bench. When he finds that the bench on which he used to sit is occupied by three priests, Don Gonzalo gets irritated and he expresses his annoyance remarking that the priests were idling their time away instead of saying Mass in the church. Then Juanito suggests that he could sit on the bench on which Dona Laura was sitting. But Don Gonzalo tells him that he wants a bench to himself. Then after expressing his anger against the three priests, he walks towards the birds near Dona Laura’s bench, when she angrily asks him to a lookout. On hearing her warning cry, Don Gonzalo asks her whether she intended to speak to him.

Next, when Dona tells him that he had scared the birds away, he retorts telling her that he does not care about the birds. Then she tells him that she cared about the birds very much and hence she was complaining about his behaviour. Don Gonzalo tries to snub her saying that it was a public park. Intending to argue with him, Dona asks him why then he was complaining about the priests taking his bench. Instead of giving her a suitable, polite reply, he dismisses her rudely telling her that they had not met before and he can’t imagine why she was taking the liberty of addressing him. Naturally, Dona who had listened to his comments about the priests and his replies to her queries assumes that he was an ill-natured man.

A Sunny Morning Summary 2nd Puc KSEEB Solution Question 5.
Laura and Gonzalo build stories about themselves so that they can:
a. fool each other.
b. forget the past
c. conceal their emotions.
Answer:
(a) fool each other.

A Sunny Morning Comprehension III

Question 1.
Trace how the irony is built in the play. Did you guess the character’s past even before they did so?
Answer:
(a) The term ‘irony’ means ‘hiding’ or dissembling what actually is the case, not in order to deceive but to achieve special rhetorical or artistic effects.

In the one-act play, ‘A Sunny Morning’ irony is cleverly built into the play. After settling in her bench, Dona Laura sends away Petra, her maidservant, to chat with the guard. Soon after that, she glances towards the trees at right and says “Here they come; they know just when to expect me”. Though the old lady is referring to the arrival of the birds, it also hints at the entry of Don Gonzalo and Juanito, who are needed for the action to move forward. Dona Laura throws three handfuls of crumbs for the pigeons to eat and soon after that we see Don Gonzalo and Juanito entering the scene.

(b) We come across the next instance of irony when Don Gonzalo starts reading aloud statements supposedly from Campoamor’s work.
Don Gonzalo reads aloud the following:

  • “All love is sad but sad as it is, it is the best thing that we know”.
  • “Twenty years pass. He returns. And each, beholding the other, exclaims can it be that this is he? Heavens, is it she?”
    These lines can be taken as examples of ‘Dramatic irony’.

(c) There are two more instances of irony in the play. They are:

1. When Dona Laura tells Don Gonzalo that Laura Llorente was called ‘The Silver Maiden’ in » that locality, he tells her “I seem to see her as if she were before me now, at that window with the red roses”.

2. He starts giving a description of her beauty, “She was ideal, fair as a lily, jet black hair and black eyes…” and finally says “what forms of sovereign beauty God models in human clay! She was a dream”.
On hearing Don Gonzalo say so, Dona Laura mutters to herself “if you but knew that dream was now by your side, you would realize what dreams come to”.

3. “Here are you and I, complete strangers, met by chance, discussing the romance of old friends of long ago! We have been conversing as if we were old friends”, Dona Laura tells Don Gonzalo after both of them have told their made-up stories.

A careful reading of the play reveals that there is a relationship between the old lady and the old gentleman. When I read the play a second time paying attention to the story and the instances of irony highlighted here, I was able to guess the characters’ past.

Question 2.
Why do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo spin fictitious stories about themselves?
OR
Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo spin fictitious stories about themselves to cover their tracks. Discuss with reference to ‘A Sunny Morning’.
Answer:
Once Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura realize that they are the same old, young lovers of Maricela who were separated in life by fate, they decide not to reveal their identity because they learn from each other in what high esteem they held each other before they departed, they also come to know that both of them had given up the other as lost forever. While Dona Laura tells herself that she had married someone else after waiting for him for one year, Don Gonzalo tells himself that after fleeing from Valencia, then Seville and Madrid, he had run off to Paris with a ballet dancer in about three months.

Therefore, they concoct fictitious stories so as to conceal their identities completely and to make the other believe that he or she was dead. Later, when they realize that they are alive, they do not want to shatter their mutual images in the eyes of the other. Therefore, Don Gonzalo tells himself that he will not reveal himself because he is grotesque. He wishes that she had better recall the gallant horseman who passed daily beneath her window tossing flowers. Similarly, Dona Laura tells herself that “I am too sadly changed. It is better he should remember me as the black-eyed girl tossing flowers as he passed among the roses in the garden.”

Question 3.
Bring out the feelings of Laura and Gonzalo as they leave the park. Is it different from what they felt about each other at the beginning of the play?
Answer:
When the scene opens, we find Dona Laura entering the park, leaning upon the arm of her maid Petra. Soon, the old lady settles in her usual seat in the park. Then the old lady sends away Petra to meet her boyfriend, the guard. Later, when the pigeons arrive, Dona Laura throws three handfuls of bread crumbs. Next, we see Don Gonzalo coming in dragging his feet and leaning upon Juanito’s arm. Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura have not seen each other before and hence we cannot know about each other’s feelings until they meet.

However, their feelings towards each other become evident only when Don Gonzalo walks towards Dona Laura’s bench, despite her warning call ‘Lookout’. Therefore, when she finds her pigeons being scared away, she is upset and tells him in a complaining tone that he has scared away the birds who were feeding on her crumbs. In reply, Don gives an arrogant reply which provokes her to make a personal comment, ‘Why do you complain that the priests have taken your bench?’ Once again, Don Gonzalo’s rude snubbing reply provokes Dona Laura to say that he is an ill-natured old man and comments that when people reach a certain age they should not become so fussy and cross. Later, Don comes and sits at the extreme end of Dona Laura’s bench and looks at her indignantly. After a few heated exchanges between them, Don Gonzalo mutters to himself ‘Senile old lady! She ought to be at home knitting and counting her beads’.

But, by the end of the play, we find a total change in their attitude towards each other. In the course of their conversation, they discover that they were ‘lovers’ once in their youthful days. But neither of them is ready to disclose their identity. However, the animosity that we witness at the beginning of the play is no longer there when they are ready to depart. Before taking leave of each other, they formally thank each other for having met. Both of them ensure that they are coming to the park the next day. Laura sees Don picking up the lilies dropped by her. Both of them wave farewell. They leave the place as friends.

Question 4.
What do you think would have happened if they had revealed their identity? Do you think they know who they are towards the end of the play?
Answer:
Once Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura realize that they are the same old young lovers of Maricela who were separated in life by fate, they make up fictitious stories and conceal their identity.

If they had revealed their identity, both of them would have been utterly shocked and would have accused each other of deceiving the other. They know that both of them had held the other in high esteem and both of them had fallen deeply in love.

That is why, when they realize that they are the same old lovers of Maricela, they are shocked to realize how much both of them had changed. Dona Laura after listening to Don Gonzalo’s praise of her beauty as The Silver Maiden’ now feels ashamed to confess that she is the old silver maiden of Maricela because she too is sadly changed.

Similarly, Don Gonzalo knows that he is grotesque and so wishes her to keep his image as a gallant horseman who tossed flowers to her every day.

Question 5.
How is the title of the play A Sunny Morning’justifiable? Discuss.
OR
Bring out the instances from the play A Sunny Morning’ to justify it as a blend of romance
and comedy.
Answer:
‘A Sunny Morning’ is a refreshingly new romantic comedy. It tells the story of Don Gonzalo^and Dona Laura who was ardent lovers in their youth but was torn apart in life by fate. However, the two lovers meet again when they are in their 70s, not as lovers but as total strangers unexpectedly, in a park in Madrid. After a few initial heated exchanges and repartees, they settle down, occupy the same bench in the park, spend a good time together and depart as friends. By the time they are ready to leave for the day, they recognize each other’s identity. They do not disclose it but tell atrocious lies to conceal it. There are quite a few lively moments of humor, sarcasm, and irony which entertain the readers and audience. The title A Sunny Morning’ is quite appropriate and aptly captures the spirit of the play. The play can be justifiably called a romantic comedy because there are elements of both romance and comedy in the play.

In its most general sense the word ‘romance’ suggests elements of gallant love, chivalry, and adventure. The phrase ‘romantic comedy’ denotes a form of drama in which love is the main theme and love leads to a happy ending. A love affair is one of the major themes of a comedy. Keeping in view these points, ‘A Sunny Morning’ is a romantic comedy in all respects. It tells the story of two young lovers Laura Llorente and Don Gonzalo of Maricela in Valencia.

Laura Liorente was known in her locality as ‘The Silver Maiden’. She was in love with Gonzalo, a gallant lover. He used to pass by her house on horseback every morning through the rose garden and toss up a bouquet of flowers to her balcony which she caught. On his way back in the afternoon she would toss the flowers back to him. But Laura’s parents wanted to marry her off to a merchant whom she disliked.

One day there ensued a quarrel, leading to a duel between Gonzalo and the merchant, her suitor. The merchant was seriously injured. Fearing serious consequences, Gonzalo fled from his house in the town to Seville and then to Madrid. Even though he tried to communicate with Laura through letters, his attempts failed and he gave her up as lost forever and ran off to Paris with a ballet dancer. Meanwhile, Laura waited for the news of Gonzalo, for one year and finally got married.

These two lovers meet unexpectedly, in a park. They are now in their 70s. Both of them have changed a lot physically but they still cherish the memories of their youth. However, when they meet in the park, they appear to be cynical, fussy, and ill-natured. The way they repartee and express their resentment towards each other creates opportunities for humour in the play. Finally, they become friends after sharing a pinch of snuff. They gradually come to realize that they are the very same lovers of yesteryears.

The title A Sunny Morning’ suggests a warm and bright sunny day. Similarly, the play is also fresh in spirit, devoid of all cliches and stereotypes of earlier, traditional courtly comedies because both the characters and the situations are drawn from contemporary society.

A Sunny Morning Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each:

Question 1.
Laura Llorente was known as _______ in the locality in her younger days.
(a) The Silver Maiden
(b) Sovereign Beauty
(c) Golden Lady
(d) dream girl.
Answer:
(a) The Silver Maiden.

Question 2.
Who had occupied Gonzalo’s usual bench in the park?
Answer:
Three priests.

Question 3.
What is the name of Laura’s maid?
Answer:
Petra.

Question 3.
What is the name of Gonzalo’s servant?
OR
Who is the caretaker of Gonzalo in the play?
Answer:
Juanito.

Question 4.
How many priests were sitting on the bench usually occupied by Don Gonzalo?
Answer:
Three priests.

Question 5.
What does Don Gonzalo use to clean the dust off his shoes?
Answer:
His handkerchief.

Question 6.
Where, according to Don Gonzalo, is one of his estates located?
Answer:
In Aravaca.

Question 7.
In which city was Don Gonzalo brought up?
OR
‘Which is the native city of Don Gonzalo in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
OR
Which city, according to Don Gonzalo, is he a native of?
Answer:
Don Gonzalo was brought up in Valencia.

Question 8.
Name the villa in Valencia where Dona Laura spent her youth.
OR
Name the villa Laura Liorente lived in.
Answer:
In a villa called Maricela in Valencia.

Question 9.
What was Dona Laura’s original name?
Answer:
Laura Llorente.

Question 10.
Why do Laura and Gonzalo spin stories about themselves?
Answer:
To conceal each other’s identity.

Question 11.
According to Gonzalo, where did the young man go after the duel?
Answer:
To Seville and then to Madrid.

Question 12.
What did Dona Laura carry every day to feed the pigeons?
OR
What does Dona Laura feed the birds within the park?
Answer:
Dona Laura carried bread crumbs every day to feed the pigeons.
OR
Dona Laura fed the birds with bread crumbs.

Question 13.
Where does the action of the play ‘A Sunny Morning’ take place?
Answer:
The action of the play ‘A Sunny Morning’ takes place in a retired corner of a park in Madrid.

Question 14.
What establishes peace between Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo?
Answer:
A pinch of snuff establishes peace between Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo.

Question 15.
What right does Dona Laura claim to have to criticize Don Gonzalo?
Answer:
Dona Laura claims to have a neighbour’s right to criticize Don Gonzalo.

Question 16.
Who was called ‘The Silver Maiden’ in A Sunny Morning’?
OR
By what name was Laura Liorente known in her locality?
Answer:
Laura Liorente was called ‘The Silver Maiden’ in her locality.

Question 17.
On what condition does Don Gonzalo agree to meet Dona Laura the next day?
OR
In what condition do Gonzalo and Laura depart at the end of the play?
Answer:
Don Gonzalo agrees to meet Dona Laura the next day if it is sunny.

Question 18.
In the play, ‘the silver maiden’ refers to
(a) Petra
(b) Dona Laura
(c) the ballet dancer.
Answer:
(b) Dona Laura.

Question 19.
Why did Don Gonzalo sit next to Laura in the park?
Answer:
Dona Gonzalo sits next to Laura on the bench in the park because all the other benches were fully occupied.

Question 20.
Where, according to Gonzalo, did he meet Campoamor?
Answer:
According to Gonzalo, he met Campoamor in Valencia.

Question 21.
Where did Gonzalo run off to with a ballet dancer?
Answer:
Gonzalo ran off to Paris with a ballet dancer.

Question 22.
Whose name, according to Gonzalo, was his cousin whispering at the time of his death?
Answer:
Laura’s name.

Question 23.
Where do Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura meet after a long time?
Answer:
After a long time, Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura meet in a retired corner of a park in Madrid.

Question 24.
What did Dona Laura use as a cane in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In A Sunny Morning’, Dona Laura used a parasol as a cane.

Question 25.
Who accompanied Dona Laura when she came to the park in A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’ Petra, her maid, accompanied Dona Laura, when she came to the park.

Question 26.
Who, according to Petra, belongs to the park in A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, according to Petra, the guard, with whom she used to chat, belongs to the park.

Question 27.
Who accompanied Don Gonzalo when he came to the park in A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’ Juanito, Don Gonzalo’s servant accompanied him to the park.

Question 28.
According to Gonzalo, where ought Laura be knitting and counting her beads?
Answer:
According to Gonzalo, Laura ought to be at home, knitting and counting her beads.

Question 29.
What right does Laura claim to have to criticize Gonzalo’s actions in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, Laura claims her right as a neighbour to criticize Gonzalo’s actions.

Question 30.
What could Gonzalo show as evidence to prove his skill at hunting in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, Gonzalo could show a wild boar’s head (displayed in his study) as evidence to prove his skill at hunting.

Question 31.
What could Laura show as evidence to prove her skill at hunting in ‘A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, Laura could show a tiger’s skin in her boudoir, as evidence to prove her skill at hunting.

Question 32.
When, according to Gonzalo, did he compose some verses in A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, according to Gonzalo, he composed some verses in his youth.

Question 33.
How old does Gonzalo say he was when he went to America the first time in A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, Gonzalo says the first time he went to America, he was only six years old.

Question 34.
Name the poet whom Gonzalo says, he first met in America in A Sunny Morning’.
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, Gonzalo says, he first met Zorilla in America.

Question 35.
Where, according to Gonzalo, did he spend his early youth in A Sunny Morning’?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Mornmq’, according to Gonzalo, he spent his early youth in the city of Valencia.

Question 36.
Where, according to Laura, did she spend several seasons in A Sunny Morning?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, according to Laura, she spent several seasons in a villa called Maricela, not far from Valencia.

Question 37.
Who was called ‘The Silver Maiden’ in A Sunny Morning?
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, Laura Llorente was called the ‘Silver Maiden’.

Question 38.
According to Gonzalo, the gallant lover in A Sunny Morning’ was his
(a) friend
(b) brother
(c) cousin.
Answer:
(c) cousin.

Question 39.
Who, according to Gonzaio, was badly wounded in A Sunny Morning?
Answer:
In A Sunny Morning’, according to Gonzaio, the merchant was badly wounded in the duel.

Question 40.
Where did the gallant young man take refuge, according to Gonzaio in A Sunny Morning?
Answer:
In A Sunny Morning’, according to Gonzaio, the gallant young man took refuge in Don Gonzalo’s house.

Question 41.
Where did the silver maiden write her lover’s name, according to Laura, in A Sunny Morning?
Answer:
In A Sunny Morning’, according to Laura, the Silver Maiden wrote her lover’s name on the sand.

Question 42.
Who, according to Gonzaio, did he run off to Paris within A Sunny Morning?
Answer:
In A Sunny Morning’, according to Gonzaio, he ran off to Paris with a ballet dancer.

Question 43.
What does Gonzaio pick up with great effort before leaving with fuanito in A Sunny Morning?
Answer:
In A Sunny Morning’, before leaving the park with Juanito, Gonzaio, with great effort, picks up the violets dropped by Laura.

Question 44.
Where, according to Dona Laura, had her best friend sat before being swept into the sea?
Answer:
According to Dona Laura, her best friend had sat down upon a rock on the sand before being swept into the sea.

II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80-100 words each:

Question 1.
How do Laura and Gonzaio conceal their identity?
Answer:
While boasting about his keen eyesight, Don Gonzaio incidentally mentions the names of some famous Spanish literary figures. Then he states that he was a great friend of Campoamor in Valencia, and also reveals that he was a native of Valencia. Laura’s interest being kindled informs him that she had spent several seasons in a villa called Maricela, in the city of Valencia. At this moment both of them understand that they are the original lover’s Laura and Gonzaio who had been separated by fate.

From then onwards, Gonzaio tells her that the gallant lover who was in love with the silver maiden Laura Llorente was his cousin and conceals his identity. Similarly, Laura tells Gonzaio that she came to know about the story of Gonzaio from Laura Llorente, who was her friend. Thus Dona Laura also conceals her identity.

Question 2.
How effectively does Gonzaio account for the love his cousin had for Laura’s friend?
OR
What account does Don Gonzaio give Dona Laura about his cousin’s life after the duel?
OR
What story does Don Gonzaio narrate to Dona Laura regarding his cousin?
OR
What fictitious story did Gonzaio spin about himself in the name of his cousin?
OR
Describe how Don Gonzaio glorifies his cousin’s death.
Answer:
While telling Laura about the duel between the merchant and the gallant lover, Don tells her that the gallant lover was his cousin and he was very fond of him. Don Gonzaio tells her that after the duel the young man took refuge in his house being scared of the consequences of a duel with a person highly regarded in that locality. Then he tells her that from his home his cousin went to Seville and then came to Madrid. Then he wrote Laura many letters which were intercepted by her parents.

He says so because he knows for sure that she did not answer his letters at all. Don then concludes the story saying that, in despair, believing that he had lost his love forever he joined the army, then went to Africa and there is a trench, met a glorious death grasping the flag of Spain and whispering the name of his beloved Laura.

Question 3.
How does Dona Laura describe the story ofher% best friend’s death?
OR
How does Dona Laura describe her friend’s love story?
Answer:
Dona Laura tells Don Gonzalo that her friend had written to her that she had awaited news of Gonzalo for nearly a year. Later one afternoon, just at sunset, as the first stars were appearing she left her house and went to the beach where her beloved had risked his life. She wrote his name on the sand and then sat down upon a rock, her gaze fixed upon the horizon. The waves murmured their eternal threnody and slowly crept up to the rock where the maiden sat. The tide rose with a boom and swept her out to sea.

Question 4.
When does Dona Laura realise that Don Gonzalo is her former lover?
Answer:
After taking a pinch of snuff both Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura sneeze three times alternately. Dona Laura mutters to herself that the snuff has made peace between them. Then, Don Gonzalo starts reading aloud. A little later, Dona Laura sympathises with him for reading with all those glasses. Their conversation turns to Gonzalo’s ability to compose verses. Incidentally, Gonzalo reveals that he was a great friend of Espronceda, Zorilla, Becquer and others. Then while talking about Campoamor, Don Gonzalo tells her that he had met Campoamor in Valencia and he was a native of that city.

This provokes both of them to talk about their earlier identities. When Dona tells him about the villa in Maricella, Gonzalo tells her about the Silver Maiden and like a poet he describes her beauty. At that moment, Dona Laura realizes that Don Gonzalo is her former lover.

Question 5.
What are the’atrocious’ lies that Laura and Gonzalo make up about their lives after their separation?
OR
Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura outwit each other in weaving stories about their own deaths. Elaborate.
OR
Narrate how, according to Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo, the sad love affair of her friend and his cousin ended.
Answer:
During the conversation with Dona Laura, Don Gonzalo gives a romantic description of the silver maiden. Dona Laura realizes that the old man is none other than her former lover Gonzalo. Then, both of them together recount their romantic affair until they come to the end of their story. Don Gonzalo rounds it off telling her that his cousin had to hide for a few days and later to fly. At this point, Dona tells him that he seems to know the story well. Don Gonzalo also tells her the same. Dona Laura tells him that she heard the story from her friend.

Don Gonzalo picks up the same lie and tells her that he heard the story from his cousin. Both of them are now convinced that they were the former lovers of the romantic affair they had just reconstructed. Dona Laura wants to probe further into the affair. Therefore she demands an explanation about Gonzalo’s vanishing from Valencia.

In reply, Don Gonzalo tells her that after staying hidden indoors in Valencia for some time, his cousin went to Seville and then came to Madrid, where he wrote letters to Laura. But, since the letters were intercepted by her parents, she did not get his letters at all and so she did not write back to him. He tells her that Gonzalo, then in despair, believing that he had lost his love forever, joined the army, went to Africa and there is a trench met a glorious death grasping the flag of Spain and whispering the name of his beloved Laura. Immediately, Dona also concocts a story.

She tells him that after waiting for a year for Gonzalo, she went to the beach after sunset one evening. She wrote his name on the sand and then sat down on a rock, her gaze fixed upon the horizon. Then the waves slowly crept up to the rock where the maiden was sitting and the high rising tide rose with a boom and swept her out to sea. Thus ended the sad love affair.

Question 6.
What fictitious story did Gonzalo spin about himself to hide his true identity?
OR
How does Don Gonzalo try to hide his identity?
Answer:
Don Gonzalo tells Dona Laura that his cousin took refuge in his house fearful of the consequences of a duel with a person highly regarded in that locality. From his home, he later went to Seville and then to Madrid. Since his letters to Laura were intercepted by her parents, Gonzalo did not get any reply from her. He became desperate. In despair, believing that he had lost his love forever, he joined the army.went to Africa, and met a glorious death in a trench, grasping the flag of Spain and whispering the name of his beloved Laura.

Question 7.
Bring out a few instances wherein Dona Laura ridicules Don Gonzalo in A Sunny Morning’.
Answer:
In ‘A Sunny Morning’, there are two instances in which Dona Laura ridicules Don Gonzalo.
Both the instances occur when Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo meet face-to-face in the park as an old man and old woman and as total strangers to each other.

Don Gonzalo, soon after entering the park, discovers that his usual bench has been occupied by three priests. He gets irritated and says aloud that the priests were idling away their time instead of saying Mass in the church. Then, in a fit of anger, he rushes towards the bench on which Dona Laura is sitting.

Dona Laura cries out aloud ‘Lookout’, indignantly, and admonishes him for scaring away the birds. Don Gonzalo replies that he would not care about the birds. When she replies that she cared for them, Don Gonzalo tells her that it was a public park. In retaliation, she asks him why he had complained that the priests had taken his bench. Don Gonzalo, being cornered by his own remarks, snubs her, telling her that even though she was a total stranger she was taking the liberty to speak to him and walk away.’

Dona Laura comments that he was an ill-natured old man and people ought not to get so fussy and cross when they reach a certain age. Later, when she notices him losing another bench, says mockingly “serves him right for scaring the birds”. “Poor man! He is wiping the perspiration from his face”. Then, when she notices him walking back towards her bench, says, “A carriage would not raise more dust than his feet”.

Question 7.
Describe how the ‘gallant young man’ was separated from his lover in ‘A Sunny Morning’.
Answer:
Gonzalo and Laura, the two former lovers, had to separate from each other. In her youthful days, Dona Laura was known in her locality as ‘The Silver Maiden’. She was fair as a lily, with jet black hair and black eyes. She was like a dream. She was in love with Gonzalo, the gallant lover. He used to pass by on horseback every morning through the rose garden and toss flowers to her balcony which she would catch. On his way back in the afternoon she would toss the flowers back to him. But Laura’s parents wanted to marry her off to a merchant whom she disliked.

One day there was a quarrel between Gonzalo and the merchant, the suitor. The merchant was badly wounded in the duel and Gonzafo had to conceal himself for a few days. Later he fled from his hometown to Seville and then to Madrid. Even though he tried to communicate with Laura through letters, all his attempts failed. He then joined the army and went to Africa.

III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words each:

Question 1.
Bring out the changes in Gonzalo’s attitude before and after occupying the bench in the park.
Answer:
As soon as Don Gonzalo enters the park along with Juanito, he discovers that his usual seat has been occupied by three priests. He is annoyed and comments rudely saying that the priests were idling their time away when they should be saying mass in the church. Then, when Juanito suggests that he should sit on the bench where Dona Laura was sitting, Don Gonzalo tells Juanito that he wants a bench to himself. Then Juanito informs him that there is no other bench vacant.

Don Gonzalo points at the bench that he usually sat on. When Juanito tells him that there are three priests sitting on that bench, Don asks him to send them away. Later, he comments bitterly saying that the priests were sitting there as if they were glued to the seat. Then he and his servant walk towards the place where the birds are feeding on the bread crumbs.

When Dona Laura angrily asks him to look out, Don asks Laura whether she was speaking to him. Then, when she complains that he had scared the birds away, he answers rudely that he does not care about the birds. But she tells him that she cared for the birds and indirectly tries to make him feel guilty. But he tells her rudely that it is a public park suggesting that she was not right in complaining about him about birds being scared away in a public park. Dona tries to counter him asking why he – had complained that the priests had taken his seat.

Feeling discomfited, Don Gonzalo tries to snub her telling her that she was a stranger and was not right in taking the liberty to address him. A little later, Don Gonzalo sits at the extreme end of her bench and prepares himself to read a book by wearing glasses and adjusting his lenses. Dona sympathises with him for having to read with all those glasses.

Question 2.
Trace the incidents where Laura and Gonzalo secretly guess about each other’s identity.
Answer:
Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo come face-to-face in a retired corner of a park in Madrid on a Sunday morning. The strangers soon become friends without knowing that they were lovers once. Then Gonzalo happens to tell her that he had spent his youth in Valencia city. Laura’s curiosity having been provoked, she tells Gonzalo that she also had spent several seasons in Maricela, a villa near the sea in Valencia.

When Gonzalo is startled to hear the name ‘Maricela’, Dona Laura asks him whether the name is familiar to him. Don Gonzalo tells her that he had seen a beautiful woman Laura Llorente living there. On hearing the name Laura Llorente mentioned, Dona Laura shows her surprise. From that moment onwards, it becomes clear that both of them know who they are and intentionally conceals their identity.

When Dona Laura tells him that Laura Llorente was her best friend and she was called the ‘Silver Maiden’, Don Gonzalo endorses it and tells her that ‘Silver Maiden’ was her popular name in the locality. Further, he tells her that she used to stand at a particular window. Then Dona Laura endorses his statement. Inadvertently, when Don Gonzalo tells her that he spent many hours there during his youthful days, Dona Laura gives a sigh and endorses his statement and says “And in mine, too.”

Then Don Gonzalo gives a description of her beauty and expresses his admiration calling her a dream. Then Dona Laura makes an aside remark and tells Gonzalo that if he but knew that Laura was by his side he would realize what dreams come to. This way, their conversation goes on until the end, each speaking to the other in disguise.

Though they appear to be concealing their identity, they know tacitly that they are the true lover’s Laura and Gonzalo of their youthful days. In the end, before leaving the park, Laura drops the violets, and when Gonzalo stoops to pick up the flowers, Laura looks at him. Thus they come to recognize each other.

Question 3.
‘A Sunny Morning’ portrays wit and humour through Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura’s spontaneous reactions”. Explain.
OR
Give instances of humorous situations in the play in your own words.
Answer:
‘A Sunny Morning’ is a romantic comedy with only two main characters Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura who are in their seventies now. Their chance meeting on a sunny morning in a park in Madrid gives the characters an opportunity to relive the story of their love affair when they were living in Marfcela. The whole story is built up through witty, humorous, lively, and spontaneous interaction between them.

When the play opens, we find Dona Laura happily speaking to the pigeons which were feeding on the bread crumbs. When Don Gonzalo comes there looking for a bench, Dona Laura accuses him of scaring away her birds. In reply, Don Gonzalo tells her that it is a public park and he doesn’t care about the birds. Dona Laura asks him why then did he complain that the priests had taken his seat. Later, when Don Gonzalo comes back to the same place to sit, she asks him why he was seen there again. But, when he tries to put her off saying that they had not met, she tells him that she was only responding to his gesture.

When he tells her that she ought to have only returned his greeting, she remarks that he should have taken her permission to sit on that bench. Finally, with her witty remarks, she makes him tongue-tied and helpless. When he mutters to himself, saying that she was a senile old lady and she ought to be at home knitting and counting her beads, she asks him not to grumble anymore. When she finds him cleaning his shoes with his handkerchief, she taunts him asking whether one uses a handkerchief as a shoe brush. In reply, when Gonzalo asks her what right she has to criticize his actions, she answers playfully that it was her right as a neighbour.

When Gonzalo tries to put her off rudely saying that he does not care to listen to nonsense, she once again teases him remarking that he was very polite. When Gonzalo asks her apologetically not to interfere with what does not concern her, she again tells him stubbornly that she generally says what she thinks. From then on their spontaneous exchange takes a positive direction and soon they become friends.

Question 4.
‘The ways of providence are strange’. How is this true in the case of Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura?
Answer:
‘A Sunny Morning’ presents the story of two young lovers who were once passionately attached to each other. Their love would have culminated in their marriage but they were separated by a cruel blow of fate. However, the ways of providence being strange, these erstwhile lovers happened to meet each other some fifty years later in a park in Madrid. Both of them are in their 70s and have changed a great deal in their appearance. Hence, they fail to recognize each other in the park initially. But as they get acquainted they recall their youthful days.

Again, it is by a stroke of providence that Don Gonzalo happens to reveal that he once lived in Valencia. When they discover that they were lovers once in their youth, they relive their romantic meetings as before and pretend not to recognize their earlier selves. Like young people, they live in a dream world of their own and are reluctant to come back to the world of reality. They tell atrocious lies to defend their previous actions and exit with a promise to meet the next day. The ways of providence are strange and it is undoubtedly true in the case of Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo.

Question 5.
A Sunny Morning’ revolves around concealing and revealing Laura and Gonzalo’s identity. Elaborate.
Answer:
The play ‘A Sunny Morning’ presents the story of two passionate lovers who were separated by a cruel blow of fate before their love could culminate in their marriage. However, this story is presented nearly fifty years later when both Gonzalo and Laura are now in their old age. They happen to meet, as if it was providential, in a retired comer of a park in Madrid one sunny morning. The first part of the play seems an exposition introducing Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura. After a few witty exchanges between the two, the playwright reveals their love story concealing and revealing their identity.

Initially, Don Gonzalo reveals his identity unwittingly in his enthusiasm to tell her that he had met Campoamor in Valencia. Then he adds that he spent his early youth in Valencia. This is a hint to Dona Laura to reveal her identity. She reminds him of a villa named Maricela near the sea. From then on both of them rebuild their story, however concealing that they were the real actors in that love story. On hearing the name Maricela mentioned, Don Gonzalo introduces Laura Llorente. Then Dona Laura builds it further saying “Laura Llorente was popularly called the Silver Maiden”.

Don Gonzalo recreates the scene for the readers mentioning the window where she used to stand hours on end every day. Then Don Gonzalo gives a description of her beautiful personality. Then both of them reveal to the audience their identity by their (aside) remarks.

Now once they had revealed their identity, they try to conceal it by replacing themselves in the story by a substitute. Dona Laura calls Laura of the original story as her friend and Don Gonzalo calls the Gonzalo of the original story as his cousin. Once again having concealed their identity they narrate how their love affair ended. Both of them tell lies to cover up what they did after Gonzalo had fled Valencia. This goes on until the end when Laura sees Gonzalo picking up the violets dropped by her. Thus the whole play ‘A Sunny Morning’ revolves around concealing and revealing Laura and Gonzalo’s identity.

Question 6.
Bring out the instances where Laura and Gonzalo realize each other’s identity.
Answer:
There are several instances in ‘A Sunny Morning’, in which both Laura and Gonzalo recognize each others’ identity. Soon after their initial outbursts of emotion, both Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo become friends. Next, both of them enjoy a pinch of snuff and Don Gonzalo begins to read aloud verses from Campoamor.

When Don Gonzalo mentions that he was a native of Valencia and had met Campoamor there incidentally, Dona Laura tells him that she had spent several seasons at Maricela. When Don Gonzalo tells her that he had seen a beautiful woman by name Laura Llorente in Maricela, Dona Laura tells him that Laura was known by the name ‘Silver Maiden’ in that locality. When Don Gonzalo starts describing Laura Llorente, Dona Laura makes an aside comment. We learn that Dona Laura has recognized his identity.

Later, when Laura tells him that her friend had told her the story of the two lovers, Don Gonzalo recognizes her identity. Then Dona Laura makes an aside remark, “Why tell him? He does not suspect”. Similarly, Don Gonzalo mutters to himself, “She is entirely innocent”. Then when Don Gonzalo tells her how his cousin had met a glorious death in Africa, Dona Laura mutters to herself that he was telling an atrocious lie. Don Gonzalo tells himself that he could not have killed himself more gloriously.

On hearing how Laura had died, Don Gonzalo tells himself, “she lies worse than I do”. Then Dona Laura tells herself that she will not tell him that she married two years later while Don Gonzalo mutters that he had run off to Paris with a ballet dancer in three months. By then it becomes clear that both of them have recognized each other’s identity.

Question 7.
How do Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo annoy each other initially in the park?
Answer:
Soon after occupying her seat in the park, Dona Laura throws three handfuls of bread crumbs to a flock of pigeons and sits watching them feeding on the bread crumbs. Don Gonzalo and Juanito walk towards the birds. Immediately, Dona Laura shouts ‘lookout’ so as to warn them. Then she tells Don Gonzalo that he had scared away the birds. Don Gonzalo brushes aside her remarks telling her that he does not care about the birds as it was a public park. Dona Laura asks him why then did he complain about the priests occupying his usual bench if it was a public park.

Again, Don Gonzalo tries to put her off rudely telling her that since they had not met before she should not take the liberty of addressing him. Dona Laura retaliates saying that he is an ill-natured old man. She wonders why a man like him should be so fussy and cross after reaching a certain age. Later, she sees him moving about without getting a seat on the other side of the park. She enjoys his predicament saying that it serves him right for scaring the birds. Later, when Don Gonzalo sits at the extreme end of Dona Laura’s bench and greets her, she asks him annoyingly why he was there again. Again, there is an angry exchange of words.

When he fails to find a convincing reply to her question, he tells her that he has nothing more to say. Then he mutters to himself that she was a senile old lady and she ought to be at home knitting and counting her beads. Again, Dona Laura tells him rudely not to grumble any more and she was not going to leave just to please him.

Question 8.
Although the romantic affair between Laura and Gonzalo lasts for a brief period of time, the intensity of their love lingers forever. Elaborate.
OR
Answer:
‘A Sunny Morning’ reveals the romantic side of both Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo. Elucidate. Laura and Gonzalo met each other in Valencia as gallant young lovers. They loved each other intensely. Gonzalo used to toss a bouquet of flowers at Laura in the morning and he would receive a bouquet of flowers from her while returning home.

Unfortunately, her parents wanted Laura to marry a merchant instead of Gonzalo. Once, the merchant insulted Gonzalo and it ended up in a duel between them. The merchant was seriously injured in the duel. He was highly regarded in his place and, fearing action, Gonzalo hid in several places. He wrote letters to Laura but they were intercepted by her parents and Laura did not get a chance to read them.

Two years later, she married someone else and settled down in her life. But, the brief romantic affair continued to linger in her heart of hearts. In the same way, Gonzalo did not get any reply to his letters from Laura. So three months later, he married a ballet dancer and settled down in Paris. Here again, he could not completely forget the beautiful ‘Silver Maiden’ that Laura was known as. When they met in the park after a lapse of nearly 50 years, both of them were able to recall the brief, but intense romantic affair in Valencia.

Question 9.
Everything is fair in love and war. How do you substantiate this statement relating to the attitudes of Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo in the play?
Answer:
‘A Sunny Morning’ presents the story of Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura, who were ardent lovers in their youth, but were tom apart in life by fate. They are now in their 70s. The very lovers meet as total strangers unexpectedly in a park in Madrid. As the play begins, Dona Laura is seen in the park feeding pigeons with bread crumbs. It is at that point an old man enters with his attendant. The old man is none other than Don Gonzalo, who is seen to be quite irritated as he finds no bench in the park vacant. Quite grudgingly he comes near Laura and shares her bench. Laura gets infuriated as the old man has scared the pigeons she was feeding and calls him ‘an ill-natured man.’ With her witty remarks, she makes him tongue-tied and helpless.

But, after a few moments of disagreement, both of them have a pinch of snuff and reconcile with each other. Gonzalo says that he is from Valencia and to his surprise, Laura reveals that she is from Maricela. Gonzalo is startled by the revelation and he says that he knows a woman named Laura Llorente who lived in a villa there, who was perhaps the most beautiful woman he had ever seen. Both Laura and Gonzalo realize that they were the very same young lovers once. But they pretend not to reveal their identities. Though both of them have changed a lot physically, they still cherish the memories of their adventurous youth.

Though initially, they appear to be cynical, fussy and ill-natured, soon they become friends. When they discover that they were lovers once in their youth, they relive their romantic meetings as before and pretend not to recognize their earlier selves. Like young people, they live in a dream world of their own and are reluctant to come back to the world of reality. They tell atrocious lies to defend their previous actions and exit with a promise to meet the next day.

Question 10.
A Sunny Morning’ is a comic presentation of a serious human relationship. Explain.
Answer:
‘A Sunny Morning’ tells the past love story of two ardent lovers – Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura in a comic way. It is a serious human relationship but was torn apart in life by fate. However, the two lovers meet again when they are in their 70s, not as lovers, but as total strangers, unexpectedly in a parkin Madrid.

Laura Llorente was known in her locality as ‘The Silver Maiden’. She was in love with Gonzalo, a gallant lover. He used to pass by her house on horseback every morning through the rose garden and toss up a bouquet of flowers to her balcony which she caught. On his way back in the afternoon she would toss the flowers back to him. But Laura’s parents wanted to marry her off to a merchant whom she disliked.

One day there ensued a quarrel, leading to a duel between Gonzalo and the merchant, her suitor. The merchant was seriously injured. Fearing serious consequences, Gonzalo fled from his house in the town to Seville and then to Madrid. Even though he tried to communicate with Laura through letters, his attempts failed and he gave her up as lost forever and ran off to Paris with a ballet dancer. Meanwhile, Laura waited for the news of Gonzalo, for one year and finally got married.

Both of them have changed a lot physically but they still cherish the memories of their youth. However, When they meet in the park, they appear to be cynical, fussy, and ill-natured. The way they repartee and express their resentment towards each other creates opportunities for humour in the play. Finally, they become friends after sharing a pinch of snuff. They gradually come to realize that they are the very same lovers of yesteryears.

Question 11.
Laura and Gonzalo recognize each other but conceal their identity. How does A Sunny Morning’ present this?
Answer:
Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo come face-to-face in a retired corner of a park in Madrid on a Sunday morning. The strangers soon become friends without knowing that they were lovers once. Then Gonzalo happens to tell her that he had spent his youth in Valencia city. Laura’s curiosity having been provoked, she tells Gonzalo that she also had spent several seasons in Maricela, a villa near the sea in Valencia. When Gonzalo is startled to hear the name ‘Maricela’, Dona Laura asks him whether the name is familiar to him. Don Gonzalo tells her that he had seen a beautiful woman Laura Llorente living there.

On hearing the name Laura Llorente mentioned, Dona Laura shows her surprise. From that moment onwards, it becomes clear that both of them know who they are and intentionally conceals their identity. When Dona Laura tells him that Laura Llorente was her best friend and she was called the ‘Silver Maiden’, Don Gonzalo endorses it and tells her that ‘Silver Maiden’ was her popular name in the locality. Further, he tells her that she used to stand at a particular window. Then Dona Laura endorses his statement. Inadvertently, when Don Gonzalo tells her that he spent many hours there during his youthful days, Dona Laura gives a sigh and endorses his statement and says “And in mine, too.”

Then Don Gonzalo gives a description of her beauty and expresses his admiration calling her a dream. Then Dona Laura makes an aside remark and tells Gonzalo that if he but knew that Laura was by his side he would realize what dreams come to. This way, their conversation goes on until the end, each speaking to the other in disguise. Though they appear to be concealing their identity, they know tacitly that they are the true lover’s Laura and Gonzalo of their youthful days. In the end, before leaving the park, Laura drops the violets, and when Gonzalo stoops to pick up the flowers, Laura looks at him. Thus they come to recognize each other.

Question 12.
A Sunny Morning’ presents a situation that is not so sunny for Laura and Gonzalo. Do you agree? Give reasons.
Answer:
Yes. I totally agree with the statement. ‘A Sunny Morning’ presents a situation that is not so sunny for Laura and Gonzalo because they are the very same Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura of yesteryears, who were ardent lovers in their youth, but are now in their 70s. Their romantic relationship was torn apart in life by fate. It is a flashback scene, ironically re-narrated by the very same lovers.

In her youthful days, Dona Laura was known in her locality as ‘The Silver Maiden’. She was fair as the lily, with jet black hair and black eyes. She was like a dream. She was in love with Gonzalo, the gallant lover. He used to pass by on horseback every morning through the rose garden and toss up a bouquet of flowers to her balcony which she caught. On his way back in the afternoon she would toss the flowers back to him. But Laura’s parents wanted to marry her off to a merchant whom she disliked. One day there was a quarrel between Gonzalo and the merchant, the suitor. After the duel the young man fled from his hometown to Seville and then to Madrid, being scared of the consequences of a duel with a person highly regarded in that locality. Even though he tried to communicate with Laura through letters, all attempts failed.

Once Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura realize that they are the same old, young lovers of Maricela who were separated in life by fate, they decide not to reveal their identity because they learn from each other in what high esteem they held each other before they departed. come to know that both of them had given up the other as lost forever. While Dona Laura techs herself that she had married someone else after waiting for him for one year, Don Gonzalo tells himself that after fleeing from Valencia, then Seville and Madrid, he had run off to Paris with a ballet dancer in about three months. Therefore, they concoct fictitious stories so as to conceal their identities completely and to make the other believe that he or she was dead.

Later, when they realize that they are alive, they do not want to shatter their mutual images in the eyes of the other. Therefore, Don Gonzalo tells himself that he will not reveal himself because he is grotesque. He wishes that she had better recall the gallant horseman who passed daily beneath her window tossing flowers. Similarly, Dona Laura tells herself that “I am too sadly changed. It is better he should remember me as the black-eyed girl tossing flowers as he passed among the roses in the garden.”

Thus one can conclude that though A Sunny Morning’ presents a situation in which two old lovers are made to present a sunny situation of their past life, which is no longer sunny for them.

Question 13.
“The one-act play, ‘A Sunny Morning’ ultimately proves that ail love is sad.” Discuss.
Answer:
The inference, ‘all love is sad’, with reference to the one-act play, ‘A Sunny Morning’ is an overgeneralization. The comment attempts to universalize the concept of love. The word ‘all’ is an all-inclusive word and ‘all love’ tends to put together all kinds of love like the love between children and parents, love between teenagers, love between friends, love between husband and wife, and love between human beings and animals.

On the contrary, ‘all love is sad’ is a comment made with reference to an imaginative love affair supposed to have taken place between two lovers who were in their prime of youth and it gets re-enacted dramatically as a flashback incident in the play during a conversation that takes place in a retired corner of a park in Madrid on a Sunday morning, between two old people an old lady named Dona Laura and an old man named Don Gonzalo – who are now in their 70s. The dramatic technique used in the play is unique in its approach. The progression of events moves from the present to the past. The flashback technique highlights the intensity of the love between Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo which exists between them even ‘now’ after the lapse of half a century.

Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo have zest in life. Dona Laura loves birds and feeds them regularly. Gonzalo loves books and he promises to feed the birds the next time. There is no bitterness or regret or frustration about the past incident. Both of them seem to cherish those romantic moments they spent together during that phase of their life. It is this positive attitude even after 50 years of that incident that gives this play its vigour. Thus, ‘The Sunny Morning’ is a charming re-enactment of a romantic love affair and there is not even an ‘iota’ of pessimism in it. Hence, the comment ‘all love is sad’ is not the correct inference in the context of the play ‘A Sunny Morning’.

A Sunny Morning Vocabulary:

Collocations
A collocation is a combination of words that are commonly used together; the simplest way of describing collocations is to say that they ‘just sound right’ to native English speakers.
2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 5 A Sunny Morning - 1
Additional Exercises

A. Passive Voice:

Question 1.
After the duel, the gallant lover fled Valencia. Many letters ______ (write) by him to his beloved. Since no reply ______ (receive), he thought that they ______ (intercept) by her parents.
Answer:
were written; was received; had been intercepted.

Question 2.
When Gonzalo entered the park, his usual bench ______ (occupy) by the priests. He _____ (annoy) and his servant, Juanito ______ (ask) to rout them out.
Answer:
had been occupied; was annoyed; was asked.

Question 3.
One afternoon, just at sunset, as the first stars were appearing, the silver maiden ______ (seen) leaving the house. She sat upon a rock and her gaze ______ (fix) upon the horizon. The tide rose with a boom and she ______ (sweep) out to sea.
Answer:
was seen; was fixed; was swept.

Question 4.
Laura got up to go home. She ______ (support) by her maid. She turned her head and ______ (surprise) to see Gonzalo picking up the violets which ______ (drop) on the ground.
Answer:
was supported; was surprised; had been dropped.

B. Report the following conversation:

Question 1.
Petra: I see him over there waiting for me.
Dona Laura: Do not remain for more than ten minutes.
Petra: I will be back soon.
Dona Laura: Wait a moment.
Petra: What does the senora wish?
Answer:
Petra said that she could see him there waiting for her. In response, Dona Laura requested Petra not to remain for more than ten minutes. Petra assured Dona Laura that she would be back soon. Dona Laura requested Petra to wait a moment. Referring to Dona Laura as senora, Petra asked her what she wished.

Question 2.
Don Gonzalo: I want a bench to myself.
Juanito: There is none.
Don Gonzalo: That one over there is mine.
Juanito: There are three priests sitting there.
Don Gonzalo: Rout them out.
Answer:
Don Gonzalo said in a demanding manner that he wanted a bench to himself. Juanito replied that there was none. Don Gonzalo stated that the one over there was his. Juanito pointed out that there were three priests sitting there. Don Gonzalo ordered Juanito to rout them out.

Question 3.
Dona Laura: Do you use a shoe brush as a handkerchief?
Don Gonzalo: What right have you to criticize my actions?
Dona Laura: A neighbour’s right.
Don Gonzalo: I do not care to listen to nonsense.
Dona Laura: You are very polite.
Answer:
Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo whether he used a shoe brush as a handkerchief. Don Gonzalo asked her what right she had to criticise his actions. Dona Laura replied that she had a neighbour’s right. Don Gonzalo replied rudely that he did not care to listen to nonsense. Don Laura sarcastically replied that he was very polite.

Question 4.
Don Gonzalo: Do you mind my reading aloud?
Dona Laura: You can read as loud as you please.
Don Gonzalo: Can you read without glasses?
Dona Laura: I can.
Don Gonzalo: I envy your wonderful eyesight.
Answer:
Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura whether she minded his reading aloud. Dona Laura replied that he could read as loud as he pleased. Don Gonzalo further asked Dona Laura whether she could read without glasses. Dona replied in the positiye. Don Gonzalo remarked that he envied her wonderful eyesight.

Question 5.
Dona Laura: Will you go to your bench tomorrow?
Don Gonzalo: I will come to your bench.
Dona Laura: Do bring something for the pigeons.
Don Gonzalo: I will surely bring the crumbs.
Dona Laura: Thank you.
Answer:
Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo whether he would go to his bench the next day. Don Gonzalo replied that he would come to her bench. Dona Laura reminded him to bring something for the pigeons. Don Gonzalo assured her that he would surely bring the crumbs. Dona Laura thanked him.

Question 6.
Dona Laura: Have you been in America?
Don Gonzalo: Several times.
Dona Laura: You must have gone with Columbus.
Don Gonzalo: I am old. But I did not know Ferdinand and Isabella.
Answer:
Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo whether he had been in America. Don Gonzalo replied that he had been to America several times. Dona Laura observed that he must have gone with Columbus. Don Gonzalo said that he was old, but he hadn’t known Ferdinand and Isabella.

C. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate expressions given in brackets:

Question 1.
Three priests were sitting on Gonzalo’s usual bench in the park and talking. Gonzalo said that they were _____ time. He could not tolerate their sitting on his bench and _______ (resign himself, idling away, take liberty)
Answer:
idling away; resigned himself.

Question 2.
Gonzalo and Laura were annoyed with each other in the beginning. Gonzalo told Laura that she could not _____ and comment on his actions. However, the pinch of snuff he offered her tried to ______ between them. (know by heart, take the liberty, Makepeace)
Answer:
take the liberty; make peace.

Question 3.
Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo fail to realize what dreams ______. However, they try to impress each other. When Laura seems to read without glasses, Gonzalo does not know that she knows every word _____. (come to, by heart, take refuge)
Answer:
come to; by heart.

Question 4.
Both Gonzalo and Laura believe in destiny. They affirm that they were separated from each other after the duel since destiny had decided to _____ in their life. Laura’s parents kept a close watch on her and Gonzalo had to flee and ______ in his cousin’s house. (Makepeace, take refuge, play havoc)
Answer:
play havoc; take refuge.

A Sunny Morning by Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quintero About the playwright:

Serafin (1871 – 1938) and Joaquin (1873 – 1944) Alvarez Quintero were Spanish brothers, known as the ‘Golden Boys of Madrid Theatre’. They were celebrated playwrights of the early twentieth century. Together they wrote about 200 plays which depict the life, manners and speech of the people of their native Andalusia in Southern Spain. Their popular comedies, many of which have been translated into other languages, contributed to the revival of Spanish theatre. ‘The Flowers,’ ‘The Merry Heart,’ ‘One Hundred Years Ago,’ ‘The Galley Slave’ and ‘Apple of His Eye’ are some of their popular plays.

Characters:

Dona Laura
Petra – her maid
Don Gonzalo
Juanito – his servant

Story in brief:

‘A Sunny Morning’ revolves around Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura who, in their youth, were passionately attached to each other. A cruel blow of fate separates the two forever. They do not recognize each other when they meet in a park in Madrid on a sunny morning, after several years. But as they begin to talk in earnest, they realize that they are the protagonists of the original love story. But the usual reunion of the long-lost lovers does not take place here as both of them are unwilling to disclose their real identity since they are both sadly changed.

A Sunny Morning Summary in English

‘A Sunny Morning’ is a short, one-act play by Serafin and Joaquin Alvarez Quintero, two renowned Spanish dramatists. It is a romantic comedy which presents the story of Don Gonzalo and Dona Laura who, loved each other in their youth but were forced to separate in life.

On a sunny autumn morning in a quiet corner of a park in Madrid, Dona Laura, a handsome, white-haired lady of about seventy, refined in appearance, is feeding pigeons in the park. Don Gonzalo, a gentleman of seventy, gouty and impatient, enters. Their servants Petra, Dona Laura’s maid, and Juanito come and go nearby.

The conversation between the two seventy-year-olds begins sarcastically, with each accusing the other of encroaching on their private space. Don Gonzalo complains the priests have taken his bench and says Dona Laura is a “Senile old lady! She ought to be at home knitting and counting her beads.” She finds him “an ill-natured old man!” He resigns himself to “sit on the bench with the old lady.”

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 5 A Sunny Morning - 2

A pinch of snuff helps to clear their heads, and they find something in common with alternating sneezes of three times each. Dona Laura confides to the audience, “the snuff has made peace between us.”

They begin to banter back and forth in a more friendly manner. Then Don Gonzalo reads out loud from a book of poems. As they converse, Gonzalo says that he is from Valencia and to his surprise, Laura reveals that she is from Maricela where she lived in a villa. Gonzalo is startled by the revelation and he says that he knows a woman named Laura Llorente who lived in a villa there, who was perhaps the most beautiful he had ever seen. Both Laura and Gonzalo realise each other to be former lovers. But they pretend not to reveal their identities.

In her youthful days, Dona Laura was known in her locality as ‘The Silver Maiden’. She was fair as the lily, with jet black hair and black eyes. She was like a dream. She was in love with Gonzalo, the gallant lover. He used to pass by on horseback every morning through the rose garden and toss up a bouquet of flowers to her balcony which she caught On his way back in the afternoon she would toss the flowers back to him. But Laura’s parents wanted to marry her off to a merchant whom she disliked. One day there was a quarrel between Gonzalo and the merchant, the suitor. After the duel the young man fled from his hometown to Seville and then to Madrid, being scared of the consequences of a duel with a person highly regarded in that locality. Even though he tried to communicate with Laura through letters, all attempts failed.

Now Laura and Gonzalo devise stories of their own deaths. The old Gonzalo says that he is the cousin of the young man. According to him, the young Gonzalo had to leave his place as he was involved in a fight with a merchant, the suitor of Laura. Then he joined the army and went to Africa where he met with a glorious death. The old Laura says that she knows the woman named Laura, known as The Silver Maiden’ and that she was her friend during her young age. She also lies that she knows the tragic story of her love affair with a gallant young man named Gonzalo. The old woman reveals that not finding her lover, the young and beautiful Laura committed suicide.

But, in reality, after three months Gonzalo ran off to Paris with a ballet dancer and Laura, on the other hand, got married after two years. Both realise that they are lying but pretend to be unaware. When the play ends, they agree to meet at the park again, still not acknowledging what they both know to be true.

A Sunny Morning Summary in Kannada

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 5 A Sunny Morning - 3
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2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 5 A Sunny Morning - 9

Glossary:

  • Don: sir
  • Dona: Miss, Madam
  • Handsome: (of man) good-looking, (of woman) striking and imposing in good looks rather than conventionally pretty.
  • Madrid: the capital and largest city of Spain.
    Unimpaired: not damaged.
  • Parasol: a colourful umbrella.
  • Senora: the Spanish way of addressing a married woman similar to madam or Mrs.
  • Adios: adieu, farewell, goodbye.
  • Spryest: most active and energetic.
  • Gluttons: those who eat excessively.
  • Threnody: song of lamentation
  • Gouty: suffering from inflammation of the joints
  • Aravaca: a neighbourhood of the city of Madrid
  • Boudoir: a woman’s private room
  • Valencia: the third-largest city in Spain
  • Grotesque: distorted.
  • Duel: a formal fight between two people in which they use guns or swords in order to settle a quarrel.
  • Campoamor, Espronceda, Zorilla and Becquer: famous Spanish writers of the 19th century
  • refined: elegant and cultured in appearance and manner
  • senile: displaying the weaknesses of old age; also suggests a loss of mental faculties
  • counting his beads: praying
  • indignant: resentful and annoyed
  • Campoamor: Ramon de Campoamor (1817-1901) was a Spanish realist poet and philosopher
  • Espronceda: Jose de Espronceda (1808-42), a Spanish romantic poet
  • Zorilla: Jose Zorilla (1817-93), a Spanish romantic poet and dramatist
  • Becquer: Gustavo Becquer (1836-70), a Spanish post-romanticist poet
  • Columbus: Christopher Columbus (1451-1506), an explorer and coloniser
  • Ferdinand and Isabella: the Catholic monarchs of Spain; they patronised the explorations of Columbus
  • Providence: God; the spiritual power that guides a believer
  • refuge: shelter
  • atrocious: extremely bad
  • prostrated: here, greatly distressed, shocked, upset
  • calamity: disaster
  • threnody: a lament

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 2nd PUC to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Karnataka 2nd PUC English Answers Chapter 5 A Sunny Morning in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 3 On Children

Students who are in search of On Children Questions and Answers Pdf, Notes, Summary. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Karnataka Board 2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the Answers with the help of Karnataka State Board 2nd PUC. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by writing grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Karnataka State Board 2nd PUC English Answers according to the chapters.

Karnataka 2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 3 On Children

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On Children Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

On Children Comprehension I

On Children Summary KSEEB Solutions 2nd PUC  Question 1.
And a woman who held a babe against her bosom said, “Speak to us of Children.” And he said: Here ‘he’ refers to
a. her child.
b. the Prophet
c. the poet
Answer:
(b) the Prophet.

On Children Notes KSEEB Solutions 2nd PUC Question 2.
‘Your children are not your children’ means
a. they do not belong to their parents only.
b. the children should have their own space.
c. parents should not be possessive of their children.
Answer:
(b) the children should have their own space.

On Children Poem KSEEB Solutions 2nd PUC  Question 3.
‘They come through you, but are not from you’ means
a. though parents give birth to their children they do not own them.
b. children have independent personalities..
c. parents should be indifferent to their children.
Answer:
(a) though parents give birth to their children they do not own them.

On Children Question And Answer KSEEB Solutions 2nd PUC Question 4.
According to the prophet, what may be given to the children?
OR
What can be given to the children by their parents, according to the prophet?
Answer:
According to the prophet, the parents can give only their love and affection to their children.

On Children 2nd Puc Notes KSEEB Solutions Question 5.
‘their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow’ means
a. children belong to the future.
b. parents cannot shape their children’s future.
c. children have a different vision of life.
Answer:
(a, c) children belong to the future/children have a different vision of life.

On Children Poem Summary KSEEB Solutions 2nd PUC Question 6.
‘The bows’ and ‘living arrows’ refer to ____ and _____
Answer:
parents and children.

On Children Answers KSEEB Solutions 2nd PUC Question 7.
‘For even as He loves the arrow that flies, so He loves also the bow that is stable.’ Discuss the contrast between the underlined words.
Answer:
In the last four lines of the poem, Gibran uses the metaphor of archer-bow-and-arrows to explain the role of parents in bringing up children. In this metaphor, God is the archer, the parents represent the bow, and the children are the living arrows. Like an archer, God bends the bows testing them for stability to aid the arrows as they try to reach their destination. “It is the archer who decides the target, which is marked upon the path of the infinite, and He bends the parents (bows) with His might that His arrows may go swift and far”.

Children are life’s longing for itself and it is the parents who serve as a passage for them to come to the earth. Once they are born, it is the parents’ responsibility to see that the ‘living arrows’ (children) reach the intended target which has been decided by the archer himself. Each arrow is ready to fly but the bow must be able to withstand the strain or pressure caused on it and remain stable or firm so as to enable the arrow to reach its target. The arrows have to fly and the bow has to be stable because the bow must be flexible enough to bend according to the will of the archer. This contrast between the role of the arrows and the role of the bow is brought out in the last line of the poem in the word ‘flies’ which refers to the arrows and ‘stable’ which refers to the bows.

On Children Comprehension II

KSEEB Solutions For Class 12 English 2nd PUC Question 1.
Why does the prophet categorically state “Your children are not your children’?
OR
Tour children are not your children’. How is this statement relevant with reference to ‘On Children’?Explain,
OR
Tour children are not your children’. Why? What does the prophet mean by this?
Answer:
According to Kahlil Gibran, love occupies the most important place in God’s creation. Love is not created by us but is sent from above and it directs everything in our life as it sees fit. In this poem, Gibran illustrates how love works in the intimate relationship of parenthood. Gibran wants us to understand that our role as parents is only ’stewardship’ and nothing else.
In the line ‘Your children are not your children’ Gibran tells parents to be aware that a child is not a thing to be possessed by us because we have not created ‘life’.

A child is eternal life itself and is a gift from the abundance of existence. As parents we may have brought them to the earth. This has happened so because we have been chosen to be a vehicle and so we are nothing else but a passage. It is life’s longing for itself that brings children to earth, as sons and daughters. Since children are not lifeless things we cannot possess them. That is why the prophet categorically states that ‘Your children are not your children’.

On Children Poem Notes KSEEB Solutions 2nd PUC Question 2.
What does the metaphor of bow and arrow signify with regard to the parent-children relationship?
OR
What do the bow and arrow signify in the poem ‘On Children’?
OR
How is the parent-child relationship brought out using the metaphor of bow and arrows?
OR
Bring out the significance of the metaphors ‘bows’, ‘arrows’and ‘archer’.
OR
“Parents are bows, children are arrows and God is the archer”. How does the poem ‘On Children’ highlight these images?
OR
‘On Children’ refers to children as arrows and parents as bows. Explain.
Answer:
In his sermon on children, in the first part, Gibran explains to parents how they should take care of their children as ‘stewards’. In the last part of the sermon, Gibran uses the metaphor of the bow and the arrows to help parents visualize their role in bringing up children.

In this metaphor, God, or the supreme power, is the archer, parents are the bows and the arrows are the children. The archer uses the bow only as an instrument to send the arrows to their target. The archer decides the trajectory and the target on the infinite path and pulls the string with all his might. As he pulls the string, the bow has to bend and yet withstand the strain and pressure caused in shooting the arrow. The bow should not snap in two. From this metaphor, it becomes clear that parents serve only as an instrument or as a vehicle to help the arrow fly to its destination and parents cannot own them.

On Children 2nd Puc KSEEB Solutions Question 3.
According to the prophet, what attitude should parents have towards their children?
OR
How does the poet describe the responsibility of parents in the poem ‘On Children’?
Answer:
Kahlil Gibran tells the parents that they are not the owners of their children. He argues that children have come to this earth as Life’s longing for itself and are born as sons and daughters and they are not created by parents. Hence, parents cannot possess them. Parents should consider themselves as ‘stewards’ and their role is only stewardship. Gibran wants parents not to look upon their children as their puppets and so as not to impose their religion, politics, and ideas on the innocent children. Parents may give their own love but not their thoughts, because the children have their own souls. They have the free will to do as they please and have a mind of their own. They are free to think for themselves.

Parents merely act as ‘guiding lights’ for their children. They have the will to act as who they are and lead their own life and not how their parents want them to. The children have their own future, parents belong to the yesterdays, but children belonging to the tomorrows. We should only give as much love as we can and should let them grow according to their own potential. We may strive to be like them but we should never trust our past on them. We should resist the temptation of making our child a carbon copy of ourselves.

On Children Comprehension III

On Children KSEEB 2nd PUC Question 1.
In this poem, ‘parents could’ stand as a metaphor for
(a) the older generation
(b) leaders
(c) religious heads
(d) teachers.
Having considered the above options, offer different readings of the poem.
Answer:
(a) In the poem ‘On Children’ by Kahlil Gibran, ‘parents’ could stand as a metaphor for the older generation. The poem could be taken as a dialogue between Almustafa, the prophet, and the older generation. As advised by the prophet, the older generation must understand that the children of this generation are born as life’s longing for itself. They have their own souls. Therefore, the older generation must only strive to protect their bodies until they become adults so that they grow up as mature individuals and fulfil god’s mission for which they have come to this earth. The older generation should not indoctrinate the younger generation to lead a life as their parents like because the souls of the younger generation dwell in the house of tomorrow to which the older generation cannot enter. However, their duty is to make the younger generation realize that they have been sent to the earth by God to fulfill his mission.

(b) Similarly, ‘parents’ could also be taken as a metaphor for ‘leaders’. As leaders, they can only protect their children physically, until they come of age. They should not compel them to accept their ideologies and live to fulfill their mission. On the contrary, the leaders must understand that their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, and hence the ideas of the older generation leaders will only take them backward. But the leaders also are god’s children and have been utilized by God as his instrument to send the children to the earth. Therefore, they must see to it that they protect the younger generation until they grow and become mature individuals. They must also be made aware of god’s purpose in sending them to the earth.

(c) The word ‘parents’ could also be taken as a metaphor for religious heads. The poem can be taken as a dialogue between the prophet and the religious heads. The religious heads are also children of God. They must realize that God wants them to protect their children when they are young and lead them in such a way that the children should have full freedom to obey the yearnings of their souls. The religious teachers should not force their children to obey and accept their ideas of God and his creation. They must only make them realize that as children they have been sent by god to this earth to fulfil god’s mission. Like his obedient children, they must be made aware that they have to fulfill god’s mission on this earth.

(d) Similarly, the word ‘parents’ could be taken as a metaphor for teachers and the poem could be taken as a dialogue between Almustafa, the prophet, and the teachers. The teachers must understand that they are expected to serve only as guardians and protect their children until they grow up and mature into fully grown adults. As teachers, they should only make them aware that they have come down to fulfill god’s mission. Teachers should not think that they should punish and make them do what he or she likes. On the other hand, their only job is to see that they are taken care of physically and are given complete freedom for their souls to grow and mature and understand god’s mission in sending, them to this earth.

Question 2.
In light of the poem, think of different levels of freedom children must have in shaping their lives.
Answer:
The parents must understand that God expects them to work as guardians to protect their children physically until they grow up and mature and realize god’s wishes. In their childhood, instead of getting overly attached to them, the parents should treat them as guests in their homes. They must love and respect them. They should help create an environment conducive for their growth and see that they grow and remain physically, emotionally, intellectually, and spiritually healthy. All-round development is important.

Care for their mental health is equally important. Parents can do this by creating an environment allowing the inborn talent and goodness of the children to blossom. Children are not born bad, the environment makes them so. Therefore, it is necessary to create a healthy environment for the children at home, in school, and in society.

Parents should not treat their children as their puppets but shower their love as much as they can and take good care of them as we do to someone who is given to our charge. Parents should take care of their needs only and should not impose their thoughts and ideas on them.

The parents superimpose ideas, thoughts, and even their pride upon their kids. Instead of imposing philosophies and thoughts on the children, they should give them love and create an atmosphere for their inner talents to flower.

As they grow into adults, the parents must exercise all the more patience and give them the freedom to make their own decisions and let them do what they like for a living. They must also strive to make them aware of the pitfalls in their path if they choose the wrong path.

Finally, when they attain a marriageable age, parents should not influence their decisions by highlighting their lineage or wealth or caste. They must allow full freedom to love and marry a girl of their choice.

Question 3.
The poem ‘On Children’ does not focus merely on the lives of children but also talks about the responsibility of parents. Explain.
Answer:
The poem ‘On Children’ is a sermon on parents. It does not focus merely on the lives of children but also talks about the responsibility of parents. In the first part, Gibran argues that children take birth as life’s longing for itself. Since we do not create children, we cannot possess them. However, Gibran argues that parents do have a role in the life of children. He says that we should give our children as much love as we can but never our thoughts. The children must be let free to think for themselves, and parents must not thrust their ideas on them.

Next, Gibran talks about the responsibility of parents. He states that God is the archer, and his parents are his bows. The archer decides on the target, bends the bow to suit his target, and shoots the arrows. The arrows are the children. Thus the archer wants the parents to serve as his instrument. If the bow remains rigid and inflexible, the arrows may not reach the desired destination. Therefore, as parents, it is our responsibility to be flexible enough to allow our children to live their own lives.

On Children Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each:

Question 1.
Who does the word “bows’ refer to in the poem?
Answer:
To parents.

Question 2.
Who does ‘living arrows’ refer to in the poem?
Answer:
To children.

Question 3.
Who does ‘archer’ refer to in the poem?
Answer:
To God.

Question 4.
Who does God use as his instrument to send living arrows to the earth?
Answer:
Parents.

Question 5.
Why does God bend the parents with all his might?
Answer:
God bends the parents with all his might to test them for stability and strength so that the arrows (children) that they shoot travel far and reach their destination.

Question 6.
What brings children to the earth?
Answer:
Life’s longing for itself.

Question 7.
Who dwells in the house of tomorrow?
Answer:
Children.

Question 8.
Who loves both the bow and the arrow?
OR
According to the speaker of ‘On Children’, the one who loves both the arrow and the bow is
(a) the archer
(b) the parents
(c) the children.
Answer:
God, the archer.

Question 9.
What, according to the speaker, can parents not visit?
Answer:
The parents cannot visit the house/houses or the world in which their children are going to live. They also can’t visit their houses even in their dreams.

Question 10.
In ‘On Children’, you may give them your love but not your
(a) dreams
(b) thoughts
(c) gladness.
Answer:
(b) thoughts.

Question 11.
What does the phrase’the bow that is stable’ refer to?
Answer:
The phrase ‘the bow that is stable’ refers to parents who serve God’s wishes without fail and with conviction.

Question 12.
In ‘On Children’, God loves the arrow that flies as well as the bow that
(a) does not bend
(b) breaks
(c) is stable.
Answer:
(c) is stable.

Question 13.
Who asked the Prophet to speak on children?
Answer:
A woman asked the prophet to speak about children.

Question 14.
Where, according to the speaker, do the souls of children dwell?
Answer:
According to the speaker, the souls of children dwell in the house of tomorrow.

Question 15.
What should parents not give their children?
Answer:
Parents may give only their love for their children and should not give their thoughts.

Question 16.
What does not go backward, according to the speaker, in ‘On Children’?
Answer:
Life.

Question 17.
Why does the archer bend his bow?
Answer:
The archer bends his bow so that His arrows might go swift and far.

Question 18.
Whose sons and daughters are our children, according to the speaker, in ‘On Children’?
Answer:
According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, our children are the sons and daughters of life’s longing for itself.

Question 19.
Who, according to the speaker in ‘On Children’, have their own thoughts?
Answer:
According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, the sons and daughters of life’s longing for itself have their own thoughts.

Question 20.
Who, according to the speaker in ‘On Children’, are sent forth as living arrows?
Answer:
According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, our children are sent forth as living arrows.

Question 21.
Where, according to the speaker in ‘On Children’, does the archer see the mark?
Answer:
According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, the archer sees the mark upon the path of the infinite.

Question 22.
Who, according to the speaker in “On Children’, sees the mark upon the path of the infinite?
Answer:
According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, the archer sees the mark upon the path of the infinite.

Question 23.
According to the speaker in ’On Children’, life does not go ______
(a) swift
(b) backward
(c) forth.
Answer:
(b) backward.

Question 24.
Let your bending in the archer’s hand be for ______. The right word from ‘On Children’ to fill in the blank is
(a) gladness
(b) longing
(c) striving.
Answer:
(a) gladness.

Question 25.
The house of tomorrow in ‘On Children’ cannot be visited even in _______
(a) thoughts
(b) ideas
(c) dreams.
Answer:
(c) dreams.

Question 26.
The’archer’in’On Children’refers to
(a) child
(b) God
(c) Prophet.
Answer:
(b) God.

Question 27.
According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, life does not tarry with
(a) today
(b) tomorrow
(c) yesterday.
Answer:
(c) yesterday.

II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80-100 words each:

Question 1.
How, according to the speaker, should parents look upon their children?
Answer:
According to the prophet Almustafa, parents should never believe that they own or possess their children. They should behave as though their role is that of being guards and/or ‘stewards’. Parents should not treat their children as their puppets but shower their love as much as they can and take good care of them as we do to someone who is given to our charge. Parents should not impose their thoughts and ideas on them because our children belong to the future whereas we belong to the past generation.

Question 2.
How should parents raise their children, according to the speaker?
OR
How should parents take care of their children, according to the speaker in ‘On Children’?
Answer:
Almustafa tells parents that they can only act as ‘stewards’ and their role is one of ‘stewardship’; parents should not treat their children as their puppets but shower their love as much as they can and take good care of them as we do to someone who is given to our charge. Parents should take care of their needs only and should not impose their thoughts and ideas on them. They should not do so because our children belong to the future whereas we belong to the past generation.

Question 3.
What are the views of the Prophet on parents and children in the poem ‘On Children’?
Answer:
According to the Prophet, a child is a gift from the abundance of existence and it is eternal life itself. Children are born as sons and daughters as ‘life’s longing for itself’. Parents do not create them and hence cannot possess them. Parents serve as a ‘passage’ or vehicle to bring the children to this world. Further, children have their own thoughts because they have the free will to do as they please. Whereas parents belong to the yesterdays, their children belong to the future. The children will have their own scriptures and saints; hence parents should only give them as much love as they can and not their thoughts. Parents should not thrust their past as an inheritance on their children but should let them grow according to their own potential.

Gibran uses the metaphor of archer-bow-and-arrows to explain the role of parents in bringing up children. In this metaphor, God is the archer, the parents represent the bow, and the children are the living arrows. Like an archer, God bends the bows testing them for stability to aid the arrows as they try to reach their destination. “It is the archer who decides the target, which is marked upon the path of the infinite, and He bends the parents (bows) with His might that His arrows may go swift and far”.

Question 4.
How is the parent and children relationship brought out in Kahlil Gibran’s poem ‘On Children’?
Answer:
In his sermon ‘On Children’, Gibran assumes the persona of Almustafa and speaks to the people with the intention of enlightening them about ‘children’ and to guide them as to how they should bring up their children.

First, he says that ‘children’ are born to fulfill the ‘longing’ of life itself. They are a gift from the abundance of existence. God, the supreme power, uses parents as a vehicle or passage to bring children to this earth. Since parents do not create ‘life’, parents do not own children. They may house their bodies but not their souls.

Secondly, children have their own souls and are not non-living things. Therefore parents cannot possess them as puppets. Life’s longing for itself brings forth children in the form of sons and daughters. Hence, our sons and daughters do not belong to us though we have borne them.

Thirdly, since parents bring children to this earth, they should also take care of children as ‘stewards’ and protect them, take care of their needs until they grow and mature and become fully developed individuals. Parents should take care of their needs only and should not impose their thoughts and ideas on them.

III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words each:

Question 1.
“Your children are not your children’ How does the poet illustrate this truth in the poem?
OR
How does the poem bring out the relationship between parents and children?
Answer:
The poet firmly believes that life is a journey, and God is both the ‘starting point’ and the destination. This journey is an inner one, a spiritual one and we are born to undertake this journey. The whole poem serves to express this belief. The poet attempts to explain what role the parents should play in bringing up their children.

The speaker says that a child is a gift from the abundance of existence and it is eternal life itself. That is why the poet says that ‘your children are not your children’. Then he makes our role clear. He tells the parents that they have brought their children to this world because they have been chosen to serve as a ‘passage’ or vehicle to bring them to this world.

Further, he tells us that since children belong to the future they have their own thoughts and the free will to do as they please. Then he tells us that we have to take care of our children as ‘stewards’ and give them ‘love’ and physical nourishment so that they grow up to serve their role.

Since God is the creator and the final destination, God is the archer, the parents his bow, and the children his arrows. We only serve to send the arrows swift and far and help it reach its destination. God loves both the bow and the arrows because God is the eternal creator of nature’.

Question 2.
‘On Children’ offers new insights into the parent-children relationships. Discuss.
OR
‘On Children’persuades parents to see their children in a new light Elaborate.
Answer:
‘On Children’ is a sermon given by Almustafa to a woman holding a babe against her bosom. The fourteen-line poem is in the form of an imaginary conversation between a mother and the prophet Of the fourteen lines, the first five lines are devoted to enlightening the parents about who the children are and the remaining lines explain the role of the parents in bringing up their children.

‘On Children’ offers new insight into the parent-children relationship, and rejects our traditional, time-honoured, and conservative ideas of bringing up children.

According to the speaker, a child is a gift from the abundance of existence and it is eternal life itself. Children are born as sons and daughters as life’s longing for itself. Life longs to reproduce itself, and parents are its servants who execute that master plan. God uses parents as his instrument to send living ‘arrows’ to the earth. God, or the Supreme Being, is the archer, the parents are the bows and the children are the living arrows. Parents do not create them and hence they cannot possess them.

They are only the medium through which life expresses itself. Children have their own thoughts because they have the free will to do as they please. Parents can only act as ‘stewards’ and their role is one of ‘stewardship’. Parents should not treat their children as their puppets but shower as much of their love as they can.

Parents should take care of their needs only and should not impose their thoughts and ideas on them because our children belong to the future, whereas the parents belong to the past generation. Therefore, parents should also not burden their children with their dead past, their scriptures, and their saints. Since life looks forward and does not linger on, parents should let their children build their future, realize their potential, and resist the temptation to force their children to be like their carbon copy.

Question 3.
The poem, ‘On Children’rejects conservative upbringing of children. Explain.
Answer:
‘On Children’ is a sermon given by Almustafa to a woman holding a babe against her bosom. The fourteen-line poem is in the form of an imaginary conversation between a mother and the prophet Of the fourteen lines, the first five lines are devoted to enlightening the parents about who the children are and the remaining lines explain the role of the parents in bringing up their children.

‘On Children’ offers new insight into the parent-children relationship, and rejects our traditional, time-honoured and conservative ideas of bringing up children.

According to the speaker, a child is a gift from the abundance of existence and it is eternal life itself. Children are born as sons and daughters as life’s longing for itself. Life longs to reproduce itself, and parents are its servants who execute that master plan. God uses parents as his instrument to send living ‘arrows’ to the earth. God, or the Supreme Being, is the archer, the parents are the bows and the children are the living arrows. Parents do not create them and hence they cannot possess them.

They are only the medium through which life expresses itself. Children have their own thoughts because they have the free will to do as they please. Parents can only act as ‘stewards’ and their role is one of ‘stewardship’. Parents should not treat their children as their puppets but shower as much of their love as they can.

Parents should take care of their needs only and should not impose their thoughts and ideas on them because our children belong to the future, whereas the parents belong to the past generation. Therefore, parents should also not burden their children with their dead past, their scriptures and their saints. Since life looks forward and does not linger on, parents should let their children build their future, realize their potential and resist the temptation to force their children to be like their carbon copy.

Question 4.
We cannot keep pace with our children’s lives and thoughts. How is this elaborated in ‘On Children’?
Answer:
According to the speaker in ‘On Children’, a child is a gift from the abundance of existence and it is eternal life itself. Children are born as sons and daughters as ‘Life’s longing for itself’. Parents may have brought them to this world because they have been chosen to serve as ‘passage’ or vehicle to bring the children into this world.

Children are closer to the very source of life than old people. Children have their own thoughts because they have the free will to do as they please. Parents should not impose their thoughts and ideas on them because our children belong to the future, whereas parents belong to the past generation.

As parents, our days are over. We may try to be like our children, but our past acts like a barrier. Since parents belong to the yesterdays and their children belong to the tomorrows, parents cannot conceive of their future. The children will have their own scriptures and saints. The present is not only a meeting point but also a point of departure. Every day the gap between parents and their children will become wider and wider.

The children have their own future and we should let them grow according to their own potential. The children are closer to existence than we are. Life looks forward and does not linger on. Hence parents cannot keep pace with our children’s lives and thoughts. Parents should let their children build their future, realize their potential and resist the temptation to force their children to be like their carbon copy.

On Children by Kahlil Gibran About the Poet:

Kahlil Gibran (1883-1931) is a Lebanese-American artist and poet. His poems are considered ‘poetic essays’, as they do not adhere to the usual verification. ‘The Prophet’ is his best-known work and has been translated into more than 25 languages including Kannada.
‘On Children’ is a selection from ‘The Prophet’, which offers a critique of the usual expectations of parents about their children and urges them to introspect.

Background:
‘On Children’ by Kahlil Gibran is an excerpt from ’The Prophet’, one of his most popular works.
‘The Prophet’ occupies a unique place in world literature. It is a work of remarkable compassion, insight, hope and inspiration, with a timeless message that combines the dignity of the Christian Bible and the wisdom of the Sufis of Islam, phrased with simplicity and rhythmical quality that renders it accessible to a wider readership.

It represents an appeal for a return to and reconciliation with nature, emphasizing the relationship that binds individuals to their environment and their fellow creatures. They all become denizens of one world bound together by life and death. The speaker in ‘The Prophet’ speaks in the persona of ‘Almustafa’. Almustafa sets out his own version of the golden rule common to all great religions that we must do as we would be done by. What he voices is not some unattainable ideal, but practical wisdom and simple moral and spiritual values.

The keynote of ‘The Prophet’ is pantheism. Its central article of belief is that God is latent within everyone as a Greater Self, and that, this is attained through aspiration, or ‘yearning’, which is comparable to prayer in religion, and also through successive reincarnations. Life is a journey, and God is both ‘starting point’ and ‘destination’. The journey represents the condition of full awareness when the soul has embarked on the path leading to its desired union with God. The journey is an inner one, a spiritual one, in contrast to the travels of the twenty-first-century man or woman, which are all physical.

On Children Summary in English

‘On Children’ is an excerpt from ‘The Prophet’, one of Kahlil Gibran’s most popular works. ‘The Prophet1 includes twenty-six sermons on varied topics like Love, Marriage, Children, Houses, Clothes, Laws, Crime and Punishment, Buying and Selling, etc. The sermons are given by Almustafa who speaks in the persona of the poet.

‘Almustafa’ means the ‘chosen one’. The name also implies that he possesses spiritual knowledge and divine characteristics. Almustafa is a man of inner purity and is believed to be the ‘Perfect man’ or the universal man’.

In the opening sermon titled ‘The Coming of the Ship’, we learn that Almustafa has waited twelve years in the city of Orphalese for the ship that was to return and bear him back to the isle of his birth. The ship has arrived and he is about to go onboard. Before he boards the ship he is met by a woman named ‘Almitra’, who is a seeress. She prays to him to speak to the people of Orphalese about all that he has been shown about what lies between birth and death. Each of the 26 sermons is the reply given by Almustafa to all those who request him to speak about a particular topic.

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 3 On Children image - 1

‘On Children’ is one such sermon given by Almustafa to a woman holding a babe against her bosom, when she asks him to speak to the people ‘Of Children’. Almustafa begins his sermon with the opening line ‘Your children are not your children’.

In this imaginary conversation, there are fourteen lines of which five lines are devoted to enlightening the parents about what / who the children are and the remaining lines to explaining what role the parents should play in bringing up their children.

Your children are not your children.
They are the sons and daughters of Life’s longing for itself
They come through you but not from you,
And though they are with you, yet they belong not to you.
They have their own thoughts.

The speaker wants to make the parents aware that a child is a gift from the abundance of existence and it is eternal life itself. Just as we have seen eternal life flowing through mountains, through forests and through plains, children are born as sons and daughters as Life’s longing for itself. Life longs to reproduce itself, and we are its servants who carry out that master plan.

Parents do not create them and hence parents cannot possess them. Parents may have brought them to this world because they have been chosen to serve as ‘passage’ or vehicle to bring the children to this world. They are only the medium through which life expresses itself. Children are closer to the very source of life than old people. Furthermore, children have their own thoughts because they have the free will to do as they please.
In the next few lines, the speaker educates parents as to how they should treat their children.

You may give them your love, but not your thoughts
You may house their bodies but not their souls
For their souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, which you cannot visit, not even in your dreams
You may strive to be like them, but seek not to make them like you
For life goes not backward nor tarries with yesterday.

Almustafa tells parents that they can only act as ‘Stewards’ and their role is one of stewardship’; parents should not treat their children as their puppets but shower their love as much as they can and take good care of them as we do to someone who is given to our charge. Parents should take care of their needs only and should not impose their thoughts and ideas on them. They should not do so because our children belong to the future whereas we belong to the past generation.

As parents, our days are over. Parents may try to be like their children but their past acts like a barrier. On the contrary, children belong to the future. Since parents belong to the yesterdays, and their children belong to the tomorrows, parents cannot conceive of their future. Hence they should not burden their children with their dead past, their scriptures and their saints. The children will have their own scriptures and saints, parents should only give them as much love as they can. The present is a meeting point but also a point of departure. Every day the gap between parents and their children will become bigger and bigger.

And so, parents should not thrust their past as an inheritance on their children. The children have their own future and we should let them grow according to their own potential. The children are closer to existence than we are. Since life looks forward and does not linger on, parents should let their children build their future, realize their potential and resist the temptation to force their children to be like their carbon copy.

In the next few lines, Almustafa, the speaker, tries to give a visual account of how we should play our role as parents and how we can win God’s love:

You are the bows from which your children as living arrows are sent forth
The archer sees the mark upon the path of the infinite, and He bends you with His might that His arrows may go swift and far
Let your bending in the archer’s hand be for gladness;
For even as He loves the arrow that flies, so also He loves the bow that is stable.

Almustafa tells the parents that God uses parents as his instrument to send ‘living arrows’ to the earth. God or the Supreme Being is the archer, the parents are the bows and the children are his living arrows. An arrow does not have its own power nor does it create its own path of direction. Both these are provided by God. The archer is God and the path is infinity. Just like the archer, God decides the mark on the infinite path for each child as its destination and using the parents as bows, shoots the arrows. Like an archer, God bends the bows (which are the parents) testing them for stability. The bows must help the arrows to reach their destination.

Existence wants parents to bend like a bow before their own children because they have to travel far and they have to give them strength. Parents should not despise the tests God provides in the image of children, for these tests only make God love the parents more. The speaker wishes us to know that existence loves both parents and children because parents are also children of the same existence. God loves not only parents who are stable, but he also loves children who as arrows will be bows in the future and shoot their own arrows.

At the end of the sermon, the speaker says that while the archer loves the arrows (the children), “He also loves the bow that is stable”, which presents before the reader a paradox. As parents involved in the care of children, Gibran appears to be asking us to be strong and bendable at the same time.

This may seem like a contradictory idea, but if we examine the metaphor of the bow, it begins to make sense. The bow has to be able to withstand the force of its string being drawn back. To do this without snapping in two, the bow also has to have strength. This tensile strength allows the arrow being held on the string to be released with optimal energy as it creates balance through resistance and tension, not unlike the kind of discipline we try to adjudicate in the making and breaking of boundaries for our children either at home or in the classroom. Such discipline uses rules and regulations as guides that will hopefully enhance a child’s sense of freedom by engendering a balanced sense of responsibility within him or her as well.

Let your bending in the archer’s hand be for gladness;
For even as He loves the arrow that flies.
So He loves also the bow that is stable.

These lines imply that God, the archer, loves parents who give their children roots to grow in and the freedom to fly when their time has come to do so. He loves those who slowly step back and set them free as their children grow up, encouraging them to learn from their own experiences and to dream their own dreams. He expects parents to do all they can to help their children to fulfill their own highest potential.

The archer expects wise parents to tell the children in their care that they are the children of God and that therefore each child is as precious and unique as the other. Further, God expects parents to respect their children because they know that even when a child is still living in a smaller body than their own, it has nonetheless come into their world as a frilly developed soul and spirit in its own right, who may have a long history of evolution behind it that could have taken more lifetimes than those of its parents.

God expects wise parents to tell their children that they have come into this life to learn, evolve, and grow some more through their own experiences. When their children go to school, wise parents point out to them that they are learning for themselves and for life itself, not only for this lifetime but for Eternity. He expects wise parents to explain to their children the laws of the universe and that because of this, whatever anyone sends out to life has to return to them. Finally, God expects parents to teach children by their good example.

In conclusion, we may say that in this sermon (‘On Children’) Gibran illustrates how love works in the intimate relationship of parenthood.

On Children Summary in Kannada

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 3 On Children image - 2
2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 3 On Children image - 3
2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 3 On Children image - 4

Glossary:

  • hoyse (v): shelter, protect
  • tarry (v): linger, stay at one place
  • archer: one who uses bow and arrow (here God)

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2nd PUC English Textbook Answers, Notes, Guide, Summary Pdf Download Karnataka

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers, Notes, Guide, Summary Pdf Download Karnataka

Karnataka Board 2nd PUC English Textbook Answers, Notes, Guide, Summary Download pdf is available here. Students are suggested to refer KSEEB Solutions for 2nd PUC English while preparing for your examinations. It is very difficult to score the highest marks in exams without grammar knowledge. So make use of the Karnataka State Board 2nd PUC English Solutions Pdf links to enhance your grammar skills. Learning the concepts of Grammar is important in addition to the fast learning so Download 2nd PUC Karnataka Board Textbook solutions pdf for free of cost.

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Unit 1: Language Use

Part A

Part B

Unit 2: Reading

Unit 3: Writing

UNIT 4: Listening – Speaking

Appendix

Karnataka 2nd PUC English Blue Print of Model Question Paper

2nd PUC English Blue Print of Model Question Paper 1

2nd PUC English Blue Print of Model Question Paper 2

2nd PUC English Blue Print of Model Question Paper 3

Karnataka 2nd PUC English Design of the Question Paper

A. Length
a. Very Short Answer (VSA) (a word /phrase / sentence) (47 Marks)
b. Paragraph Answer (middle-length 80 to 100 words) (42 Marks)
c. Long Answer (LA) (in about 200 words) (11 Marks)

B. Level of Response (I to VII)
a. Easily Accessible (39 Marks)
b. Moderately Challenging (45 Marks)
c. Highly Challenging (16 Marks)

C. Rationale to be followed in the Question Paper
Section I
This should contain 4 questions on poetry and 8 on prose including the play. No True/False questions shall be asked. When MCQs are used, care should be taken to see that only one answer is possible.

Section II
Ten questions are to be set here. Out of ten, 7 shall be set on prose units including the play and 3 on poems. A student has to answer at least 2 questions on poems.

Section III
In this section an internal choice shall be provided with two questions set on prose units and one on poems. This question is aimed at testing the learner’s critical and analytical approach. The learner shall be provided an opportunity to come up with his/her personal views, stance and world view. The questions set in this section shall aim to do so.

Section IV
An unseen passage of moderate length is to be selected for this section. Ten questions on this passage are to be set. Along with questions on factual details, a few inferential questions shall be set. These inferential questions shall not be consecutive.
The questions set on lines chosen from the poem shall be aimed at testing extensive reading comprehension rather than testing the learner’s ability to appreciate. The lines from the poem shall be chosen from among the ones given in the Reading Unit of the Work Book.

Section V
This section shall contain questions on reported speech, use of the passive, dialogue writing, use of expressions and linkers. The questions set to test learning at these areas shall be contextualised.

Section VI
In this section questions on composition skills like note making, letter writing, speech writing and report writing shall be set. The letter shall be a job application. An internal choice shall be provided between speech writing (expansion) and report writing. For report writing, a bar chart, pie chart or line graph shall be given with a variety of data.

Section VII
This section aims to test the learner’s understanding of the pronominal words. For this purpose a short paragraph from the passage given at Q.No. 24 shall be given.
The question on jumbled segments shall have a minimum of five segments and shall be chosen from one of the prose units in the Course Book.

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2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 2 Too Dear!

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Karnataka 2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 2 Too Dear!

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Too Dear! Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

Too Dear! Comprehension I

Too Dear Notes 2nd PUC English KSEEB Solutions Question 1.
Why was ‘Monaco’ called a ‘toy kingdom’?
Answer:
Monaco was called a toy kingdom because it had such a tiny landmass that if all the land in the kingdom were divided, there would not be even an acre for each of its seven thousand inhabitants.

Too Dear 2nd PUC English KSEEB Solutions Question 2.
Name the commodities that were taxed in Monaco.
Answer:
The commodities taxed in Monaco were tobacco, wine, and spirit The people also paid a poll tax.

Too Dear Lesson Pdf 2nd PUC English KSEEB Solutions Question 3.
What was the source of the King’s special revenue? Who were its beneficiaries?
OR
Name the special source of revenue in the kingdom of Monaco.
Answer:
The percentage of profit given by the gaming housekeeper to the kinglet was the source of the king’s special revenue. The king, his ministers, courtiers, his servants, a bishop, his generals, and his army were its beneficiaries.

Too Dear Questions And Answers 2nd PUC English Question 4.
Why did the Germans stop gaming houses in their country and how did it benefit Monaco?
Answer:
The Germans stopped gaming houses because those gaming houses did much harm to people. If a man went to a gaming house to try his luck, risking all he had and lost it, then he would even risk money that did not belong to him. If he loses that also, he would be forced to commit suicide by drowning or shooting himself in despair. It benefitted Monaco as it was the only Kingdom that allowed a gaming house to run.

Too Dear 2nd Puc Notes KSEEB Solutions Question 5.
What was the punishment given to the murderer?
Answer:
The murderer was sentenced to death.

2nd Puc English Notes KSEEB Solutions Question 6.
The death sentence was converted into imprisonment for life because
a. Monaco had abolished the death penalty.
b. carrying out the death sentence was expensive.
c. Monaco wanted to show mercy to the criminal.
Answer:
(b) carrying out the death sentence was expensive.

Too Dear Summary 2nd Puc KSEEB Solutions Question 7.
How much did the king spend on the criminal annually?
Answer:
The king spent 600 francs on the criminal annually.

2nd Puc English Notes Too Dear KSEEB Solutions Question 8.
On what condition did the criminal agree to go away from the prison? How was his demand fulfilled?
Answer:
The criminal agreed to go away on condition that he be paid 600 francs as pension for a year regularly until his death. His demand was fulfilled because the prisoner refused to run away from the prison. If he had remained there the king would have been forced to keep a guard over him to watch and also feed him until his death. The criminal left the prison and the king’s dominions as well, as soon as he received one-third of his annuity in advance. He emigrated to another country just across the frontier and settled there comfortably.

Too Dear! Comprehension II

Too Dear Kseeb Solutions KSEEB Solutions Question 1.
Though gambling is a dirty business, why does the king of Monaco resort to it?
Answer:
The king of Monaco resorted to letting the gaming house run in his kingdom because the gaming housekeeper paid a large sum of money out of his profits. This money helped the kinglet to live and enjoy his life, holding court with all the ceremony of a real king.

Too Dear Class 12 Notes KSEEB Solutions Question 2.
Why did the king of Monaco keep changing his mind in dealing with the criminal?
OR
What problems did the authorities of Monaco face in dealing with the criminal? How did they resolve them?
OR
What made the king of Monaco alter his decisions in dealing with the criminal?
Answer:
The king of Monaco kept changing his mind in dealing with the criminal because, every time he took a decision, he faced a problem to execute it. First, the king accepted the judge’s verdict and ordered the execution of the criminal, but he cancelled it and changed the sentence to ‘imprisonment for life’ because there was neither a guillotine machine nor an executioner in his country. Moreover, if he had decided to borrow one from the King of Italy, he would have been forced to levy 2 francs per person as additional tax which he did not like.

Secondly, after keeping the criminal in prison for one year, he realized that he had to spend 600 francs on the maintenance of the criminal until his death, which would have proved to be again a financial burden to his people. Therefore, as advised by his council of ministers, he dismissed the guard hoping that the prisoner would run away. But the prisoner refused to run away because he had nowhere to go and he had stopped the habit of working. Once again the king faced a new problem. Then, as suggested by his council of ministers, the king ordered payment of 600 francs a year as pension and got rid of the criminal.

Too Dear Answers KSEEB Solutions Question 3.
Why was the criminal reluctant to go out of the prison?
Answer:
The prisoner was reluctant to go out of the prison because his character had been ruined by the death sentence given to him and he had nowhere to go. Secondly, by being imprisoned and given food in his cell every day, he had given up working to earn his living. So he had become lazy. Therefore he felt helpless and so refused to go.

2nd Puc English Too Dear Notes KSEEB Solutions Question 4.
How did the criminal lead his life after his release?
Answer:
After his release from prison, the criminal emigrated to another country and settled just across the frontier. With the money he had received as an annuity in advance, he bought a bit of land, started market-gardening and lived comfortably.

Too Dear! Comprehension III

Too Dear Notes 2nd Puc KSEEB Solutions Question 1.
“You can’t earn stone palaces by honest labour.’ Justify with reference to the story.
OR
“You can’t earn stone palaces by honest labour”. How does the author relate this statement to the actions of the king of Monaco?
Answer:
The King of Monaco levied taxes on tobacco, wine, and spirit. He also levied a poll tax. This was the source of his income. But, with the revenue collected this way, the king found it difficult to feed his courtiers, his officials, and to meet his own expenses. Nobody could live a king’s life with the meager income as the Prince of Monaco got from his subjects. Therefore, to drive home the truth of this statement he quotes the proverb, ‘You can’t earn stone palaces by honest labour’. It only means that if one wants to live beyond his means, honest labour alone cannot fetch him enough money for his luxuries.

It implies that one has to take recourse to earn extra money by some dishonest or unethical means. The King of Monaco also had a source of additional or alternative revenue. He used to receive a large sum of money regularly from a gaming housekeeper, who paid it out of his profits earned from his gaming house.

The king knew that earning one’s living by running a gaming house where people risked their money at the roulette table was a dirty business. Yet, he had allowed it to run because he needed more money. Also, he knew that collecting ‘tax’ on tobacco and ‘drink’ was also unethical but, anyhow he had been doing it for a long time and so he did not mind collecting additional revenue by this dirty business as well.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 12 English Question 2.
Though the trial and imprisonment of the criminal is depicted in a comic mode in this story, it does give rise to serious questions. What are they?
Answer:
‘Too Dear!’ tells the story of Monaco, a small kingdom in Europe. The author’s intention is to parody the efforts of the modern state to violently restrain crime.

Monaco had a small population, a small army and was ruled by a kinglet. Since it was a very small kingdom, it had meagre financial resources. The people lived peacefully but somehow a murder was committed. The criminal was tried as per the existing rules of the state and was finally sentenced to death. But, there was neither a guillotine machine nor an executioner in the state.

Therefore the king and the ministers made sincere attempts to borrow them from their neighbours the French Government and the King of Italy. After weighing the pros and cons of incurring a huge expenditure the king gave up the idea of getting the criminal executed and changed it to imprisonment for life. This cost the king 600 francs. When the king reflected over the cost, it struck him that the cost would become a big burden if the criminal lived another fifty years.

Again, the king and his ministers met discussed the issue and dismissed the guard believing that the criminal would run away on his own. But the criminal refused to go. Finally, the criminal was offered a small pension and paid one-third of his annuity as advance. He left the prison and emigrated to another country. Thus, there is a streak of humour in the story throughout

The author’s intention is to prod the reader with the following serious questions:

  • Why should ‘violence’ be punished with violence only?
  • What is the purpose of trying the criminal in a court of law and decreeing punishment?
  • Why are crimes committed and how can they be prevented?
  • What is the role of the government in crime prevention?
  • What guarantee is there that the ‘truth’ is revealed when the criminal is tried in a court of law?
  • How can the miscarriage of justice be prevented?
  • How can the court ensure that the convicted criminal is given punishment commensurate with the crime?
  • What is the role of the government in ensuring that the family of the criminal is not put to hardship after the execution of a criminal?
  • How much time should a country, like Monaco, whose resources are limited, spend on trial and punishment of criminals?

Question 3.
Were there other ways of dealing with the criminal? Discuss in the light of the story.
Answer:
Monaco was a very small kingdom, with a small population and a small army. Also, its revenue was meagre. Yet, the king managed to rule like any other king with courtiers, judges, and ministers enjoying the luxuries and privileges of a king. The king managed to enjoy his kingship, utilizing the additional revenue generated from monopolizing the gambling business. It is highly condemnable that a king should resort to doing a dirty business to enjoy royal comforts. One can only say the king is too self-centered.

As regards the ‘murder’ committed by a criminal, the kingdom did not have either a guillotine machine or an executioner. Secondly, the government could not afford to spend even 12000 francs on borrowing the same from the King of Italy. In such a situation it is quite preposterous to put in place a system of inflicting violence to eliminate violence.

One possible alternative punishment would have been sending the criminal into exile. Another alternative punishment would have been to condemn such criminals to hard, physical labour for life or for a limited period until they reformed their behaviour. It would be far more practical, economical, and humane to use the state’s resources to reduce crimes, this way.

Too Dear! Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each:

Question 1.
Where is the kingdom of Monaco situated?
Answer:
Near the borders of France and Italy.

Question 2.
How many inhabitants are there in the kingdom of Monaco?
OR
What is the population of the kingdom of Monaco?
Answer:
About seven thousand.

Question 3.
If the kingdom of Monaco were divided among its inhabitants, how much land would each inhabitant get?
Answer:
Each inhabitant would get less than an acre.

Question 4.
How many men are there in the army of Monaco?
OR
How many soldiers were there in the kingdom of Monaco in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
There are only sixty men in the army of Monaco.

Question 5.
What are the items on which tax is levied in Monaco?
Answer:
The items on which tax is levied are tobacco, wine, and spirits. The people of Monaco also pay poll-tax.

Question 6.
Name the special source of revenue in the kingdom of Monaco.
OR
Where does the special income mentioned in Too Dear!’ come from?
Answer:
The large sum of money paid by the gaming housekeeper, out of his profits from the gaming house.

Question 7.
How did the king of Monaco supplement the kingdom’s revenue?
Answer:
By keeping to himself the monopoly of the gaming business.

Question 8.
Where was the only gambling establishment left in Europe located?
OR
Which was the only place of gambling in Europe as mentioned in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
Monaco.

Question 9.
What business does the Prince of Monaco monopolise?
Answer:
The Prince of Monaco monopolized the business of gaming at the roulette table.

Question 10.
What unusual crime was committed in the kingdom of Monaco?
Answer:
Once, a murder was committed in the Prince’s domains.

Question 11.
What was the hitch in the execution of the criminal?
OR
Why couldn’t the murderer be executed?
OR
Mention one of the reasons for altering the death sentence to life imprisonment in ‘Too Dear!’.
Answer:
The Kingdom of Monaco did not have either a guillotine machine ora professional executioner.

Question 12.
To whom did the ministers of Monaco write first to help them with the execution?
Answer:
The ministers of Monaco wrote a letter of inquiry to the French Government to lend them a guillotine machine and the services of an expert and also inform them of the cost of doing so.

Question 13.
How much did the French government expect for a guillotine machine and an expert?
OR
How much would a guillotine and an executioner cost if supplied from France?
Answer:
The French Government offered to lend a guillotine machine and an expert for a price of 16000 francs.

Question 14.
Who, according to the Council, was a brother Monarch?
Answer:
The King of Italy.

Question 15.
How much did the Italian government demand to supply a guillotine and an executioner?
Answer:
12000 francs.

Question 16.
What reason did the soldiers give for not accepting to execute the criminal?
OR
Why couldn’t the soldiers undertake the job of killing the criminal?
Answer:
The soldiers said that they did not know how to do it and that was one thing that they had not been taught.

Question 17.
Where was the criminal’s food fetched from in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
From the palace kitchen.

Question 18.
Who brought food from the palace kitchen for the prisoner?
OR
Who fetched the criminal’s food initially in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
The guard who was appointed to keep watch over the prisoner brought food for him from the palace kitchen. ,

Question 19.
What was the new item of expenditure noticed by the Prince?
Answer:
The new item of expenditure was the money spent on keeping a guard to watch the criminal and to feed the criminal.

Question 20.
What was the pension offered to the criminal?
Answer:
The king offered a pension of 600 francs to the criminal.

Question 21.
How much did the criminal receive as an advance of his annuity before leaving Monaco?
Answer:
One-third of his annuity.

Question 22.
What work did the prisoner do after being released from prison?
OR
How did the criminal start a new life after he emigrated from Monaco?
OR
What did the criminal do to earn his living after his release?
Answer:
The prisoner bought a bit of land and started market-gardening.

Question 23.
What business does the King of Monaco monopolise?
Answer:
The King of Monaco monopolizes the business of gambling.

Question 24.
What was the initial punishment given to the criminal by the council?
Answer:
The council suggested that the criminal’s head be cut off as directed by law.

Question 25.
“In war, they don’t mind killing people”. Here, the word ‘they’ refers to
a) Council
b) Soldiers
c) Commission.
Answer:
(b) soldiers

Question 26.
Where did the criminal go to fetch his dinner in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
The Prince’s kitchen/ the palace kitchen.

Question 27.
The King’s special revenue in ‘Too Dear!’ came from
a) gaming house
b) poll tax
c) tax on tobacco.
Answer:
(a) gaming house.

Question 28.
The people of Monaco mentioned in ‘Too Dear!’ were
a) sociable
b) peaceable
c) fashionable.
Answer:
(b) peaceable.

Question 29.
Name the ‘Toy Kingdom’ mentioned in ‘Too Dear!’.
Answer:
Monaco is the ‘Toy Kingdom’ mentioned in ‘Too Dear!’.

Question 30.
Who is referred to as ‘a rascal’ by the king in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
The criminal who committed a murder in Monaco is referred to as ‘a rascal’ by the king in ‘Too Dear!’.

Question 31.
Where did the criminal settle after emigrating in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
After emigrating, the criminal settled in a place just across the frontiers, which could be reached by rail in only a quarter of an hour.

Question 32.
Which government is Republican and has no proper respect for the King in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
In ‘Too Dear!’, the French government is Republican and has no respect for the King.

Question 33.
How long was the criminal in the prison in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
The criminal remained in the prison watched by a guard for one year. Then, the guard was dismissed so as to prompt him to run away. But he remained there on his own, unguarded until he was promised a pension.

Question 34.
What does the keeper of the gaming house pay the Prince in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
The keeper of the gaming house pays a large sum to the prince, out of his profits from the gaming house.

Question 35.
Who gains more from the gaming house in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
In ‘Too Dear!’, the prince gains more from the gaming house.

Question 36.
What was unusual about the murder committed in Monaco in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
It was unusual for a murder to be committed in Monaco because the people were peaceable and never had such a crime like ‘murder’ happened before.

Question 37.
The king had to find a special source of revenue because
a) the income from the taxes was insufficient
b) his people drank and smoked less.
c) the people of Monaco gambled a lot
Answer:
(a) the income from the taxes was insufficient.

Question 38.
The death sentence in ‘Too Dear!’ was altered because
a) the king wanted to show mercy to the criminal.
b) doing so would not be expensive.
c) no one was willing to execute the criminal.
Answer:
(b) doing so would not be expensive.

Question 39.
When the guard was dismissed, the criminal in ‘Too Dear!’
a) was happy and tried to run away.
b) worried about the guard’s family
c) did not show any sign of running away.
Answer:
(c) did not show any sign of running away.

Question 40.
The criminal in ‘Too Dear!’ agreed to go away from the prison after
a) he was offered a pension.
b) he was allowed to emigrate.
c) the guard was dismissed.
Answer:
(a) he was offered a pension.

Question 41.
Which kingdom in ‘Too Dear!’ monopolised the gaming business?
Answer:
In ‘Too Dear!’, a tiny little kingdom called Monaco monopolised the gaming business.

II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of80-100 words each:

Question 1.
Why was the murderer finally sentenced to imprisonment for life?
OR
Why was the death sentence of the murderer altered to imprisonment for life?
Answer:
The king of Monaco sent two letters of inquiry to France and Italy so as to borrow a guillotine machine and the services of an executioner to execute the criminal. The French Government wrote to Monaco that it would cost them 16000 francs. The King of Italy offered to do the work for 12000 francs which included the travelling expenses also.

If the king had accepted the offer, he would have been forced to levy 2 francs per head on the whole population to collect 12000 francs. The people would not have accepted such a financial burden and that would have caused a riot. When the General of the Army also pleaded his inability to get the criminal executed by the soldiers, the ministers met again. They assembled a Commission, and a committee and a sub-committee to explore other ways of punishing the criminal at a cheaper price. They all came to the conclusion that altering the death sentence to one of imprisonment for life was the best thing to do. They also felt that such a step would enable the prince to show his mercy. The king too felt that it was not worth spending so much money to execute a criminal. Therefore, the king changed the death sentence to one of imprisonment for life.

Question 2.
Why did the criminal refuse to run away/escape from the prison?
OR
What were the arguments put forth by the prisoner for not running away from the prison?
OR
Why did the criminal refuse to escape from the prison in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
When the king realized that it was a serious matter to keep a criminal imprisoned for life and it would cause his people a huge financial burden, he summoned his ministers and asked them to find a cheaper way of punishing the criminal. The ministers met and after several deliberations suggested that they must dismiss the guard and 6ave some money. The king agreed to their suggestion. Soon, the guard was dismissed and they waited curiously to see what the criminal would do. The criminal came out of his prison at dinner time, collected his food from the palace kitchen, and returned to the prison, shut the door on himself, and stayed inside.

Later, the Minister of Justice asked him why he had not run away, as there was no guard to watch over him. They even told him that the prince would not mind if he ran away. But the prisoner told them that he had nowhere to go as his character had been ruined and people would turn their backs on him. Moreover, he had forgotten the habit of working and so if he ran away he would be forced to work for earning his living. That is why the criminal refused to run away from prison.

Question 3.
Why did the Council decide to offer the criminal a pension?
OR
Why was the criminal finally offered a pension? How did this offer benefit him?
Answer:
The Minister of Justice asked the prisoner why he did not run away as there was no guard to watch over him. He also told him that the king would not mind if he escaped. But the prisoner told him that he had nowhere to go as his character had been ruined and the people would turn their backs on him. Furthermore, as he had been given food in the prison itself and by doing so he had been prevented from doing any work to earn his living, he had become lazy. Therefore, he refused to go away. He was also feeling bad that he had been treated badly. The ministers met once more and discussed the matter seriously. It struck them that the only way to get rid of him was to offer him a pension.

Not only would the criminal get some money to feed himself as long as he was alive, but there would not also be any need to worry about him anymore. That is why the council decided to offer the criminal a pension. The criminal received one-third of his annuity in advance and emigrated to another country just across the frontier. There he bought a bit of land and started market-gardening. He visited the gaming tables and staked two or three francs, sometimes winning and sometimes losing. He lived comfortably and peaceably like the others.

Question 4.
Why did the authorities in Monaco fail to carry out the death sentence?
Answer:
The authorities in Monaco failed to carry out the death sentence because there was neither a guillotine for cutting heads off nor an executioner. Though they tried to borrow a machine and an expert from their neighbouring countries France and Italy, they realized that it would cost the kingdom a huge sum of money and the king would be forced to collect nearly two francs more per head on the taxes. Even if they were to get the machine, none of the soldiers in the army was ready to cut off the criminal’s head because they had not been taught how to behead a criminal. Therefore, the authorities gave up the idea of carrying out the death sentence.

Question 5.
How does the narrator describe the toy kingdom’?
OR
Describe the kingdom of Monaco with reference to ‘Too Dear!’.
Answer:
The tiny little kingdom called Monaco lies near the borders of France and Italy. There are only about seven thousand inhabitants in it The kingdom is so small that if all the land in the kingdom were divided among its inhabitants, there would not be even an acre of land for each inhabitant. But this toy kingdom has a real kinglet and like any other real king, the kinglet lives in a palace with courtiers, ministers, a bishop, generals, and a small army of only sixty men in all. The king lives by collecting taxes from the people, on tobacco, wine, and spirits and a poll tax. Besides, the king also received a large sum of money from a gaming housekeeper.

Question 6.
Why was the criminal offered a pension finally? How did this offer benefit him?
OR
The criminal led a comfortable life after his release. Explain.
OR
How did the criminal benefit from the pension he was offered?
Answer:
The king’s authorities could not get the criminal executed as per the king’s orders because there was neither a guillotine for cutting heads off nor an executioner in their kingdom. Then, they tried hiring a guillotine and an executioner from their neighbouring countries. When they realized that it would cost them a large sum of money which had to be recovered from the people through additional taxation, they decided to ask a soldier to cut off the criminal’s head. But, when they failed to find a soldier who would be ready to cut off the criminal’s head, they altered the death sentence to one of imprisonment for life.

However, when they found that the cost of maintaining a prisoner in prison with a guard on duty cost the king dearly, they dismissed the guard and asked the criminal to run away. But, when the criminal told them that he had nowhere to go and no work to do, they offered him a pension of 600 francs and sent him away. The criminal received one-third of his annuity in advance and emigrated to another country just across the frontier. There he bought a bit of land and started market-gardening. He visited the gaming tables and staked two or three francs, sometimes winning and sometimes losing. He lived comfortably and peaceably like the others.

Question 7.
Describe the efforts of the ministers in carrying out the death sentence in ‘Too Dear!’.
Answer:
Soon after receiving the judgment given by the court, the prince read out the sentence, confirmed it, and ordered the execution of the criminal. However, there was a problem in executing the king’s orders. Monaco did not have either a guillotine or an executioner. The ministers discussed the matter and sent a letter of inquiry to the French Government asking whether they could lend them a machine and an expert to execute the criminal and also inform the cost involved. The French Government informed them that it would lend them a machine and an expert as well and it would cost 16000 francs.

When the ministers informed the king about it, he thought over it and felt that it would be too burdensome for his people to bear. Then a similar inquiry was sent to the King of Italy. The Italian government offered to lend a machine and an expert at a cost of 12000 francs which included travelling expenses also. Though the price quoted by the Italian government was lesser than that of the French government, the king felt that the price was too much for a toy kingdom like theirs.

Therefore, the council met discussed the issue and asked the General of the Army whether a soldier in the Army would be ready to cut off the man’s head in a rough and homely fashion. When the General discussed this issue with his soldiers, no soldier agreed to do it because they had not been taught how to behead a criminal.

Question 8.
How did the criminal spend his life after he was given a pension in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
When the criminal told the ministers that he had nowhere to go and no work to do, they offered him a pension of 600 francs and sent him away. The criminal received one-third of his annuity in advance and emigrated to another country just across the frontier. There he bought a bit of land and started market-gardening. He visited the gaming tables and staked two or three francs, sometimes winning and sometimes losing. He lived comfortably and peaceably like the others.

Question 9.
Where was the criminal in ‘Too Dear!’ kept and what were the arrangements made for him?
Answer:
In ‘Too Dear!’, as soon as the prince had agreed to alter the death sentence to one of imprisonment for life, the ministers began making arrangements for imprisoning the criminal. But, they did not find a prison suitable for a criminal sentenced to life imprisonment. Finally, they managed to find a place strong enough to keep the criminal in it. They put the young criminal there and placed a guard over him. They asked the guard to watch over the criminal and also to fetch his food from the palace kitchen.

Question 10.
Why were a series of meetings held in Monaco in ‘Too Dear!’?
Answer:
In Monaco, a series of meetings were held to figure out the most prudent or the least expensive way of executing the criminal. As there was no guillotine or an executioner in Monaco, the council of ministers discussed the issue and decided to request the French government to lend them a machine and an expert to execute the criminal. The next meeting was held between the king and the council of ministers to inform the king that the French government had asked 16000 francs as a rental for the machine and the expert and to seek the king’s consent When the king asked them whether the job could not be done at a lesser price, the ministers held another meeting and decided to send a similar inquiry to the king of Italy.

When they learnt that the Italian government wanted 12000 francs for the job, they held another meeting to explore other ways of doing the job with less expense. Later, they consulted the Army General and requested him to find a soldier who would do the execution. When they came to know that none of the soldiers would do it, the authorities assembled a commission, a committee, and a sub-committee and finally came to the conclusion that the best way would be to alter the death sentence to one of imprisonment for life.

Question 11.
How does the kinglet in ‘Too Dear!’ feed his courtiers and officials and keep himself?
Answer:
Though it was a tiny little kingdom, Monaco had seven thousand inhabitants. Its kinglet lived like a real king in a palace with courtiers, ministers, a bishop, generals, and an army of sixty men. The king managed his kingdom by collecting taxes from the people on tobacco, wine, and spirits, and a poll tax. As the revenue so collected was inadequate, he permitted a gaming house to function in his kingdom. Its keeper paid a large sum to the kinglet. Since it was the only gaming house in the continent, it fetched the King of Monaco enough revenue to manage his kingdom. Thus he was able to feed himself and his people with this revenue.

III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words each:

Question 1.
Describe the various ways in which the Prince of Monaco tried to get the criminal executed.
OR
Describe the attempts made by the ministers in solving the problem of cutting off the criminal’s head.
Answer:
Soon after receiving the judgment given by the court, the prince read out the sentence, confirmed it, and ordered the execution of the criminal. However, there was a problem in executing the king’s orders. Monaco did not have either a guillotine or an executioner. The ministers discussed the matter and sent a letter of inquiry to the French Government asking whether they could lend them a machine and an expert to execute the criminal and also inform the cost involved in it. The French Government informed them that it would lend them a machine and an expert as well and it would cost 16000 francs.

When the ministers informed the king about it, he thought over it and felt that it would be too burdensome for his people to bear. Then a similar inquiry was sent to the King of Italy. The Italian government offered to lend a machine and an expert at a cost of 12000 francs which included travelling expenses also. Though the price quoted by the Italian government was lesser than that of the French government, the king felt that the price was too much for a toy kingdom like theirs.

Therefore, the council met discussed the issue and asked the General of the Army whether a soldier in the Army would be ready to cut off the man’s head in a rough and homely fashion. When the General discussed this issue with his soldiers, no soldier agreed to do it because they had not been taught how to behead a criminal.

Question 2.
Explain how and why the Council got rid of the prisoner.
OR
In spite of all their efforts, the king and his team failed in punishing the criminal. How is it narrated in the story Too Dear!’?
Answer:
Soon after the king had ordered imprisonment for life as the punishment, the ministers with great difficulty managed to find a place to keep the criminal imprisoned. They put him in it and placed a guard to watch over him. This way the criminal spent one year in prison. This arrangement cost the king 600 francs a year. When the king thought over it, it struck him that the criminal was young and may live for another fifty years.

The king became apprehensive about the cost of keeping the criminal imprisoned for life. Therefore, he summoned his ministers and asked them to find a cheaper way of punishing the criminal. The ministers met and discussed the issue and came to the conclusion that the only way to save money was to dismiss the guard. They believed that the criminal would run away and their problem would be solved. The king agreed to their suggestion and the guard was dismissed accordingly.

However, they waited curiously to see what the criminal would do. The criminal came out of his prison at dinner time, collected his food from the palace kitchen, and returned to the prison, shut the door on himself, and stayed inside. Later, the Minister of Justice asked him why he had not run away, as there was no guard to watch over him. They even assured him that the prince would not mind his running away. But the prisoner told them that he had nowhere to go as his character had been ruined and people would turn their backs on him.

Moreover, he had forgotten the habit of working and so if he ran away he would be forced to work to earn his living. The ministers met once more and discussed the matter seriously. It struck them that the only way to get rid of him was to offer him a pension. The king gave his consent and they finally got rid of him by offering a pension of 600 francs a year. The prisoner received one-third of his annuity in advance and left the king’s dominions. Thus, in spite of all their efforts, the king and his team failed in punishing the criminal.

Question 3.
The king of Monaco is a man without a decisive stand. Do you agree with this? Substantiate your answer with reference to ‘Too Dear!’.
Answer:
No, I do not agree with the statement, “The King of Monaco is a man without a decisive stand” because there is enough evidence to prove that he had to act according to the needs of the situation.

The King of Monaco kept changing his mind in dealing with the criminal because, every time he took a decision, he faced a problem to execute it. First, the king accepted the judge’s verdict and ordered the execution of the criminal, but he cancelled it and changed the sentence to ‘imprisonment for life’ because there was neither a guillotine machine nor an executioner in his country.

Moreover, if he had decided to borrow one from the King of Italy, he would have been forced to levy 2 francs per person as additional tax which he did not like. Secondly, after keeping the criminal in prison for one year, he realized that he had to spend 600 francs on the maintenance of the criminal until his death, which would have proved to be again a financial burden to his people.

Therefore, as advised by his council of ministers, he dismissed the guard hoping that the prisoner would run away. But the prisoner refused to run away because he had nowhere to go and he had got out of the habit of working. Once again the king faced a new problem. Then, as suggested by his council of ministers, the king ordered payment of 600 francs a year as pension and got rid of the criminal.

Question 4.
‘Too Dear!’ ridicules the foolishness of rulers. Discuss.
Answer:
The story ‘Too Dear!’ exposes the predicament of a ruler who is forced to revise his own judgment not out of mercy but out of financial compulsions. The narrator seems to ridicule the foolishness of rulers who make rules unmindful of the real situation in which they are placed.

The story is thus a parody of one of the modern systems of governance. It ridicules the ways of bringing criminals to book and dispensing justice in modern states. Though the story is narrated in a matter of fact tone, there is an undercurrent of sarcasm.
Monaco is a tiny kingdom with only seven thousand inhabitants. It has a real kinglet who lives in a palace with courtiers, ministers, a bishop, generals, and an army of only sixty men in all. The king lives by collecting taxes on tobacco, wine and spirits, and a poll tax. As the revenue collected from the people is too meagre to feed himself and his people, the king permits a gaming house where people play roulette. From the profits of the gaming house, the king gets a large sum of money.

This is the situation in which the king is placed. From this one can infer that, based on the size of the population and the army, the king can only be a toy king or a dummy who in reality cannot control the behaviour of the people except through mutual understanding and ethical principles.

The system of governance is only a make-believe system and it can boomerang or collapse at any point in time. As long as life goes on smoothly, there is no need for the king to prove to the people that he is their ruler and they must obey him. But, it so happens that a crime is committed, and the king being the moral authority has to exercise his authority. Herein lies the crux of the whole story.

The king behaves like a king of a big kingdom in terms of both money and muscle power and announces a death sentence, which cannot be implemented and, instead of punishing the criminal, gives him a pension. This ironic situation is created because of the foolishness of the king. The king ought to have arrived at his final decision about the criminal only after examining the ground reality.

Question 5.
‘It is a good thing that the criminal committed his crime in Monaco’. Why does the narrator in ‘Too Dear!’ feel so? Explain.
Answer:
The story ‘Too Dear!’ exposes the predicament of a ruler who is forced to revise his own judgment not out of mercy but out of financial compulsions. The narrator seems to ridicule the foolishness of rulers who make rules unmindful of the real situation in which they are placed.

Monaco is a tiny kingdom with only seven thousand inhabitants. It has a real kinglet who lives in a palace with courtiers, ministers, a bishop, generals and an army of only sixty men. The king lives by collecting taxes on tobacco, wine and spirits and a poll tax. As the revenue collected from the people is too meagre to feed himself and his people, the king permits a gaming house where people play roulette. From the profits of the gaming house, the king gets a large sum of money.

It so happens that a crime is committed, and the king being the moral authority has to exercise his authority. Herein lies the crux of the whole story. The king behaves like a king of a big kingdom in terms of both money and muscle power and issues a death sentence, which cannot be implemented and instead of punishing the criminal, ends up giving him a pension. This ironical situation is created because of the foolishness of the king. The king ought to have arrived at the final decision only after examining the ground reality.

That is why, the narrator says, “It is a good thing that the criminal committed his crime in Monaco” to ridicule the king because despite being the king he has no power to exercise his authority.

Too Dear! Vocabulary

Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings are called homonyms. E.g. watch, watch.

Question 1A.
Look at the following sets of sentences. The possible meanings of the homonyms used are given in brackets. Match them.
1. a. The valedictory address of the chief guest impressed everyone,
b. She made a mistake in the address while posting the letter (location, speech)
2. a. The poor man’s mind was full of worry.
b. Do you mind passing the jam? (have an objection to, thoughts)
3. a. The soldier gave a complete account of the prisoner’s escape
b. The officer checked the ledger account (financial record, description)
4. a. He went to the ATM to draw some money.
b. The teachers draw pictures on the blackboard.
c. Don’t draw hasty conclusions without ample proof.
d. The offer of free balloons draws children to the park. (attract, sketch, infer, take out.)
Answer:
1. (a) speech, (b) location;
2. (a) thoughts, (b) have an objection to;
3. (a) description, (b) financial record;
4. (a) take out, (b) sketch, (c) infer, (d) attract

Question 1B.
Find the sentences in which the above homonyms have been used in the story and identify the appropriate meanings.

  1. The Ministers considered the matter and decided to address an inquiry to the French Government.
  2. You can go where you like, and the Prince will not mind.
  3. But when a year had passed, the Kinglet, looking over the account of his income and expenditure one day, noticed a new item of expenditure.
  4. He always goes at the proper time to draw his pension.

Answer:

  1. address – to say something directly to somebody.
  2. mind – have an objection to.
  3. account – a financial record.
  4. draw – take out.

Additional Exercises

A. Passive Voice:

Question 1.
A few years ago a murder _____ (commit). The case _____ (try) in the most judicial manner. The criminal _____ (sentence) to death.
Answer:
was committed; was tried; was sentenced.

Question 2.
A letter _____ (send) to the French government A prompt reply _____ (receive). It said that a machine and an expert ____ (could supply) but the cost would be 16,000 francs.
Answer:
was sent; was received; could be supplied.

Question 3.
The general _____ (call). He _____ (ask) to find a soldier who would cut the man’s head off. The general talked it over with the soldiers. But the soldiers said, “It is not a thing we ______ (have, teach).
Answer:
was called; was asked; have been taught

Question 4.
The guard ______ (dismiss). It _____ (decide) to offer the criminal a pension. The pension fixed was 600 francs. This _____ (announce) to the prisoner.
Answer:
was dismissed; was decided; was announced.

Question 5.
The crime was reported to the Prince of Monaco. The Prince _____ (amaze), for a murder _____ (commit) in his toy kingdom. The ministers _____ (summon) to discuss the matter.
Answer:
was amazed; had been committed; were summoned.

Question 6.
In the toy kingdom, a council _____ (call) to consider what _____ (could do). It _____ (decide) to send a letter to the king of Italy.
Answer:
was called; could be done; was decided.

Question 7.
The king of Italy was a brother monarch, and ______ (might, induce) to do the thing cheaper. So the letter _____ (write), and a prompt reply _____ (receive).
Answer:
might be induced; was written; was received.

Question 8.
The Council met again. The General _____ (summon) and he _____ (instruct) to ask his soldiers if they _____ (prepare) to cut the criminal’s head off.
Answer:
was summoned; was instructed; were prepared.

Question 9.
The Prince agreed to this, and the matter ______ (arrange). There was a small lock-up where people ____ (keep) temporarily. The young fellow _____ (put) there.
Answer:
was arranged; were kept; was put

B. Report the following conversation:

Question 1.
Minister: Why do you not run away? There is no guard to keep you. The Prince will not mind.
Criminal: I know it. But I have nowhere to go.
Answer:
The minister asked the criminal as to why he didn’t run away. He added that there was no guard to keep him. He further added that the prince would not mind. The criminal replied that he knew it, but he had nowhere to go.

Question 2.
Minister: The cost of execution will be 16,000 francs.
Prince: The wretch is not worth the money. Can’t it be done, somehow cheaper? 16,000 francs is more than two francs ahead on the whole population. The people will not stand it.
Answer:
The minister informed the prince that the cost of execution would be 16,000 francs. The prince remarked that the wretch was not worth the money. He asked the minister whether it couldn’t be somehow done cheaper. He added that 16,000 francs were more than two francs ahead on the whole population. He further said that people would not stand it.

Question 3.
Prince: You must find some cheaper way of dealing with this rascal. The present plan is too expensive.
First Minister: In my opinion, we must dismiss the guard.
Second Minister: Then the fellow will run away.
First Minister: Let him run away.
Answer:
The prince remarked to the ministers that they must find some cheaper way of dealing with that rascal. He added that the plan they had then was too expensive. The first minister stated that in his opinion they must dismiss the guard. The second minister continued saying that in such a situation the fellow would run away. The first minister replied that they could let him run away.

C. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate expressions given in brackets:

Question 1.
The kinglet would _______ the account of his income and expenditure at the end of every year. When he noticed new items of expenditure, he would the cost of each item. (reckon up, gave up, look over)
Answer:
reckon up; look over.

Question 2.
The council suggested that the only way _______ the criminal was to dismiss the guard. The guard was dismissed but the criminal did not run away. So one of the ministers decided to tell him ______ to do so. (straight out, to look over, to get rid of)
Answer:
to get rid of; straight out

Question 3.
The criminal was asked to run away. But the criminal said that people would ______ on him if he did so. He also said that he had ______ of working. (got out of the way, turn their backs, be hanged)
Answer:
turn their backs; got out of the way.

Question 4.
There were about 7000 inhabitants in Monaco. The taxes fetched meagre income. Therefore the kinglet was _____ to feed his courtiers and himself. But he found a new source of income by which he could ______ money and lead a luxurious life. (rake in, hard put to it, straight out)
Answer:
hard put to it; rake in.

D. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate linkers:

Question 1.
The special revenue came from a gaming house, _____ people played roulette. Some of the little German Sovereigns used to keep gaming houses of the same kind _____ some years ago they were forbidden to do so. The reason they were stopped was ____ these gaming houses did so much harm. A man would come and try his luck. _____ he would risk all he had and lose it. (because, then, where, but)
Answer:
where; but; because; Then.

Question 2.
The criminal refused to go away _____ they had ruined his character _____ people would turn their backs on him. ____ he had got out of the way of working. He said they might do as they liked, ____ he would not go away. (but, for, besides, and)
Answer:
for; and; Besides; but.

Question 3.
The criminal received one-third of his pension in advance ______ left the kingdom. _____ crossing the frontier, he settled down on a bit of land. ______ he started market gardening ______ fetched him good profit and he lived peacefully and well. (and, later, after, which)
Answer:
and; After; Later; which.

Question 4.
The criminal remained in prison for a year. _____ when a year had passed, the kinglet was shocked to see the amount spent for his keep. _____ he summoned his council to consider the matter. The council considered ____ reconsidered. _____ they decided to dismiss the guard who watched over the criminal. (finally; but, therefore, and)
Answer:
But; Therefore; and; Finally.

Question 5.
The death sentence was altered to life imprisonment. This would enable the Prince to show his mercy ______ it would come cheaper. _____ there was no strong prison fit for permanent use. _____ they managed to find a place ____ would serve the purpose. (but, and, which, however)
Answer:
and; But; However; which.

Too Dear! by Leo Tolstoy About the Writer:

Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910), also known as Leo Tolstoy, is a Russian writer who primarily wrote novels and short stories. Tolstoy is a master of realistic fiction and is widely considered one of the world’s greatest novelists. He is best known for two long novels, ‘War and Peace’ (1869) and ‘Anna Karenina’ (1877).

Tolstoy first achieved literary acclaim in his 20s for his ‘Sevastopol Sketches’ (1855), based on his experiences in the Crimean War, and followed by the publication of a semi-autobiographical trilogy of novels, ‘Childhood’, ‘Boyhood’, and ‘Youth’ (1855-1858). His works include two additional novels, dozens of short stories, and several famous novellas, including ‘The Death of Ivan Ilych’, ‘Family Happiness’, and ‘Hadji Murad’.

The story ‘Too Dear!’ is based on an absurd situation in which a small state finds it much too expensive to either hang a criminal or to keep in prison for long. Finally, the criminal has to be rewarded with a pension to save the kingdom some money!

Too Dear! Summary in English

‘Too Dear!’ is a fascinating short story by Count Leo Tolstoy, a famous Russian writer. It is adapted from an episode in Guy de Maupassant’s work ‘Sur L’eau’ in French (translated into English ‘Afloat’) and translated from Russian by Louise Maud and Aylmer Maud.

The story is a parody of one of the modem systems of governance. It ridicules ways of bringing criminals to book and dispensing justice in modern states. The story is narrated in a matter of fact tone but with an undercurrent of sarcasm.

The story begins with the description of a place, its people, and its system of governance. There is a tiny little kingdom called Monaco near the borders of France and Italy. There are only about seven thousand inhabitants in Monaco. The kingdom is so small that if all the land in the kingdom were divided among its inhabitants, there would not be even an acre of land for each inhabitant. But this toy kingdom has a real kinglet and like any other real king, he lives in a palace with courtiers, ministers, a bishop, generals, and an army of only sixty men in all.

The king lives by collecting taxes from the people. There are taxes on tobacco, wine, and spirits and a poll tax too. However, the number of people living in his kingdom being very small, the taxes the people pay for their ‘drinking’ and ‘smoking’ are not adequate enough to feed the king’s courtiers, and officials and to keep himself. Therefore the king had hit upon a new source of revenue. It came from a gaming house, where people play roulette. The keeper of the gaming house got a percentage on the turnover irrespective of whether people lost or won. Out of his profits, the gaming housekeeper paid a large sum to the kinglet.

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 2 Too Dear! image - 2

Incidentally, it is the only gaming house that is left untouched by the rulers in Europe and hence the gambling housekeeper pays so much money to the prince. There were many such gaming houses run by German sovereigns but some years ago they were forbidden to do so. The rulers stopped such gaming houses because they did a great deal of harm to the people. Many a time, it so happened that a man would come and try his luck, then he would risk all he had and lose it. He would finally drown or shoot himself. However, there was no one to stop the Prince of Monaco, and he remained with a monopoly of the business. So now, whoever wants to gamble goes to Monaco and the prince gains a lot of money this way. The Prince of Monaco knows that earning revenue this way is a dirty business but he feels helpless because he has to live.

Though the kinglet knows that collecting taxes on people’s ‘drinks’ and ‘tobacco’ is bad yet he is collecting taxes. In the same way, the Prince is living on the revenue he gets from the gaming house. He lives, reigns, rakes in the money, and holds his court with all the ceremony of a real king. He has his coronation and his levees. He rewards, sentences, and pardons. He also has his reviews, councils, laws, and courts of justice just like other kings, but only on a smaller scale.

In the next part of the story, we see the moral conflict faced by the Prince and his people. A murder was committed in the Prince of Monaco’s domains. The people of Monaco were peaceable and such a thing had not happened before. Like in other countries there was a legal system in place in Monaco also. The criminal was tried according to the procedures of law. The lawyers argued and the judges finally decreed that the criminal be executed as directed by the law. The prince read out the sentence, confirmed it, and ordered the execution of the criminal.

The story now takes a serious and interesting turn. There arose a problem in the execution of the king’s order. Monaco was a toy kingdom and it did not have either a guillotine for cutting heads off or an executioner, the man designated to carry out the execution. The ministers sent a letter of inquiry to the French Government, asking whether they could lend them a machine and an expert to cut off the criminal’s head and also inform the cost involved in it. They received a reply a week later informing them that the French Government would lend them a machine and an expert as well, and it would cost 16000 francs. The king felt that sixteen thousand francs was a lot of money and it was utterly a waste of money to spend so much on beheading a wretched criminal.

The king felt that the people would not accept his decision and if he forced them there might be a riot Therefore, the king called a council and asked them their suggestion. It was decided to send a similar inquiry to the King of Italy. They wrote to the king of Italy and they received a prompt reply. The Italian government informed them that they would supply both a machine and an expert at a cost of 12000 francs including travelling expenses. Though the price quoted by the king of Italy was cheaper than that of the French government, still the price was too much for a toy kingdom like theirs. Therefore, the ministers called another council and discussed the matter.

The council asked the General of the army to find a soldier who would be ready to cut off a man’s head. The members of the council believed that the soldiers have been trained for such a job. The general discussed the matter with his soldiers to see whether one of them would agree to do that job. But the soldiers did not agree to do it because they had not been taught how to behead a criminal.

The king and the ministers met again and discussed the matter thoroughly. Finally, they came to the conclusion that the best thing to do was to alter the death sentence to one of imprisonment for life. This way it would enable the prince to show his mercy and it would also be cheaper. The prince agreed to this and so the matter was arranged accordingly. Though there was no suitable prison for a man sentenced for life, they managed to find a place that would serve as a prison and put the criminal in it. They also placed a guard over him. The guard had to watch the criminal and had also to fetch his food from the palace kitchen. This way, they kept the prisoner imprisoned for more than a year. The whole arrangement of keeping a guard to watch over the criminal and feeding the criminal cost more than 600 francs a year.

One day, while the kinglet was examining the account of his income and expenditure, the new item of expenditure caught his eye. He got worried and so he summoned his ministers and urged them to find some cheaper way of dealing with the criminal. The ministers again met and discussed ways of reducing the expenditure. Finally, they all came to the conclusion that the guard could be dispensed with so that the expenditure on his salary could be saved. They went to the extent of saying “let the prisoner run away and be hanged”. The ministers conveyed their decision to the kinglet and the kinglet gave his consent to it.

Accordingly, the guard was dismissed; but they all waited to see how the prisoner would react. At dinner time the criminal came out, and not finding his guard, he went to the Prince’s kitchen to fetch his own dinner. After collecting his dinner, he returned to the prison, shut the door on himself, and stayed inside. He did not show any signs of running away and this got the ministers worried. The criminal was brought before the Minister of Justice. He suggested to the prisoner to run away. He even told him that if he ran away, the prince would not mind it The prisoner told the minister that he had nowhere to go and accused them of ruining his character by sentencing him to death.

Secondly, he told them that having been confined to the prison, he had given up his habit of working. He actually resented their action in not executing him. He finally told them that he would not like to agree to their proposal that he should run away and escape. The minister felt helpless.

Once more the council was summoned and the criminal’s issue was discussed again. They came to the conclusion that the only way they could get rid of him was by offering him a pension. The ministers decided to pay the prisoner a fixed sum of600 francs as a pension. On receiving the news, the prisoner told them that he would go away on that condition but they must undertake to pay it regularly.

Finally, the prisoner received one-third of his annuity in advance and left the king’s dominions. He emigrated to another country just across the frontier. He bought a bit of land, started market gardening, and lived there comfortably.

The narrator comments jovially that it is a good thing that the prisoner did not commit his crime in a country where they do not grudge expense to cut a man’s head off, or to keep him in prison for life. The author seems to question the very conviction of the rulers about the system of law and governance instituted by the rulers of big nations. The author seems to appreciate the courage and open-mindedness of Monaco in acknowledging their limitations and letting free the prisoner on humanitarian grounds. It is worth noting that the writer puns on the words ‘Too Dear!’. It means either ‘too expensive’ or ‘of great value’. The author leaves it to the reader to decide whether ‘Too Dear!’ refers to executing a criminal or saving a criminal’s life.

Too Dear! Summary in Kannada

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 2 Too Dear! image - 3
2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 2 Too Dear! image - 4
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Glossary:

  • Roulette: a gambling game
  • rakes: (colloquial) especially of money: to earn
  • levees: an official reception of guests or visitors in the morning
  • poll tax: a kind of tax levied on an individual
  • Franc: unit of currency of France
  • kinglet: the king of a very small country
  • domain: land ruled by a king
  • peaceable: not causing violence
  • spirits: strong alcoholic drinks
  • gaming house: a place for gambling
  • turnover (n): here, the total amount of money that passed hands between different gamblers
  • hitch: a problem that causes a short delay
  • jurymen: persons who give decisions in a court or help the judge make decisions
  • barrister: lawyer (in higher law-courts)
  • guillotine: a machine for beheading (criminals)
  • dominions: territories (under the king)
  • homely: simple and plain
  • emigrate: go to another country to live there.
  • stake: money used as a bet; money risked on gambling
  • annuity: a fixed amount of money paid to somebody every year
  • Frontier: the border between two countries
  • grudge: do something unwillingly

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 2nd PUC to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Karnataka 2nd PUC English Answers Chapter 2 Too Dear! in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 1 Romeo and Juliet

Students who are in search of Romeo and Juliet Questions and Answers Pdf, Notes, Summary. First check in which chapter you are lagging and then Download Karnataka Board 2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Chapter Wise. Students can build self confidence by solving the Answers with the help of Karnataka State Board 2nd PUC. English is the scoring subject if you improve your grammar skills. Because most of the students will lose marks by writing grammar mistakes. So, we suggest you to Download Karnataka State Board 2nd PUC English Answers according to the chapters.

Karnataka 2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 1 Romeo and Juliet

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Romeo and Juliet Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

Romeo and Juliet Comprehension I

Romeo And Juliet 2nd Puc Notes 2nd PUC Question 1.
The phrase, “teach the torches to bum bright” suggests:
a. Juliet’s glow is brighter than the light of the torch.
b. her beauty is capable of enabling the torches to bum bright
c. her beauty surpasses the brightness of a light
Answer:
(c) her beauty surpasses the brightness of a light.

Romeo And Juliet Summary 2nd Puc Question 2.
‘for earth too dear’ suggests that the lady’s beauty is
a. divine.
b. rare.
c. expensive.
Answer:
(a) divine.

2nd Puc English Notes KSEEB Solutions Question 3.
‘the measure has done’, connotes the completion of
a. Romeo’s admiration of Juliet’s beauty.
b. the dance organised by Lord Capulet
c. the glorification of Juliet’s charm.
Answer:
(b) the dance organised by Lord Capulet

Romeo And Juliet Questions And Answers 2nd PUC Question 4.
The line, ‘Did my heart love till now?’ conveys
a. Romeo feels he has fallen in love.
b. Romeo has been attracted before.
c. Romeo feels this is true love.
Answer:
(c) Romeo feels this is true love.

Romeo And Juliet Notes 2nd PUC KSEEB Solutions Question 5.
The phrase ‘new snow’, suggests
a. love as pure as snow.
b. description of Romeo’s charm.
c. Juliet’s discreet love for Romeo.
Answer:
(b) description of Romeo’s charm.

Romeo And Juliet 2nd Puc KSEEB Solutions Question 6.
What do you think the phrase ‘face of heaven’ signifies?
Answer:
The phrase ‘face of heaven’ signifies the moonlit night sky.

Romeo and Juliet Comprehension II

Romeo And Juliet Questions And Answers Pdf 2nd PUC Question 1.
What similes does Romeo use to convey Juliet’s beauty?
OR
Romeo’s appreciation of Juliet’s beauty is expressed through images. Explain.
Answer:
Romeo uses two similes to describe Juliet’s extraordinary beauty. The first simile is deployed in the lines

It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night
As a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear.

In these lines, the phrases ‘cheek of the night’ and ‘Ethiope’s ear’ apparently refer to the darkness of the night personified as an African/Ethiopian lady. As we know, an African lady is black in complexion. Juliet stands out conspicuously amidst others in the dark night, lit up by torches in the room. There is a stark contrast between the bright and shining complexion of Juliet and the dark night.

The second simile is deployed in the lines:

So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows
As yonder lady o’er her fellow’s shows.

In these lines, the comparison is between the ‘snowy dove’ and the ‘crows’. Obviously Juliet is the snowy dove and the other ladies in the room are crows. ‘Dove’ is a symbol of ‘love’ and beauty; crows have always been considered black and ugly. Naturally, for Romeo, Juliet is the personification of love and beauty. It also implies that the other ladies including Rosaline, with whom he had fallen in love, appear ugly and gross to him. That is why he uses the phrase ‘her fellows, to describe them. These two similes highlight how enchanted Romeo is with her beauty.

Romeo And Juliet Notes 2nd Puc KSEEB Solutions Question 2.
How, according to Juliet, would Romeo be immortalised to the world?
OR
How does Juliet intend to make Romeo immortal?
OR
How does Juliet express her feelings about Romeo?
Answer:
In her invocation speech to ‘Night1 Juliet invokes night and along with ‘night’ her Romeo also. To her, Romeo is the ‘day’ in the night. It also implies that Romeo is her life and so when the night falls, she imagines that he will come gliding upon the wings of night. In these lines ‘night’ is personified as a raven and Romeo is likened to ‘new snow’ on a raven’s back Juliet favours the arrival of the night because it is in the night that Romeo has promised to come. That is why Juliet praises night calling it ‘gentle night’ and ‘loving black-browed night’.

Love belongs to Juliet now that she is married, but she does not own it, and she can’t own love until Romeo possesses her. Once she gets her Romeo she does not fear death. Like all mortals, if she dies, Juliet begs fate to set him in heaven with the stars. His presence will make the face of heaven so beautiful that the world will fall in love with ‘night’, and the sun will no longer be worshipped. It also implies that their love will end in their tragic death because of the enmity that exists between the two families. Consequently, the world will come to know about the tragic death of the two lovers and thus Romeo will be immortalized.

Romeo and Juliet Comprehension III

2nd Puc English Romeo And Juliet Notes KSEEB Solutions Question 1.
Comment on the contrasting imagery in the poem. What purpose does it serve in highlighting the intensity of love?
OR
How did Romeo and Juliet express their romantic love feelings to each other?
OR
Both Romeo and Juliet employ contrasting images in their expression of appreciation and admiration for each other. Elaborate.
Answer:
The two stanzas in the poem, one by Romeo and the other by Juliet, highlight the intensity of love of the young lovers. This intensity of love is brought out by using the contrasting imagery of night and day, black and white, bright jewel and a dark surface, snowy dove, etc. Factually speaking, the words ‘bright’ and ‘night’ appear in Romeo’s praise of Juliet’s brightness when he sees her for the first time in the feast hosted by Lord Capulet. Romeo uses the phrase ‘snowy dove’ to refer to and to distinguish Juliet from other ladies in the room. Romeo uses the word ‘crows’ to refer to the other ladies in the room.

Furthermore, Romeo compares Juliet’s brightness with ‘a rich jewel’ hanging upon the cheek of an Ethiope’s ear. Romeo uses these words to highlight her beauty. It also symbolizes the emotional intensity that he shows towards Juliet.

Similarly, Juliet uses the phrase ‘day in the night and ‘whiter than new snow on a raven’s back’ to refer to Romeo. Secondly, she uses the words ‘stars in the night sky’ to refer to Romeo. Literally speaking, both the meetings between Romeo and Juliet take place at night. Secondly, their meeting has to be a closely guarded secret because of the ‘hostility’ and the ‘enmity’ that exists between the two rival families the Montagues and the Capulets.

When Romeo goes to the Capulet*s party, he goes wearing a mask at night. Similarly, he promises to meet Juliet in her chamber on the wedding night, so as not to be seen by anyone. That is why the word ‘night’ symbolically stands for ‘secrecy’ and ‘caution’ that needs to be exercised in their love affair. Thus the playwright has used the word ‘black’ and ‘night’ to strengthen the emotional situation. Thematically speaking, the words ‘day and night’, ‘black and white’, ‘night’ and ‘raven’ are used to evoke the image of ‘death’ whereas ‘white dove’ is a symbol of purity, peace and ‘love’. A raven or a ‘black crow’ is considered a bird of ill-omen.

Furthermore, ‘When I shall die’ and ‘cut him out in little stars’, and ‘heaven’ are expressions that clearly refer to death and immortality. Thus, the playwright is hinting that the secret love affair between the two rivals will culminate in the tragic death of Romeo and Juliet. It can also be inferred that probably Juliet has a premonition of their impending death because of the fatal attraction between them and the enmity that exists between the two families. Thus, the contrasting imagery serves to highlight the intensity of their love.

Romeo And Juliet Class 12 Notes KSEEB Solutions Question 2.
Between Romeo and Juliet, whose love, do you think, is more passionate and intense?
Answer:
It is clear from their expressions that, of the two lovers, Juliet’s love is more passionate and intense. It is well-known that when Romeo goes to the Capulet’s party, it is with the intention of seeing Rosaline and not Juliet. When he sees Juliet for the first time his exclamations are of one who is overwhelmed by the sight of someone who is mesmerizingly (bewitchingly) beautiful and are not the yearnings of someone deeply in love.

On the other hand, when Juliet gets to know Romeo after he had touched her hand and kissed her, Juliet comes to understand what it means to be in love and from then onwards starts feeling the pangs of love. Finally, she expresses her love firmly, asking Romeo to marry her. Her love for Romeo goes on increasing in intensity and finally in her ‘invocation tonight* we find someone yearning to be possessed in love by her husband. She has a premonition of their tragic death which finds expression in her request to ‘night to set up Romeo amidst the stars in heaven after death so that their ‘love’ gets immortalized.

It is also true that, of the two, though Juliet is younger than Romeo, she is more mature and passionate in deciding to get married to Romeo. She accepts Romeo as her partner despite being fully aware of the enmity that exists between the two families.

On the contrary, Romeo, though older than Juliet, is infatuated with Rosaline and is disappointed that she does not reciprocate his love. Only when he meets Juliet who reciprocates his love does he understand what it is to be really in love. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is Juliet who is more passionate and intense in love than Romeo.

Romeo and Juliet Additional Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in a word, a phrase, or a sentence each:

Romeo And Juliet Poem 2nd Puc KSEEB Solutions  Question 1.
Who, according to Romeo, teaches the torches to bum bright?
Answer:
Juliet.

2nd Puc Romeo And Juliet Questions And Answers Question 2.
To what does Romeo compare the women in the room other than Juliet?
Answer:
To crows.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 12 English Question 3.
What does Romeo intend to do after the measure is done?
OR
What does Romeo want to do as soon as the dance is over?
Answer:
Romeo intends to dance with her or at least touch her hand in greeting and make his blessed.

Romeo And Juliet Summary Class 12 KSEEB Solutions Question 4.
What, according to Romeo, will happen when he touches Juliet’s hand?
Answer:
Romeo imagines that his coarse hand will be blessed when he touches Juliet’s hand.

Romeo And Juliet Class 12 KSEEB Solutions Question 5.
What, according to Romeo, was not seen by him until he saw Juliet?
Answer:
Borneo had not seen what true beauty was until he saw Juliet.

Romeo Juliet Poem 2nd Puc KSEEB Solutions Question 6.
What does Juliet ask the loving, black-browed night to do?
Answer:
Juliet asks the loving, black-browed night to bring her Romeo to her.

2nd Puc English Textbook Answers KSEEB Solutions Question 7.
When does Juliet want Romeo to be set up in heaven with the stars?
Answer:
Juliet wants Romeo to be set up in heaven with the stars after her death.

2nd Puc English Notes Romeo And Juliet KSEEB Solutions Question 8.
Why does Juliet call Romeo ‘day in the night’?
Answer:
Juliet calls Romeo ‘day in the night’ because his presence will shine out against the darkness.

Question 9.
Who will come gliding on the wings of the night?
Answer:
Romeo.

Question 10.
What does Juliet want Romeo to be after her death?
Answer:
Juliet wants Romeo to be set up in heaven amidst the stars.

Question 11.
How does Juliet want Romeo to be immortalised?
OR
How, according to Juliet, would Romeo be immortalised to the world?
Answer:
Juliet wants Romeo to be immortalised as stars in heaven.

Question 12.
Why will the world be in love with night?
Answer:
Romeo will make the face of heaven so fine that the world will fall in love with night.

Question 13.
Why will people stop paying attention to the sun?
Answer:
After being cut into little stars, Romeo will make the face of heaven so fine that the world will stop paying attention to the sun.

Question 14.
“For/never saw true beauty till this night” What does true beauty’ refer to?
OR
Whom does the phrase ‘true beauty’ refer to in ‘Romeo and Juliet’?
Answer:
Juliet’s beauty.

Question 15.
How does Juliet hang on the cheek of the night?
Answer:
Like a rich jewel in an Ethiope’s ear.

Question 16.
When, according to Romeo, would his hand be blessed?
Answer:
When Romeo touches Juliet’s hand in the dancing hall.

Question 17.
Whose rude hand would be made blessed by touching Juliet’s hand?
Answer:
Romeo’s rude hand would be made blessed when it touches Juliet’s hand.

Question 18.
Who is ‘whiter than new snow on a raven’s back’?
OR
Who, according to Juliet, is whiter than new snow?
Answer:
Romeo.

Question 19.
Who is compared to a ‘rich Jewel in an Ethiope’s ear’?
Answer:
Juliet.

Question 20.
Who is compared to a ‘snowy dove’?
OR
Whom does the phrase ‘snowy dove’ refer to?
OR
Who looks like a snowy dove to Romeo?
Answer:
Juliet.

Question 21.
Whom does Romeo address as ‘yonder lady’?
Answer:
Juliet.

Question 22.
Who, according to Juliet, would all the world be in love with at night?
Answer:
Romeo.

Question 23.
Who, according to Juliet, would make the face of heaven so fine?
Answer:
Romeo.

Question 24.
When would people not worship the garish sun, according to Juliet?
Answer:
After Juliet’s death, when Romeo goes to heaven as a star, he will make heaven so fine that people will stop worshipping the garish sun.

Question 25.
What does Juliet teach to bum bright?
Answer:
Juliet teaches the torches to bum bright

Question 26.
Who will come gliding on the wings of the night?
Answer:
Romeo.

Question 27.
When, according to Juliet, would all the world be in love with night?
Answer:
Juliet believes that Romeo, after being set up among the stars in heaven, will make the face of heaven beautiful and charming. Then, the whole world would fall in love with night.

Question 28.
Who, according to Romeo, seems to hang upon the cheek of the night?
Answer:
According to Romeo, Juliet seems to hang upon the cheek of night, like a jewelled earring hanging against the cheek of an Ethiopian lady.

Question 29.
Whose beauty, according to Romeo, is too rich for use?
Answer:
According to Romeo, it is Juliet’s beauty that is too rich for use.

Question 30.
After the dance is over, Romeo intends to
(a) meet and talk to Juliet
(b) touch Juliet’s hand.
(c) watch Juliet’s place of the stand.
Answer:
(b) touch Juliet’s hand.

Question 31.
Who is compared to crows by Romeo?
Answer:
Romeo compares Juliet to a white dove and the other ladies in the hall to a flock of crows.

Question 32.
When does Juliet expect Romeo to come?
Answer:
Juliet expects Romeo to come in the night

Question 33.
Who, according to Juliet, will lie upon the wings of the night?
Answer:
According to Juliet, Romeo will lie upon the wings of night and come gliding to her.

Question 34.
Where, according to Juliet, will Romeo lie upon?
Answer:
According to Juliet, Romeo will lie upon the back of a raven.

Question 35.
Who, according to Juliet, is whiter than new snow?
Answer:
According to Juliet, Romeo is whiter than new snow on the back of a raven.
OR
Romeo looks whiter than snow on the back of a raven.

Question 46.
Who, according to Juliet, is ‘day in the night’?
Answer:
According to Juliet, it is Romeo who is like ‘day in the night’.

Question 47.
When does Juliet want Romeo to be cut out in little stars?
Answer:
Juliet wants Romeo to be cut out in little stars after her death.

Question 48.
What does Juliet want Romeo to be cut out into after her death?
Answer:
After her death, Juliet wants Romeo to be cut out into little stars.

Question 49.
What, according to Juliet, will Romeo make so fine?
Answer:
Once Romeo is set up in heaven as a star, he will make the face of heaven so fine or beautiful and charming.

Question 50.
When Romeo shines like a star in the face of heaven, the world will ______ according to Juliet.
(a) worship the garish sun
(b) fall in love with night
(c) keep staring at heaven
Answer:
(b) fall in love with night.

Question 51.
When, according to Juliet, would all the world be in love with night?
Answer:
According to Juliet, when Romeo is set up as a star in the sky, he will make the face of heaven so fine that the world would be in love with night.

Question 52.
When would the world pay no worship to ‘the garish sun”, according to Juliet?
Answer:
According to Juliet, the world will pay no worship to the garish sun, only when the face of heaven looks fine.

Question 53.
Whom does Juliet associate with the ‘coming of the night’?
Answer:
Juliet associates Romeo with the ‘coming of the night’.

Question 54.
Whose beauty, according to Romeo, is too rich for use?
Answer:
According to Romeo, Juliet’s beauty is too rich for use.

II. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of 80-100 words each:

Question 1.
How does Romeo glorify Juliet’s flawless beauty?
OR
How does Romeo describe Juliet?
OR
How does Romeo describe Juliet’s beauty?
OR
How is Romeo mesmerised by the beauty of Juliet?
OR
Juliet’s beauty was too rich for use. How does Romeo describe it?
Answer:
The moment Romeo catches sight of Juliet, he is enchanted with her flawless beauty. Immediately he exclaims in wonder and says that she teaches the torches (that have lit up the room) to bum bright. Then noticing her conspicuous brightness in the night, he says that she appears like a precious jewel hanging in the ears of an Ethiopian. Finally, seeing that she outshone every other lady in the room, he says that she was like a snowy white dove trooping with crows. He tells himself that he had never felt so much in love because he had never seen anyone truly beautiful like Juliet until that night.

Question 2.
How does Juliet want people to forget the shining sun? Why?
Answer:
Juliet was eager to be with Romeo. So she invokes both the night and Romeo to come along with it so that he comes to her unseen by others. She believes that Romeo is ‘day in the night to her and hence his presence alone will make her night bright to her. Then, once she is possessed by Romeo, her ‘love’ will have been realized. Later, after her death, she wants the ‘night to set up Romeo amongst the stars so that he will make the face of heaven beautiful and make the people forget the shining sun. This way she wants their love to be immortalized.

Question 3.
Does Romeo claim to have never seen true beauty till he saw Juliet How does he justify this statement?
OR
Why does Romeo say he never saw true beauty till that night? Explain.
OR
How did Romeo express his love for Juliet?
OR
‘Forswear it, sight
For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night’. Why does Romeo feel so? Explain.
Answer:
Romeo and Juliet happen to see each other for the first time in the hall where the dancers have gathered. The moment Romeo sets his eyes on Juliet, he is so charmed by her beauty that he stands apart and rapturously praises her beauty. It is night and the room is lit with torches. Romeo is overwhelmed by the beauty of Juliet and so he exclaims and says that Juliet is brighter than the blaze of the torches. Next, he compares Juliet to a jewelled earring hanging against the cheek of an African. He then praises her beauty likening Juliet to a white dove in the midst of a flock of crows.

He tells himself that he had never felt so much in love because he had never seen anyone truly beautiful like Juliet until that night. Romeo is so overwhelmed by her beauty that he tells himself that when that dance is over, he will watch her where she stands and will touch her hand and make his coarse hand blessed.

Question 4.
Why, according to Juliet, would all the world stop paying worship to the garish sun? Explain.
Answer:
Juliet, who has married Romeo in secret, is waiting impatiently for the arrival of night and along with it her love, Romeo, when their marriage will get consummated. Now, Juliet is intensely in love with Romeo and feels passionate for him to possess her so that she can own ‘love’. But the ‘day’ appears to be moving very slowly and she apparently blames the sun for delaying her union with Romeo. Secondly, her natural longing to be with Romeo makes her blame the sun for being ‘lurid’ and obtrusively bright

Once the night arrives, and along with it Romeo, their love gets consummated. After her death she expects Romeo to go to the heavens like a star. She believes that her Romeo will make the face of heaven so fine that the whole world will fall in love with night.

Question 5.
How is the intensity of love between Romeo and Juliet brought out in the poem?
OR
Feelings of Romeo and Juliet for each other are expressed with intensity. Discuss.
Answer:
The intensity of love between Romeo and Juliet is brought out in Juliet’s soliloquy in which she addresses Romeo as ‘day in the night’. She imagines night like a bird and believes that Romeo will come gliding on the wings of a night like ‘new snow’ on a raven’s back. Then, addressing the ‘night’ as ‘gentle night’ and ‘black-browed night, she implores it to bring her Romeo to her.

Next, she asks the night to set Romeo up in heaven as a star so that he will make the face of heaven beautiful and charming. She hopes that when that happens, ‘all the world will be in love with night and will not pay attention to the overbright or lurid sun’. In short, love belongs to Juliet now that she is married, but she does not own it, and she can’t own love until Romeo possesses her. That is why there are so much longing and impatience in her request tonight.

Question 6.
How does Juliet express her love for Romeo?
OR
How does Juliet express her feelings about Romeo?
Answer:
The intensity of love between Romeo and Juliet is brought out in Juliet’s soliloquy in which she addresses Romeo as ‘day in night1. She imagines night like a bird and believes that Romeo will come gliding on the wings of the night like ‘new snow’ on a raven’s back. Then, addressing the ‘night1 as ‘gentle night7 and ‘black-browed night’, she implores it to bring her Romeo to her. Next, she asks the night to set Romeo up in heaven as a star so that he will make the face of heaven beautiful and charming. She hopes that when that happens, ‘all the world will be in life with the night, and will not pay attention to the overbright or lurid sun’.

Question 7.
Why does Juliet want Romeo to be cut out in little stars?
Answer:
Once Juliet gets her Romeo, she does not fear death. Like all mortals, if she dies, Juliet begs fate to set him in heaven with the stars. His presence will make the face of heaven so beautiful that the world will fall in love with ‘night7, and the sun will no longer be worshipped. It also implies that their love will end in their tragic death because of the enmity that exists between the two families. Consequently, the world will come to know about the tragic death of the two lovers and thus Romeo will be immortalized.

Question 8.
How does Juliet glorify her love for Romeo through her address tonight?
Answer:
Soon after her marriage to Romeo, Juliet comes home and waits anxiously for the arrival of the night so that their love is consummated. She implores night to come soon and along with it bring her Romeo. Once she gets her Romeo she does not fear death. Like all mortals, if she dies, Juliet begs fate to set him in heaven with the stars. His presence will make the face of heaven so beautiful that the world will fall in love with ‘night’, and the sun will no longer be worshipped. It also implies that their love will end in their tragic death because of the enmity that exists between the two families. Consequently, the world will come to know about the tragic death of the two lovers and thus Romeo will be immortalized.

III. Answer the following questions in about 200 words each:

Question 1.
‘Romeo and Juliet’ provides an insight into the use of poetic devices in expressing human feelings. Explain.
Answer:
In this lesson, there are two soliloquies, one by Romeo and the other by Juliet. The first soliloquy is taken from Act I, Scene V and the second from Act III, Scene II of Romeo and Juliet1, a romantic tragedy by William Shakespeare. The language used by Shakespeare in these soliloquies is exceptionally creative and provides an insight into his use of poetic devices in expressing human feelings.

In Act, I, Scene V, Romeo is attending a dance party in disguise, as it is hosted by Old Lord Capulet. Romeo is seen gazing at some dancers on the dance floor. When Romeo sees Juliet, he is so fascinated by her beauty that he asks a servant who the lady is. When the servant tells him that he does not know who she is, Romeo stands apart and rapturously praises her beauty.
In this soliloquy, one witness the ebullient outpourings of a dreamy, young lover who has fallen in love with a beautiful, young lady, at first sight, Shakespeare captures both the excitement and wonder the lovers feel on this occasion, in an extraordinary language which abounds in poetic devices.

Line one is hyperbolic. The use of hyperbole is quite appropriate in this context because it is the voice of a young lover who sees before him a beautiful girl who symbolizes his aesthetic sense of what beauty ought to be like. Inline 2, Juliet is likened to an earring, thus making it a simile. The earring hangs upon the cheek of night. Here ‘night’ is personified as a black lady. Thus, we see the use of personification as a device. The meaning is stretched further in the next line, and thus in lines 2 and 3, we see the use of enjambment as a poetic device. (‘Enjambment’ refers to the running over of the sense and grammatical structure from one verse line or couplet to the next without a punctuated pause.) The extended meaning is expected to further highlight the beauty of Juliet using a sharp contrast in the description of the personified night as an Ethiopian lady’s ear-ring.

We find another instance of enjambment in lines 5 and 6. Dove is a symbol of love and a snowy dove is a symbol of peace. This highlights the pristine love of the two young lovers. The snowy dove is trooping with ‘crows’ is again a sharp contrast between the other ladies in the hall and the brightness of Juliet. This contrast is to present a striking visual spectacle before the audience.

Thus, the whole stretch of this soliloquy is an extended metaphor expressing the emotional intensity of a lover who has fallen in love at first sight. In the next two lines, in the phrases ‘my rude hand’ and ‘my heart we find the use of ‘synecdoche’. The word ‘rude’ is tactile imagery. In the last line, the word ‘Beauty’, is a metaphor for Juliet. Finally, in the sentence ‘Did my heart love till now?’ we find Romeo’s realization that his love for Rosaline was only infatuation – a sensual feeling for a lady and devoid of all emotions, whereas now he is in the throes of real love.

The next soliloquy is by Juliet (Act III Scene II). In this scene, Juliet is now waiting for Romeo. In this beautiful speech, we begin to understand the fullness of Juliet’s love.

In the first line, Juliet is addressing ‘night’ as an entity; night is personified. Thus there are two poetic devices used here – an apostrophe and personification. The poet wants to highlight Romeo’s brightness as seen by Juliet when he comes to visit her at the night.

Inline 1, ‘come, night; come, thou day in the night there is a form of parallelism called ‘asyndeton’. (It is a form of verbal compression which consists of the omission of connecting words between clauses.) Next, Juliet calls Romeo’s day-in-night’ which is a metaphor.

In the second line ‘night’ is personified as a bird. In the next line, the bird is mentioned as a ‘raven’, and Romeo’s brightness or white complexion is compared with new snow on the raven’s back. Here, there is a simile. In the fourth line also ‘night* is personified. Juliet describes the night as having black eyebrows, like a human being. Finally, in line 7, we see personification in the phrase ‘face of heaven’. Inline 8, we see the use of ‘metonymy’ in the phrase ‘all the world will be in love with the night’. It means to say that all the people in the world will be in love with night

Thus Shakespeare uses emotive language to associate it with the theme of love to demonstrate Romeo’s love/feelings for Juliet and to create drama. Thus one can undoubtedly say that ‘Romeo and Juliet’ provides an insight into the use of poetic devices.

Question 2.
Juliet’s love for Romeo finds an expression of exaggeration. Explain.
Answer:
It would be very unfair to Shakespeare’s mastery of poetic art and also to Juliet’s characterization if we were to conclude that Juliet’s love for Romeo finds expression in exaggeration. It is worth noting that both the actions – Romeo meeting Juliet in the dance hall and Juliet waiting for Romeo, happen at night Secondly, both the lovers are young, innocent, dreamy, and inexperienced in love. Both of them have entered a new world and until their love for each other is secured through consummation, the playwright cannot show them in any other mood other than portraying their longing for each other in emotive language. Moreover, both of them have fallen in love at first sight and naturally, their emotional outpourings must contain a description of their physical beauty.

Since it is a play, the playwright has to make his language overcharged with emotion so as to dramatize the situation. Naturally, Juliet’s language is hyperbolic. Though ‘hyperbole’ is generally defined as ‘exaggeration’, it is not in the ordinary sense. Here ’hyperbole’ is a poetic device and it has been appropriately used for enhancing the dramatic effect One must also remember that plays are meant to be performed. Therefore, while reading a play one must also visualize the action. Therefore, whatever Juliet says is not an exaggeration but the emotional outpourings of a young lady who has met her lover for the first time and that too only for a short time. In this context, her longing for Romeo comes out in poetic language.

In Juliet’s soliloquy in Act III scene II, Juliet is now waiting for Romeo. From this speech, we begin to understand the fullness of Juliet’s love. She desires the act of love, not just for the physical pleasure, but because it represents for her the pinnacle of marriage. Juliet has met a lover for the first time in her life and this experience of nascent love in an innocent, virgin maiden finds its best expression in this soliloquy.

In the first line, Juliet is addressing ‘night’ as an entity and night are personified. Thus there are two poetic devices used here – an apostrophe and personification. Here Shakespeare is using them for contrast and emphasis. The poet wants to highlight Romeo’s brightness as seen by Juliet when he comes to visit her at the night. Next, Juliet calls Romeo ‘day-in-night’ which is a metaphor.

In the second line, ‘night is personified as a bird. In the next line, the bird is mentioned as a ‘raven’, and Romeo’s brightness or white complexion is compared with the new snow on the raven’s back. Here, there is a simile. In the fourth line also ‘night’ is personified. Juliet describes the night as having black eyebrows, like a human being. In line 7 we see ‘personification’ in the phrase ‘face of heaven’. We see the use of‘metonymy’ in the phrase ‘the world will be in love with the night’, which means to say that all the people of the world will be in love with night In view of the situation that is being presented, exaggeration is quite appropriate.

Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare About the Poet:

William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. He is often called England’s national poet and the ‘Bard of Avon’. He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, in 1564. Very little is known about his life, but by 1592 he was j in London working as an actor and a dramatist. Between about 1590 and 1613, Shakespeare wrote at least 37 plays and collaborated on several more.

Many of these plays were very successful both at court and in the public playhouses. In 1613, Shakespeare retired from the theatre and returned to Stratford-upon-Avon. He died and was buried there in 1616.

Shakespeare wrote plays and poems. His plays, 37 in number, were comedies, histories, and tragedies. His 17 comedies include ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ and ‘The Merry Wives of Windsor’. Among his 10 history plays are ‘Henry V’ and ‘Richard III’. The most famous among his 10 tragedies are ‘Hamlet’, ‘Othello’, and ‘King Lear’. Shakespeare’s best-known poems are ‘Venus and Adonis’, ‘The Rape of Lucrece’ and the Sonnets, 154 in all.

Romeo and Juliet Summary in English

Background-I

‘Romeo and Juliet’ presents the tragic story of two young lovers Romeo and Juliet, who belong to two powerful noble families of Verona, the Montagues, and the Capulets. The two noble families harbour grudges against each other and have been fighting each other as sworn enemies for a long time.

The action starts with a street brawl between the servants of the two rival families, who are later joined by the heads of the families, the Montagues and the Capulets, themselves. Prince Escalus, 5 who arrives on the scene, admonishes them, restores order, and threatens death to any member of either family found indulging in street fights, in the future. Then he leaves the place taking Lord Capulet along with him.

Only Lord and Lady Montague and Benvolio, their nephew, remain there as the others depart. Lord Montague tells Benvolio that Romeo has been in a bad mood for quite a while, weeping and mooning, staying out all night but going into the house as soon as the sun rises, locking himself in his room with the curtains drawn as if to make ‘himself an artificial night’. Benvolio assures him that he will attempt to find out what is bothering Romeo.

Next, we find Paris, a young relative of Prince Escalus, engaged in a conversation with Lord Capulet. Paris wishes to marry 14-year-old Juliet, the only daughter of the Capulets. Lord Capulet tells Paris that Juliet is yet too young to marry, but tells Paris that he will not oppose the marriage if Paris can win Juliet’s consent. Incidentally, Lord Capulet invites Paris to a feast to be held at his house that evening.

Meanwhile, Benvolio meets Romeo and learns that Romeo is madly in love with Rosaline, who does not love him and insists on remaining chaste.
2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 1 Romeo and Juliet image - 1
Next, we learn that Lord Capulet has given his servant a list of guests whom he has to see and ensure that they are invited to the Capulets’ party that evening. But the servant cannot read the names in the list and hence asks two strangers in the street to read. The two strangers are none other than Romeo and Benvolio. Romeo reads out the names of the guests and incidentally learns that fair Rosaline, with whom he is madly in love, is also one of the guests in the party. Romeo and Benvolio decide to ‘crash’ the party. As planned, Romeo and Benvolio gain entry into the party along with a retinue of masked entertainers and torchbearers.

While the guests are engaged in dancing, Romeo happens to see Juliet dancing with a gentleman. Romeo is awestruck by her beauty and tries to find out from a servant, who she is. It is at this juncture that Romeo says these lines.
The lines spoken by Romeo are taken from Act I Scene V when Romeo happens to see Juliet for the first time in the party hosted by the Capulets. Both Romeo and Juliet do not know each other.

Summary – I Romeo’s Speech

Romeo stands apart and rapturously praises her beauty. His words appear to come from someone who has not seen anyone so beautiful as Juliet before. It is night and the room is lit with torches. Romeo exclaims and says that Juliet is brighter than the blaze of the torches. It implies that her brightness outshines the torches and has lit up the hall. In the next two lines again there is a reference to the darkness of the night and the brightly shining lady. Romeo compares Juliet to a jewelled earring hanging against the cheek of an African.

Here again, it implies that Juliet is conspicuously seen amidst others because of her brightness. Romeo is so enchanted with her goddess-like beauty that he declares that she is too beautiful for this world and too beautiful to die and be buried. In the next line, he eulogizes her beauty saying that she outshines the other women like a white dove in the middle of a flock of crows.

Romeo is so overwhelmed by her beauty that he tells himself that when that dance is over, he will watch her where she stands and will touch her hand and make his coarse hand (compared to Juliet’s) blessed. Then he asks himself a question whether his heart loved anyone before that moment. Then he tells himself that if it was true then he would renounce it because he had never felt so much in love because he had never seen anyone truly beautiful like Juliet until that night.

Background-II

(Having slipped away from his friends, Romeo lingers in Capulet s garden under Juliet’s window, and overhears her confess to the stars that she loves him. He reveals his presence to her, and in an ardent love scene, they resolve to be married secretly. The next day, Juliet sends her nurse, of whom she has made a confidante, to make final arrangements, and the wedding is performed at the cell of Friar Laurence, Romeo’s friend. The two lovers depart hoping to meet each other in Juliet’s chamber that night.

Returning from his wedding, Romeo comes upon his friends, Benvolio and Mercutio, in an altercation with Tybalt, who has been seeking Romeo because of his intrusion at the ball. Tybalt does his best to pick a fight, but Romeo, remembering that now Tybalt is his kinsman, refuses to quarrel.

Mercutio, however, who do not understand Romeo’s softness, takes the quarrel upon himself, and when Romeo and Benvolio try to beat down their weapons is slain by Tybalt. Aroused by the death of his best friend, Romeo throws aside his lenity, slays Tybalt, and flees as the angry citizens begin to gather.

Then we come to Act III Scene II, where we find Juliet waiting in her father’s orchard for her husband, Romeo’s, arrival. Juliet, unaware of what has just happened, waits out the passing of the day. She is more impatient than ever, for, that night Romeo is to come to her as her husband. At the opening of the scene, Juliet delivers an impassioned soliloquy, popularly known as ‘Juliet’s invocation to the night’. In her soliloquy, Juliet urges the sun on to its setting in the West, so that night may arrive sooner. She longs for the shelter of darkness when Romeo can come to her unseen. The dark suits lovers, for love, is blind and the beauty of lovers is enough light for them. There are 31 lines in this soliloquy but only 9 lines (lines 17 to 25) are prescribed for your study.

Whereas Romeo’s speech highlights the mesmerising physical beauty of Juliet, Juliet’s soliloquy highlights Juliet’s intensity of love for Romeo.

Summary-II Juliet’s soliloquy

In these nine lines, Juliet invokes both ‘night’ and ‘Romeo’ as well. She addresses Romeo as ‘day in the night’ because his presence will shine out against the darkness. She visualizes night like a bird j and believes that Romeo will come gliding on the wings of the night like ‘new snow’ on a raven’s back. She addresses the night appealingly calling it ‘gentle night’ and ‘black-browed night’. She implores it to bring her Romeo to her. After that, when she dies, she asks the night to take him and set him up in heaven with the stars so that he will make the face of heaven beautiful and charming. She hopes that when that happens ‘all the world will be in love with night, and it will not pay attention to the overbright or lurid sun.

The soliloquy is based on the unifying images of night and light. Juliet courts this night, which by its darkness will allow Romeo’s safe journey to her. The only light she needs is Romeo himself, who is ‘day in the night’. The light of the day and the ‘garish sun’ offer nothing to her; they are only ‘tedious’. It is a night that is ‘loving’, for it blesses her love with its darkness and silence and lets that love shine out. Even the stars, emblems of the fate she does not recognize, seem to be good to her. Romeo will be made eternal by the stars. Juliet’s speech is like singing in the face of death. Thus, Juliet hastens the coming of her wedding night.

In short, love belongs to Juliet, now that she is married, but she does not own it, and she can’t own love until Romeo possesses her. That is why she is waiting now as impatiently as a child waits for a festival.

Romeo and Juliet Summary in Kannada

2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 1 Romeo and Juliet image - 2
2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 1 Romeo and Juliet image - 3
2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 1 Romeo and Juliet image - 4
2nd PUC English Textbook Answers Springs Chapter 1 Romeo and Juliet image - 5

Glossary:

  • Doth (archaic): does
  • Ethiopia: an African
  • Yonder: over there
  • Measure dene: dance ended
  • Thou (archaic): you
  • Rude: roughly formed
  • Garish: lurid, obtrusively bright
  • too rich for use: too splendid for common wear
  • my rude hand: my hand which will be guilty of profanity in venturing to touch hers
  • forswear it, sight: he appeals to his eyes to disclaim having ever before seen real beauty

The main aim is to share the knowledge and help the students of 2nd PUC to secure the best score in their final exams. Use the concepts of Karnataka 2nd PUC English Answers Chapter 1 Romeo and Juliet in Real time to enhance your skills. If you have any doubts you can post your comments in the comment section, We will clarify your doubts as soon as possible without any delay.

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank with Answers Karnataka

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank with Answers Karnataka

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Students can also read 2nd PUC Maths Model Question Papers with Answers hope will definitely help for your board exams.

Karnataka 2nd PUC Maths Question Bank with Answers

Karnataka 2nd PUC Maths Question Bank with Answers

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 1 Relations and Functions

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 3 Matrices

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 4 Determinants

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 5 Continuity and Differentiability

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 6 Application of Derivatives

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 7 Integrals

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 8 Application of Integrals

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 9 Differential Equations

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 10 Vector Algebra

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 11 Three Dimensional Geometry

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 12 Linear Programming

2nd PUC Maths Question Bank Chapter 13 Probability

Karnataka 2nd PUC Maths Blue Print of Model Question Paper

2nd PUC Maths Blue Print of Model Question Paper

2nd PUC Maths Design of the Question Paper

MATHEMATICS (35)
CLASS : II PUC

Time: 3 hour 15 minute ; Max. Marks: 100
(of which 15 minute for reading the question paper).
The weightage of the distribution of marks over different dimensions of the question paper shall be as follows:

2nd PUC Maths Weightage to Objectives:

Objective Weightage Marks
Knowledge 40% 60/150
Understanding 30% 45/150
Application 20% 30/150
Skill 10% 15/150

2nd PUC Maths Weightage to level of difficulty:

Level Weightage Marks
Easy 35% 53/150
Average 55% 82/150
Difficult 10% 15/150

2nd PUC Maths Weightage to content/subject units:

Chapter
No.
Chapter No. of teaching Hours Marks
1 RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS 11 11
2 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 8 8
3 MATRICES 8 9
4 DETERMINANTS 13 12
5 CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY 19 20
6 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 11 10
7 INTEGRALS 21 22
8 APPLICATION OF INTEGRALS 8 8
9 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9 10
10 VECTORS 11 11
11 THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 12 11
12 LINEAR PROGRAMMING 7 7
13 PROBABILITY 12 11
TOTAL 150 150

2nd PUC Maths Pattern of the question paper:

Part Type of questions Number of questions to be set Number of questions to be answered Remarks
A 1 mark questions 10 10 Compulsory part
B 2 mark questions 14 10 —–
C 3 mark questions 14 10 —–
D 5 mark questions 10 6 Questions must be asked from specific set of topics as mentioned below.
E 10 mark questions (Each question with two sub divisions namely a) 6 mark and b) 4 mark ) 2 1

Instructions:
Content areas to select questions for PART – D and PART – E
a) In part D

  1. Relations and functions: Problems on verification of invertibility of a function and writing its inverse.
  2. Matrices: Problems on algebra of matrices .
  3. Determinants: Problems on finding solution to simultaneous linear equations involving three unknown quantities by matrix method.
  4. Continuity and differentiability: Problems on second derivatives only.
  5. Application of derivatives: Problems on derivative as a rate measurer.
  6. Integrals: Derivations on indefinite integrals and evaluation of an indefinite integral by using the derived formula.
  7. Application of integrals: Problems on finding the area of the bounded region by the method of integration.
  8. Differential equations: Problems on solving linear differential equations only.
  9. Three dimensional geometry: Derivations on three dimensional geometry (both vector and Cartesian form)
  10. Probability: Problems on Bernoulli Trials and Binomial distribution.

b) In PART E:
(i) 6 mark questions must be taken from the following content areas
Integrals: Derivations on definite integrals and evaluation of a definite integral using the derived formula.
Linear programming: Problems on linear programming.
(ii) 4 mark question must be taken from the following content areas.
Continuity and differentiability: Problems on continuous functions.
Determinants: Problems on evaluation of determinants by using properties.

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2nd PUC Hindi Textbook Answers Sahitya Gaurav Chapter 1 सुजान भगत

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सुजान भगत Questions and Answers, Notes, Summary

I. एक शब्द या वाक्यांश या वाक्य में उत्तर लिखिए :

Sujan Bhagat Notes KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 1.
सीधे-सादे किसान धन आते ही किस ओर झुकते हैं?
उत्तर:
सीधे-सादे किसान धन हाथ आते ही धर्म और कीर्ति की ओर झुकते हैं।

Sujan Bhagat KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 2.
कानूनगो इलाके में आते तो किसके चौपाल में ठहरते?
उत्तर:
कानूनगो इलाके में आते, तो सुजान महतो के चौपाल में ठहरते।

2nd Puc Hindi Sujan Bhagat Notes KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 3.
सुजान ने गाँव में क्या बनवाया?
उत्तर:
सुजान ने गाँव में एक पक्का कुँआ बनवाया।

Sujan Bhagat Answers KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 4.
सुजान की पत्नी का नाम क्या है?
उत्तर:
सुजान की पत्नी का नाम बुलाकी है।

Sujan Bhagat Class 12 Notes KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 5.
सुजान के बड़े बेटे का नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर:
सुजान के बड़े बेटे का नाम भोला है।

Sujan Bhagat Summary In English KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 6.
सुजान के छोटे बेटे का नाम क्या है?
उत्तर:
सुजान के छोटे बेटे का नाम शंकर है।

Sujan Bhagat Summary KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 7.
कौन द्वार पर आकर चिल्लाने लगा?
उत्तर:
भिक्षुक द्वार पर आकर चिल्लाने लगा।

Sujan Bhagat Summary In Hindi KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 8.
बुढ़ापे में आदमी की क्या मारी जाती है?
उत्तर:
बुढ़ापे में आदमी की बुद्धि मारी जाती है।

Sujan Bhagat Question Answers KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 9.
घर में किसका राज होता है?
उत्तर:
घर में उसी का राज होता है जो कमाता है।

Class 12 Hindi Sujan Bhagat KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 10.
कटिया का ढेर देखकर कौन दंग रह गयी?
उत्तर:
कटिया का ढेर देखकर बुलाकी दंग रह गई।

Sujan Bhagat Pdf KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 11.
सुजान की गोद में सिर रखे किन्हें अकथनीय सुख मिल रहा था?
उत्तर:
बैलों को सुजान की गोद में सिर रखकर अकथनीय सुख मिल रहा था।

Sujan Bhagat Story Summary In Hindi KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 12.
भिक्षुक के गाँव का नाम लिखिए।
उत्तर:
भिक्षुक के गाँव का नाम अमोला है।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्न :

Sujan Bhagat 2nd Puc KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 13.
तीन वर्ष लगातार कौन-सी फसल लगती गयी?
उत्तर:
तीन वर्ष लगातार ऊख की फसल लगती गयी।

Sujan Bhagat Question And Answer In Hindi Class 12 प्रश्न 14.
सत्कार्य में बाधा डालने से क्या बिगड़ता है?
उत्तर:
सत्कार्य में बाधा डालने से अपनी ही मुक्ति बिगड़ती है।

Sujan Bhagat Notes Pdf KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 15.
भगत बनने के बाद सबसे बड़ी बात क्या है?
उत्तर:
भगत बनने के बाद झूठ का त्याग करना पड़ता है।

Sahitya Gaurav Hindi Textbook Answers KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 16.
सुजान के हाथों से धीरे-धीरे क्या छीने जाने लगे?
उत्तर:
सुजान के हाथों से धीरे-धीरे अधिकार छीने जाने लगे।

Sujan Bhagat Story In Hindi KSEEB Solutions प्रश्न 17.
शंकर क्या भरकर लाया?
उत्तर:
शंकर नारियल भरकर लाया।

प्रश्न 18.
सुजान ने रुपये-पैसे का लेन-देन किसके हाथ में दे रखा था?
उत्तर:
सुजान ने रुपये-पैसे का लेन-देन अपनी पत्नी बुलाकी के हाथ दे रखा था।

प्रश्न 19.
सुजान को कितने महीने के अविरल परिश्रम का फल मिला?
उत्तर:
सुजान को आठ महीने के अविरल परिश्रम का फल मिला।

प्रश्न 20.
किसने भोला को परास्त कर दिया था?
उत्तर:
वृद्ध पिता ने भोला को परास्त कर दिया था।

II. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखिए :

प्रश्न 1.
सुजान महतो की संपत्ति बढ़ी तो क्या करने लगा?
उत्तर:
सुजान महतो की संपत्ति बढी तो उनके चित्त की वृत्ति धर्म की ओर झुक पडी। साधु-संतों का आदर सत्कार होने लगा, द्वार पर धूनी जलने लगी। कानूनगो इलाके में आते तो सुजान की चौपाल में ठहरते। हल्के के हेड कांस्टेबल, थानेदार, शिक्षा विभाग के अफसर यहाँ तक कि बड़े-बड़े हाकिम भी उसके चौपाल में आकर ठहरने लगे। घर में भजन-भाव होता, सत्संग होता सुजानने गाँव में एक पक्का कुआ बनवा दिया इसनहर जो काम गाँव के किसी ने न किया था सुजानने कर दिखाया।

प्रश्न 2.
घर में सुजान भगत का अनादर कैसे हुआ?
उत्तर:
सुजान महतो सुजान भगत बनने के बाद धार्मिक और सत्कार्य करने लगे। घर के मामलों में ज्यादा दिलचस्पी नहीं दिखाते थे। इसलिए घरवालों की नजरों में गिर गये। सुजान के हाथों से धीरे-धीरे अधिकार छीने जाने लगे। किस खेत में क्या बोना है, किसको क्या देना है, किससे क्या लेना है, किस भाव क्या चीज़ बिकी, ऐसी महत्वपूर्ण बातों में भी भगत जी की सलाह न ली जाती थी। उनके दोनों जवान बेटे बात-बात में उन पर फब्तियाँ कसते। उनकी पत्नी बुलाकी भी बेटों के पक्ष में थी। हद तब हो गई जब वे भिक्षुक को दान देने की स्वतंत्रता भी खो चुके। गाँव भर में सुजान का मान-सम्मान बढ़ता था और अपने घर में उसका मान सम्मान घट रहा था।

प्रश्न 3.
सुजान भगत पेड़ के नीचे बैठ कर क्या सोचता है?
उत्तर:
धीरे-धीरे उसके हाथ से सारे अधिकार छीने जाने लगे तब सुजान ने पेड का नीचे बैठकर सोचा उसेक ही घर में उसका अनादर। अभी वह अपाहिज नहीं है हाथ-पाँव थके नही है, घर का कुछ न कुछ काम वह करता ही रहता है फिर भी यह अनादार? उसीने वह घर बनाया था, सारी विभूति उसी के श्रम का फल है पर अब उस पर उसका कोई अधिकार नही। अब वह दरवाजे पर कुत्ते जैसा है, पड़ा रहता है, घरवाले जो रुखा-सूखा दे, वहीं खाकर पेट भर लिया करे। ऐसे जीवन को वह धिक्कारता है। ऐसे घर में वह रह नही सकता।

प्रश्न 4.
सुजान भगत को सबसे अधिक क्रोध बुलाकी पर क्यों आता है?
उत्तर:
सुजान को सबसे अधिक क्रोध अपनी पत्नी बुलाकी पर आया। क्योंकि वह भी लड़कों का साथ देती थी। लड़कों को मालूम नही कितने परिश्रम से उसने गृहस्थी जोडी है लेकिन उसे तो मालूम है। सुजान ने दिन-को दिन और रात को रात नही समझा। इतनी कड़ी मेहनत की। भादो की अँधेरी रात में मडैया लगा के जुआर की रखवाली करता था। जठे-बैसाख की दोपहरी में भी दम न लेता था। अब उसी घर में उसे इतना भी अधिकार नही कि वह भीख तक दे सके। सुजान ने कभी न उसे मारा, ना पैसे की कमी की। बीमारी में उसे वैद्य के पास ले जाता। अब उसे अपने बेटे ही सब कुछ लगते है।

प्रश्न 5.
चैत के महीने में खलिहानों में सतयुग के राज का वर्णन कीजिए।
उत्तर:
चैत के महीने में जगह-जगह अनाज के ढेर लगते है। वही समय होता है जब किसानों की भी थोडी देर के लिए अपना जीवन सफल मालूम होता हैं। अच्छी फसल बढी देखकर, कटाई कर जब वे अनाज के ढेर को लगा देते है, तब गर्व से उनका हृदय उछलने लगता है। सुजान भी टोकरे में अनाज भर-भरकर देते और उनके दोनों लड़के वह घर में रख आते। भाट और भिक्षुक तब भीख माँगने आते। तब खलीहानों में सचमुच सतयुग का राज़ होता है।

प्रश्न 6.
सुजान भगत भिक्षुक को कैसे संतुष्ट करता है?
उत्तर:
एक बार निराश होकर लोटे भिक्षुक को सुजान कहते हैं उस अनाज के ढेर से जितना अनाज उठाकर ले जा सको जाओ। भिक्षुक ने पहले 10 सेर अनाज अपने चादर में भरा लेकिन सुजान, ने इसे तो कोई बच्चा भी उठालेगा कहकर उस चादर में खुद इतना अनाज भरा कि उससे वह गठरी हिली नही। तब सुजान ने पता कराया कि वह अमोला में रहता है फिर गठरी खुद अपने सिर पर उठाकर भिक्षुक को पीछे चला। इस तरह उसने भिक्षुक को संतुष्ठ किया।

प्रश्न 7.
सुजान भगत अपना खोया हुआ अधिकार फिर कैसे प्राप्त करता है?
उत्तर:
बेटे और पत्नी से जो अनादर हुआ, उससे सुजान बहुत ही चिंतित था। उसे लगा कि अब तक जिस घर में राज किया, उसी घर में पराधीन बनकर वह नहीं रह सकता। उसे अधिकार चाहिए। वह इस घर पर दूसरों का अधिकार नहीं देख सकता। मंदिर का पुजारी बनकर नहीं रह सकता। उसी क्षण से वह कठोर परिश्रम करने लगा। रात भर बैलों का चारा काटता रहा, सुबह तक कटिया का पहाड़ खड़ा कर दिया। सवेरे ही हल लेकर खेत में पहुँचा। भोला जब किसानों के साथ हल लेकर खेत में पहुंचा तब तक सुजान आधा खेत जोत चुका था। दोपहर में भी विश्राम नहीं किया। डाँड फेंकना, अनाज बोना, खेत की सुरक्षा आदि इस प्रकार आठ महीने निरंतर परिश्रम किया। खेत ने सोना उगल दिया। बखारी में अनाज रखने की जगह न रही। इस तरह सुजान ने अपना खोया हुआ अधिकार फिर प्राप्त कर लिया।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
भगतों के आचार-विचार कैसे होते हैं?
उत्तर:
भगतों के आचार-विचार कुछ और होते हैं। वह बिना स्नान किये कुछ नहीं खाता। गंगा जी अगर घर से दूर हों और वह रोज़ स्नान करके दोपहर तक घर न लौट सकता हो, तब भी पर्यों के दिनों में तो जरूर नहाना चाहिए। उसके घर भजन भाव अवश्य होना चाहिए। पूजा-अर्चना उसके लिए अनिवार्य है। खान-पान में संयम और झूठ का त्याग करना पड़ता है। भगत के लिए, ज्ञानी के लिए क्षमा नहीं है। प्रायश्चित नहीं है। अगर वह है भी तो बहुत कठिन है। इस प्रकार भगतों के आचार-विचार साधारण मनुष्यों के आचार-विचार से अलग होते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
सुजान ने भिक्षुक को क्या देना चाहा और उसका परिणाम क्या हुआ?
उत्तर:
सुजान भगत भिक्षुक को भीख देने के लिए अनाज लेने भंडार घर में गये। वे एक छबड़ी में सेर भर जौ लेकर निकले। तभी अचानक भोला ने उनके हाथ से छबड़ी छीन ली और क्रोध से बोला – सेंत का माल नहीं है, जो लुटाने चले हो। छाती फाड़-फाड़ कर काम करते हैं, तब दाना घर में आता है। इस प्रकार भोला ने सुजान भगत को अपमानित किया।

III. निम्नलिखित वाक्य किसने किससे कहे?

प्रश्न 1.
‘धरम के काम में मीन-मेष निकालना अच्छा नहीं।
उत्तर:
यह वाक्य सुजान ने अपनी पत्नी बुलाकी से कहा।

प्रश्न 2.
‘दिन भर एक न एक खुचड़ निकालते रहते हैं।’
उत्तर:
यह वाक्य भोला ने अपनी माँ बुलाकी से कहा।

प्रश्न 3.
आधी रोटी खाओ, भगवान का भजन करो और पड़े रहो।’
उत्तर:
यह वाक्य बुलाकी ने अपने पति सुजान भगत से कहा।

प्रश्न 4.
‘क्रोधी तो सदा के हैं। अब किसी की सुनेंगे थोड़े ही।’
उत्तर:
यह वाक्य बुलाकी ने अपने बेटे भोला से कहा।

प्रश्न 5.
‘बाबा, इतना मुझसे उठ न सकेगा।’
उत्तर:
यह वाक्य भिक्षुक ने सुजान भगत से कहा।

प्रश्न 6.
‘आदमी को चाहिए कि जैसा समय देखे वैसा काम करे।’
उत्तर:
बुलाकी ने यह वाक्य सुजान से कहा।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
‘मैं संझा को डाँड फेंक दूंगा।’
उत्तर:
भोला ने सुजान से कहा।

प्रश्न 2.
‘अच्छा, बताओं किस गाँव में रहते हो?’
उत्तर:
यह भगत ने भिक्षुक से कहा।

IV. ससंदर्भ स्पष्टीकरण कीजिए :

प्रश्न 1.
‘भगवान की इच्छा होगी, तो फिर रुपये हो जायेंगे। उनके यहाँ किस बात की कमी है?’
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य गौरव’ के ‘सुजान भगत’ नामक कहानी से लिया गया है जिसके लेखक प्रेमचंद हैं।
संदर्भ : प्रस्तुत वाक्य को सुजान भगत ने बुलाकी से कहा कि ईश्वर के यहाँ किस बात की कमी है।
स्पष्टीकरण : एक बार जब गया के यात्री गाँव में आकर ठहरे, तो सुजान के यहाँ उनका भोजन बना। सुजान के मन में भी गया जाने की बहुत दिनों से इच्छा थी। यह अवसर देखकर वह भी चलने को तैयार हो गया। लेकिन बुलाकी ने कहा की अगले साल देखेंगे, हाथ खाली हो जाएगा। तब सुजान ने अगले साल क्या होगा, कौन जानता है, धर्म के काम को टालना नहीं चाहिए, ऐसा कहते हुए इस वाक्य को कहा।

प्रश्न 2.
‘अभी ऐसे बूढ़े नहीं हो गए कि कोई काम ही न कर सकें।
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य गौरव’ के ‘सुजान भगत’ नामक कहानी से लिया गया है जिसके लेखक प्रेमचंद हैं।
संदर्भ : प्रस्तुत वाक्य को भोला अपने पिता के बारे में अपनी माँ बुलाकी से कहता है।
स्पष्टीकरण : एक दिन बुलाकी ओखली में दाल छाँट रही थी। एक भिखमँगा द्वार पर आकर चिल्लाने लगता है। भोला माँ से उसे कुछ देने के लिए कहता है, तो बुलाकी पूछती है कि तुम्हारे पिताजी क्या कर रहे हैं, तो व्यंग्य से भोला कहता है कि दिन भर एक न एक खुचड़ निकालते रहते हैं, सारा दिन पूजा-पाठ में ही निकल जाता है और अभी ऐसे बूढ़े नहीं हुए। इससे हमें पता चलता है कि सुजान का अनादर घर में कैसे होता रहा।

प्रश्न 3.
‘आदमी को चाहिए कि जैसा समय देखे वैसा काम करे।
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य गौरव’ के ‘सुजान भगत’ नामक कहानी से लिया गया है जिसके लेखक प्रेमचंद हैं।
संदर्भ : प्रस्तुत वाक्य को बुलाकी अपने पति सुजान भगत से कहती है।
स्पष्टीकरण : सुजान महतो सुजान भगत बने, तो घर में उनका राज समाप्त हो गया। महत्वपूर्ण निर्णय माँ और बेटे ही लेते थे। जब द्वार पर चिल्ला रहे भिक्षुक को एक सेर अनाज तक दान देने की स्वतंत्रता सुजान खो देता है, उसे बड़ा दुःख हुआ। सबसे ज्यादा गुस्सा उसे अपनी पत्नी बुलाकी पर आया क्योंकि वह जानती थी कि कितनी मेहनत से उन्होंने इस घर को बनाया है। वे उदास होकर पेड़ के नीचे बैठकर सोचते रहते हैं, तब उनकी पत्नी आकर समझाने का प्रयत्न करती है कि घर में कमानेवाले का राज होता है। अब हम दोनों का निबाह इसी में है कि नाम के मालिक बने रहें और वही करें जो लड़कों को अच्छा लगे। आदमी को चाहिए कि जैसा समय होता है वैसा काम करे। इसी से जीवन सुगम होता है।

प्रश्न 4.
‘अब तक जिस घर में राज्य किया, उसी घर में पराधीन बनकर नहीं रह सकता।’
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य गौरव’ के ‘सुजान भगत’ नामक कहानी से लिया गया है जिसके लेखक प्रेमचंद हैं।
संदर्भ : प्रस्तुत वाक्य को सुजान भगत जब अपने ही घर में वह अपने आपको तिरस्कृत होता हुआ देखकर अपनी पत्नी बुलाकी से कहता है।
स्पष्टीकरण : जब सुजान भगत को पत्नी और पुत्रों से कुछ-न-कुछ सुनना पड़ता है, तो वह परेशान हो जाता है और अपनी पत्नी से कहता है कि एक समय था कि इस घर में मेरा ही राज था, पर आज मैं पराधीन हो गया हूँ। इस प्रकार वह अपनी मजबूरी बताता है।

प्रश्न 5.
‘अच्छा, तुम्हारे सामने यह ढेर है। इसमें से जितना अनाज उठाकर ले जा सको, ले जाओ।’
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य गौरव’ के ‘सुजान भगत’ नामक कहानी से लिया गया है जिसके लेखक प्रेमचंद हैं।
संदर्भ : सुजान भगत अपने द्वार पर आये हुए भिक्षुक से यह वाक्य कहता है।
स्पष्टीकरण : चैत का महीना था। हर जगह अनाज के ढेर लगे थे। किसानों को अपना जीवन सफल लगता है। सुजान भगत टोकरे में अनाज भर देता था और उसके दोनों लड़के टोकरे लेकर घर में अनाज रख आते थे। कई भिक्षुक भगतजी को घेरे हुए थे। उनमें आठ महीने पहले भगत के द्वार से निराश लौटकर गया हुआ भिक्षुक भी था। भगत ने उस भिक्षुक से पूछा कि क्यों बाबा आज कहाँ चक्कर लगाकर आये? तब भिक्षुक ने कहा कि अभी तो कहीं नहीं गया भगतजी, पहले तुम्हारे पास आया हूँ। तब सुजान भगत ने उस भिक्षुक से कहा कि “अच्छा, तुम्हारे सामने यह ढेर है। इसमें से जितना अनाज उठाकर ले जा सको, ले जाओ।”

प्रश्न 6.
‘जिसमें लाग नहीं, गैरत नहीं, वह जवान भी मृतक है।’
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत गद्यांश हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य गौरव’ के ‘सुजान भगत’ नामक कहानी से लिया गया है जिसके लेखक प्रेमचंद हैं।
संदर्भ : लेखक प्रेमचंद ने पाठकों को लगन और मेहनत से किए गए परिश्रम के महत्व को बताया है।
स्पष्टीकरण : लेखक ने मानव जीवन में लाग के महत्व को समझाते हुए कहा है कि जिसमें लाग है, वह बूढ़ा भी जवान व्यक्ति के समान है, और जिसमें लाग नहीं वह जवान भी मृतक के समान है।
सुजान ने आठ महीने अविरल परिश्रम करने के उपरान्त सुख और अपने खोए हुए अधिकार को आज पुनः प्राप्त किया था। वह सुजान की लाग थी, उसी लाग और मेहनत ने सुजान को अमानुषीय बल प्रदान किया था।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्न :

प्रश्न 1.
‘कहाँ आटा रखा है, लाओ, मैं ही निकालकर दे आऊँ। तुम रानी बनकर बैठो।’
उत्तर:
प्रसंग : प्रस्तुत वाक्य हमारी पाठ्य पुस्तक ‘साहित्य गौरव’ की ‘सुजान भगत’ नामक कहानी से लिया गया है। इस पाठ के लेखक प्रेमचंद हैं।
संदर्भ : यह वाक्य सुजान भगत अपनी पत्नी बुलाकी को कहता है।
स्पष्टीकरण : एक भिक्षुक सुजान भगत के द्वार पर आकर भीख के लिए चिल्लाने लगा। बुलाकी दाल छाँट रही थी; इसलिए जा नहीं पाई। सुजान का बेटा अपनी माँ बुलाकी से पिता की शिकायत करता है कि वे दान पुण्य के चक्कर में घर को चौपट करने में लगे हैं। तभी सुजान देखते हैं कि भिक्षुक अब भी चिल्ला रहा है और घर से कोई भीख लेकर नहीं गया है। तब वह घर के अन्दर जाकर कठोर स्वर में बोलता है – तुम लोगों को कुछ सुनाई नहीं देता कि द्वार पर कौन घंटे भर से खड़ा भीख माँग रहा है। एक छन भगवान का काम भी तो किया करो। तब बुलाकी कहती है – तुम भगवान का काम करने को बैठे ही हो, क्या घर भर भगवान का ही काम करेगा? बुलाकी का यह उत्तर सुनकर सुजान कहतें हैं – कहाँ आटा रखा है, लाओं, मैं ही निकालकर दे आऊँ। तुम रानी बनकर बैटो।

V. वाक्य शुद्ध कीजिए :

प्रश्न 1.
सुजान एक पक्का कुँआ बनवाया।
उत्तर:
सुजान ने एक पक्का कुँआ बनवाया।

प्रश्न 2.
प्रातः काल स्त्री और पुरुष ‘गया’ चला गया।
उत्तर:
प्रातःकाल स्त्री और पुरुष ‘गया’ चले गए।

प्रश्न 3.
मुझसे कल बहुत बड़ा भूल हुआ।
उत्तर:
मुझसे कल बहुत बड़ी भूल हुई।

प्रश्न 4.
उसके हाथ काँप रही थी।
उत्तर:
उसके हाथ काँप रहे थे।

प्रश्न 5.
सब यही कहेंगे कि भिक्षुक कितनी लोभी है।
उत्तर:
सब यही कहेंगे कि भिक्षुक कितना लोभी है।

VI. कोष्टक में दिए गए कारक चिह्नों से रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति कीजिए : (ने, से, की, का, को)

प्रश्न 1.
चैत …………. महीना था।
उत्तर:
का

प्रश्न 2.
जो खर्च करता है, उसी …………… देता है।
उत्तर:
को

प्रश्न 3.
अब इन व्यापारों ………….. उसे घृणा होती थी।
उत्तर:
से

प्रश्न 4.
भिक्षुक …………. भोला की ओर संदिग्ध नेत्रों से देखा।
उत्तर:
ने

प्रश्न 5.
तुम्हारे बेटों ………… तो कमाई है।
उत्तर:
की

VII. निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को सूचनानुसार बदलिए :

प्रश्न 1.
सुजान के खेत में कंचन बरसता है। (भविष्यत्काल में बदलिए)
उत्तर:
सुजान के खेत में कंचन बरसेगा।

प्रश्न 2.
सुजान के मन में तीर्थ यात्रा करने की इच्छा थी। (वर्तमान काल में बदलिए)
उत्तर:
सुजान के मन में तीर्थयात्रा करने की इच्छा है।

प्रश्न 3.
शंकर गाड़ी में नारियल भर कर लाता है। (भूतकाल में बदलिए)
उत्तर:
शंकर गाड़ी में नारियल भर कर लाता था।

VIII. अन्य लिंग रूप लिखिए :

भिखारी, पुजारी, आदमी, पिता, विद्वान, साधु, भगवान, स्त्री।

  1. भिखारी – भिखारिन
  2. पुजारी – पुजारिन
  3. आदमी – औरत
  4. पिता – माता
  5. विद्वान – विदुषी
  6. साधु – साध्वी
  7. भगवान – भगवती
  8. स्त्री – पुरुष

IX. अन्य वचन रूप लिखिए :

घर, बात, अभिलाषा, लड़का, रोटी, भिक्षुक, महीना, टीका।

  1. घर – घर
  2. बात – बातें
  3. अभिलाषा – अभिलाषाएँ
  4. लड़का – लड़के
  5. रोटी – रोटियाँ
  6. भिक्षुक – भिक्षुक
  7. महीना – महीने
  8. टीका – टीकाएँ

X. विलोम शब्द लिखिए :

मुरझाना, जीवन, सुख, आशा, भलाई, सुंदर, मुश्किल।

  1. मुरझाना × खिलना
  2. जीवन × मृत्यु
  3. सुख × दुःख
  4. आशा × निराशा
  5. भलाई × बुराई
  6. सुंदर × कुरूप
  7. मुश्किल × आसान

XI. लिंग पहचानिए :

नम्रता, द्वार, इच्छा, बात, गुड़, कमाई, ढोलक, मजूरी, दूध, घी, चिंता, चारपाई, पानी, रोटी, अनाज, भोजन, धन, आँख, रूपया, फसल।

  • पुल्लिंग शब्द : द्वार, गुड़, दूध, घी, पानी, अनाज, भोजन, धन, रूपया।
  • स्त्रीलिंग शब्द : नम्रता, इच्छा, बात, कमाई, ढोलक, मजूरी, चिंता, चारपाई, रोटी, आँख, फसल।

सुजान भगत लेखक परिचय :

उपन्यास सम्राट मुंशी प्रेमचंद का जन्म 31 जुलाई 1880 ई. को काशी के निकट लमही नामक गाँव में हुआ था। आपके पिता का नाम अजायबराय तथा माता का नाम आनंदी देवी था। आपका जीवन बहुत ही संघर्षपूर्ण रहा। आपने घर पर ही पढ़कर इण्टरमीडियट एवं बी.ए. की परीक्षाएँ उत्तीर्ण की। आप पहले नवाबराय के नाम से उर्दू में लिखते थे, बाद में प्रेमचंद के नाम से हिन्दी में लिखने लगे। आपने हिन्दी में लगभग 300 कहानियाँ लिखी हैं जो ‘मानसरोवर’ के आठ भागों में संकलित हैं। आपकी कहानियाँ आदर्शोन्मुख यथार्थवादी हैं। आपकी शैली में सरलता, सजीवता एवं प्रभावोत्पादकता है। मुहावरेदार भाषा का प्रयोग आपकी विशेषता है। 8 अक्तूबर 1936 ई. को आपका स्वर्गवास हुआ।

  • उपन्यास : ‘सेवासदन’, ‘प्रेमाश्रम’, ‘रंगभूमि’, ‘निर्मला’, ‘कर्मभूमि’, ‘गबन’, ‘गोदान’ आदि।
  • नाटक : ‘कर्बला’, ‘संग्राम’, ‘प्रेम की वेदी’ आदि।
  • निबंध : ‘साहित्य का उद्देश्य’, ‘स्वराज्य के फ़ायदे’, ‘कुछ विचार’ आदि।

पाठ का आशय : ‘सुजान भगत’ कहानी का परिवेश ग्राम्य जीवन है। किसान सुजान के सुजान भगत बनने के बाद गाँव में उसकी प्रतिष्ठा बढ़ जाती है लेकिन अपने ही घर में उसका अनादर होता है। पुत्र और पत्नी द्वारा उपेक्षित भगत अत्यधिक परिश्रम कर ऐसी फसल उगाता है कि बखारी में अनाज रखने को जगह नहीं मिलती। इस तरह वह अपना खोया हुआ अधिकार फिर प्राप्त करता है।

कठिन परिश्रम करने से ही मानव को धन-दौलत, मान-मर्यादा आदि प्राप्त होती है – यही इस कहानी का संदेश है।

सुजान भगत Summary in Hindi

‘सुजान भगत’ प्रेमचंद की श्रेष्ठ कहानियों में से एक है। इसमें ग्राम्य-जीवन की झांकी प्रस्तुत की गई है। संपूर्ण कहानी में सुजान भगत ही मुख्य पात्र है। सुजान की पत्नी का नाम बुलाकी है। बड़ा बेटा भोला है और छोटा बेटा शंकर।

सुजान भोला-भाला किन्तु एक सज्जन, परोपकारी किसान है। गर्मी, सर्दी तथा वर्षा में भी पसीना बहाकर खेती का काम करता है। सीधे-सादे किसान धन हाथ आते ही धर्म और कीर्ति की ओर झुकते हैं। सुजान की चित्तवृत्ति भी धर्म की ओर झुकने लगी। साधु-संतों का सत्कार, मेहमानों का जमघट, थानेदार अफसरों की चौपाल, भजन-भाव आदि होने लगे।

सुजान अति विनम्र-उदार बनकर सेवा-चाकरी करता, परन्तु घमंड नहीं। दूसरों के खेतों को पानी देता। लेकिन चेतन-जगत में आकर सुजान भगत कोरे भगत रह गया, तो उसके हाथों से अधिकार छीने जाने लगे। गाँव में भगत का सम्मान था, परन्तु घर में अनादर। लड़के उनकी चाकरी तो खूब करते, परन्तु अधिकार उनके हाथ में न था। वह अब घर का स्वामी नहीं, बल्कि मंदिर का देवता था।

पेड़ के नीचे बैठकर सुजान सदा विचारों में मग्न रहता। वह कोई अपाहिज नहीं, घर का सब काम करता है, फिर भी यह अनादर! अब वह द्वार का कुत्ता है, जो रूखा-सूखा मिले, वही खाकर पड़ा रहता। ऐसे जीवन को धिक्कार है। उसने रात-दिन मेहनत करके पसीना बहाया, सबकुछ सहा, पर आज भीख तक देने का अधिकार उसे नहीं है।

सुजान की पत्नी बुलाकी भी भगत का विरोध करती है। अब उसे बच्चे प्यारे लगते हैं और पति निखटू। बेटे के लिए माँ और माँ के लिए बेटे। सुजान तो मानो बाहर का आदमी है।

चैत का महीना था। जगह-जगह अनाज के ढेर लगे हुए थे। यही किसानों का सफल जीवन है। सुजान अनाज भरकर देता और बेटे अंदर रख आते। कितने ही भाट और भिक्षुक भगत को घेरे रहते। जो भिक्षुक आठ महीने पहले भगत के द्वार से निराश लौटा था, उसे भगत ने आज खूब-सारा अनाज देकर विदा किया। सुजान को इसमें बड़ा आनन्द मिलता था।

आठ महीने के निरंतर परिश्रम का सुजान को फल मिला था। आज उसको अपना खोया हुआं अधिकार फिर मिल गया था। मानव-जीवन में लगन महत्व की वस्तु है। लगन से बूढ़ा भी जवान बन जाता है। सुजान में लगन और मेहनत थी। अतः उसे अमानुषीय बल मिला। भोला से कहा – ये भाट और भिक्षुक खड़े हैं, कोई खाली हाथ न लौटने पाये। भोला सिर झुकाये खड़ा था। उसे कुछ बोलने का हौसला न हुआ। वृद्ध पिता ने उसे परास्त कर दिया था।

सुजान भगत Summary in Kannada

2nd PUC Hindi Textbook Answers Sahitya Gaurav Chapter 1 सुजान भगत 1
2nd PUC Hindi Textbook Answers Sahitya Gaurav Chapter 1 सुजान भगत 2
2nd PUC Hindi Textbook Answers Sahitya Gaurav Chapter 1 सुजान भगत 3
2nd PUC Hindi Textbook Answers Sahitya Gaurav Chapter 1 सुजान भगत 4
2nd PUC Hindi Textbook Answers Sahitya Gaurav Chapter 1 सुजान भगत 5
2nd PUC Hindi Textbook Answers Sahitya Gaurav Chapter 1 सुजान भगत 6

सुजान भगत Summary in English

‘Sujaan Bhagat’ is one of Premchand’s most notable stories. In the story, Premchand very delicately and passionately brings out the issue of self-respect. He says through his story that, be it a sexagenarian or a youth when it comes to the question of one’s self-respect one can go to any extent to protect it. Sujaan Bhagat is the central character around whom the story revolves. His wife is Bulaki. His older son is named Bhola, while the younger son is named Shankar.

Sujaan is an unassuming but well natured, altruistic farmer. Through the heat and cold and rain, Sujaan works hard on his fields. For several years Sujaan’s crop yields well and it rains riches for him. That is enough to turn him towards the observation of religious and moral prescriptions. Simple-minded farmers, once they become affluent, turn towards religion and want to gain social prominence. Faith and religion became Sujaan’s new passions. Paying respects to saints and ascetics, the assembling of visitors, the gathering of police officers, the singing of devotional prayers and songs – all of these became everyday affairs.

Sujaan offered his service with a gentle and tolerant attitude and was never arrogant. He irrigated the fields of his neighbours. Since there weren’t enough wells in the village, Sujaan had a well dug, and directed the water to his neighbours’ fields. However, after becoming pious and devoted to God, Sujaan Bhagat became a much disappointed and defeated version of his earlier self. Slowly, the authority and decision-making power began to slip out of his hands.

Bhagat was a highly respected man in the village, but within his home, he was not shown any respect. His boys did him every service and attendance that was expected, but there was no real power in the hands of Sujaan Bhagat anymore. He was no longer the lord of his house, but an idol in the temple.

Sitting under a tree, Sujaan would always be lost in his thoughts. He was not a handicapped person; in fact, he did all the household chores expected of him and yet, he was not given any respect in his own house! He was now treated like a dog guarding the house – he had to make do with whatever leftovers were thrown at him. Sujaan had nothing but disdain for this kind of lifestyle that his family was forcing him to live. He had worked day and night, borne all the troubles of the world, and today, even the right to donate and give alms was denied to him.

Gradually, all of Sujaan’s rights and privileges were withdrawn. Nobody consulted Bhagatji about anything. Neither the two sons nor Bulaki, looked up to Sujaan. They began to settle matters by themselves. Sujaan’s credibility and estimation were on the rise among the village folk but within his own household, it was on the decline. He was no longer the patriarch of the household.

Sujaan had become a non-entity in his own house. He lay in bed thinking over it for a long time. Sometime in the middle of the night he got up and began to chop the food for the oxen in the chopper. He worked so hard that never in the past had he exerted himself so much. Whatever grass the sons collected every day was insufficient for the oxen. When Bulaki woke up early the next morning she noticed a huge heap of chopped fodder in the courtyard. Everyone at home was surprised to see it.

By the time his son Bhola arrived at the field, Sujaan had already ploughed half the field. In the afternoon, all the farmers released their oxen and stopped work. Only Sujaan continued to work. Bhola was very tired but he did not have the courage to stop work. Finally, with a great deal of apprehension, he requested his father to stop tilling and Sujaan consented. Bhola began to return home with the oxen but Sujaan continued to scatter the seeds. He returned home after half an hour. After some time, Sujaan lifted the plough and began to walk towards the fields. A sleepy Bhola saw his father walk out of the house carrying the plough but could not bring himself to get up. He had never worked so hard because he had inherited a readymade domestic sphere which he had been managing somehow. Sujaan’s hard work became the talk of the entire village.

It was the month of Chait/Chaitra (first month of the Hindu year). The fields had yielded their crop. Heaps of grain were piled up in several places. This was the time when the farmers realised the worth of their laborious toil – when their hearts filled up with pride for the success that they had reaped. Sujaan filled up the wicker baskets with grain and passed them on to his sons who dispatched them to their house. A considerable number of beggars, tramps and flatterers gathered around Sujaan Bhagat, hoping to receive something. Among them was the sadhu who had approached their house about eight months ago and had to return from their doorstep disappointed. Sujaan not only gave him enough grain but also carried it himself to his village. Today, he had been able to restore the respect he had lost.

After eight months of hard work and toil, Sujaan was getting the fruits of his labour. That day, he also regained all the authority and decision-making power that he had lost. Love and affection is a very important part of human life. It can make an old man young again. Sujaan was filled with love and affection. He looked at Bhola with eyes full of pride and proclaimed, “None of the fakirs and tramps standing here should leave empty-handed”. Bhola stood there with his head bowed low. He did not have the courage to say anything. He had been defeated by his elderly father.

कठिन शब्दार्थ :

  • धूनी – अग्निकुण्ड;
  • चारों पदार्थ – पुरुषार्थ (धर्म, अर्थ, काम, मोक्ष);
  • डाँड – लकड़ी;
  • मडैया – छोटा छप्पर;
  • फब्तियाँ – व्यंग्य;
  • खुचड़ – दोष;
  • घोंघा – निरुपयोगी;
  • छबड़ी – टोकरी;
  • करवी – चारा;
  • गँडासा – चारा काटने का औज़ार;
  • कटिया – कटा हुआ चारा;
  • बखारी – धान्य-भण्डार;
  • भाट – प्रशंसक;
  • बेंग – फसल की अमानत में दिया जानेवाला उधार;
  • लाग – लगन, लगाव;
  • गैरत – लज्जा, हया, शर्म

मुहावरे :

  • कंचन बरसना – आमदनी बढ़ना;
  • फूले न समाना – अत्यधिक खुश होना;
  • मुँह की खाना – हार जाना;
  • पत-पानी बनाना – सम्मान बढ़ाना;
  • दम न लेना – कठिन परिश्रम करना;
  • कमर सीधी करना – आराम करना;
  • तिनक जाना – क्रोधित होना;
  • नाम जगाना – कीर्ति पाना।

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