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Karnataka 2nd PUC Sanskrit Textbook Answers Shevadhi भूमिका

2nd PUC Sanskrit Textbook Answers Shevadhi भूमिका 1

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Preamble/Introduction:

‘मङ्गलम्’ – It is customary in Indian culture to commence any activity with a benediction. In keeping with this tradition three benedictory stanzas from the three preceptors are compiled here.

1. ‘पुरणभारतम् ‘ This lesson has stanzas compiled from famous Puranas. Puranas occupy a very important place in Indian literature. They narrate, in a different way, through narratives and anecdotes in a simplified form the secret tenets of the Vedas. The objective of the Puranas is to make known the essentials of Dharma, righteousness and ethics, praise the greatness of religious places and pilgrim centres, discuss issues related to the origin of the universe and its dissolution, and to furnish details about the lives of kings and sages. By going through the descriptions of islands, mountains, rivers, sacred places and the cities one can gain geographical knowledge. Puranas are authentic and idealistic historical texts. This lesson has been compiled with a view to generating respect towards Indian nationhood as the description here is not just limited to their poetic value but also because they constitute the natural resources of today’s India.

2. ‘परेशामपि रक्ष जीवितम्’ – This lesson is selected from the collection of stories “सिंहासन द्वत्रिंशिका” composed by Vararuchi. In this story, an ogre, who was born cruel, is transformed by the quality of magnanimity of king Vikramaditya. That life is the greatest which is meant for others is the import of this lesson.

3. ‘निर्विमर्शा हि भीरवः’ – is selected from the 1st ‘Taranga’ of 3rd ‘Lambaka’ of Somadeva’s “कथासरित्सागर “. It represents the ancient poetic compositions. A fraudulent act by any individual in the society is bound to bring him disrepute. It’s always better for the individual to ensure good conduct. Towards that end, even destiny extends its helping hand. The selected lesson exemplifies this moral.

4. ‘शून्या मेऽङ्गुलिः” – is selected from the 5th Act of Kalidasa’s “अभिज्ञान शाकुन्तलम्”. This Act has gained importance for many reasons. Sage Durvasa’s curse on Dushyanta made him forget Shakuntala completely. The prescribed lesson dramatizes in a captivating way the arrival of the young hermits from sage Kanva’s hermitage, their meeting with Dushyanta, Kanva’s message, the king’s dharmic attitude and the conflict, his repudiation of Shakuntala, the natural indignant outburst of innocent Shakuntala etc. This lesson effectively portrays the hand of destiny in the lives of Dushyanta and Shakuntala.

5. ‘महाराणाप्रतापः’ – A look at Indian History clearly portrays the susceptibility of India to foreign invasions for many centuries. Groupism and internal bickerings among the kings were responsible for these foreign invasions. Despite troubles and turmoils, several heroes and patriots did not give up their valour or self-respect. This lesson has been selected to create awareness among students about self-respect and devotion to the motherland by introducing an ideal patriot like Maharana Pratap Simha who fought against his enemies and exemplified his military prowess.

6. ‘अनुरागोदयः’ – This lesson is paraphrased from महाश्वेता वुत्तान्त – a prose romance by Bana Bhatta. It introduces the aesthetic stream of prose, descriptive ability and the effective vocabulary of Bana Bhatta. This lesson narrates how Mahasveta, an apsara princess, fell in love with Pundarika, a hermit youth, how Pundarika forgetting all his self control fell in love with her, Kapinjala’s advice upon understanding his mental state and the suggestive elements of words and actions of Pundarika and Mahasveta.

7. ‘सा शान्तिः’ – This story is selected from the prose work “संस्कृत गद्य लेखावली” of late Dr. B.S. Ramakrishna Rao. The heroine Shanthi works in a garment shop. A young man is captivated by her beauty. His infirm mind wavers. One day Shanthi herself comes to his office. Hearing the reality of her life and her words and manners he is reformed. This lesson gives the message that women should be respected in society.

8. ‘विधिविलसितम्’ – This lesson is an extract from the first Act of the drama “गुरुशापम्” authored by the late Dr. K.S. Nagarajan. Karna desires to acquire competence in archery. He claims to be a Brahmin boy and approaches Parashurama and accepts studentship under him and serves him. He becomes his favourite student and gains mastery over ‘Bhargavaastra’ and such other weapons. In the ‘Vajrakeeta’ episode, he is cursed by his angry teacher. The very same teacher who had blessed that he would even excel him in archery, curses Karna that he shall forget the knowledge of these weapons at the time of their dire need. This play effectively drives home the message that nobody can change the path of destiny in our lives.

9. ‘नीतिसारः’ – This lesson is compiled from books on ethics and etiquettes in Sanskrit. All great poets incorporate wise counsel in their works to enhance the charm of their poetry and also to edify the readers in their daily activities. These ethical tenets are like beacon lights to lead our lives exemplarily in the areas of ethics, social interaction, polity, religion and spiritualism. By incorporating these in their lives, the students can surely enhance their virtues.

10. ‘कृष्णशास्त्रीमहोदयः’- This lesson introduces the contributions of a Kannada scholar to the Sanskrit language. Several great people have devoted their entire lives for the glorification of the land and language of Karnataka. Prof. A.R. Krishna Sastri is the pioneer among them. His scholarship, perspective on life, unbiased criticism, affection towards his students, way of life – all these are values worthy of emulation in their lives by everybody. This pen-portrayal has been made with a view to impress upon the minds of the youngsters that if they follow those ideals in life, their lives will be more ennobling, ethical and valuable.